CentOS7 源码编译安装 MySQL5.7｜SQL 基础操作 + 备份恢复完整实战

1.mysql 5.x源码安装

摘要：本文详细介绍了MySQL 5.7源码在CentOS 7环境下的完整安装步骤，包括环境准备、依赖安装、编译配置、服务启动与密码设置。随后演示了基础SQL操作：数据库与表的创建、数据增删改查。接着通过Python连接MySQL，使用pandas和SQLAlchemy将数据表导出为Excel文件。最后全面讲解MySQL的备份与恢复策略，涵盖物理冷备份、逻辑备份（mysqldump）以及基于二进制日志的增量备份与恢复方法，并提供了完整的命令行操作示例。

环境准备：

使用CentOS-7-template模板克隆mysql01

bash 复制代码

#设置主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mysql01
#关闭防火墙
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service --now

mysql5.7稳定版安装

bash 复制代码

#安装依赖包，ncurses（操作终端） ncurses-devel（编译软件时用）bison（解析语法） cmake（源码编译工具） gcc，gcc-c++（编译器）
[root@mysql01 ~]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake gcc gcc-c++

#配置程序用户（不允许终端登录）
[root@mysql01 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#解压mysql和boost包到指定目录，boost是支持mysql底层c++运行的仓库
[root@mysql01 ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@mysql01 ~]# tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mysql01 ~]# mv boost_1_59_0 boost

#配置安装环境
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

# MySQL源码编译cmake参数
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \          # 程序安装路径
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \     # socket本地通信文件
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \                                 # my.cnf配置文件存放目录
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \                # pid进程文件目录
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \                            # 默认字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \               # 默认排序规则
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                  # 启用InnoDB引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                   # 启用Archive引擎
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                 # 启用Blackhole黑洞引擎
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \                # 启用性能监控引擎
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \             # 数据文件存放目录
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \                     # boost依赖库路径
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1                                    # 生成systemd服务文件

------注意：如果在CMAKE的过程中有报错，当报错解决后，需要把源码目录中的CMakeCache.txt文件删除，然后再重新CMAKE，否则错误依旧------------

#编译和安装
[root@mysql01 mysql-5.7.17]# make && make install

#递归配置目录所属主和组
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/

#编辑mysql的配置文件，直接全替换 
[root@mysql01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

#配置文件所属主和组
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

#配置环境变量
[root@mysql01 ~]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@mysql01 ~]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile

#加载修改过的配置
[root@mysql01 ~]# source /etc/profile

#数据库初始化
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[root@mysql01 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

# 查看3306端口监听状态
[root@mysql01 mysql]# netstat -anpt | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN     
 70276/mysqld        

# 设置开机自启
[root@mysql01 mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld

# 给root账号设置密码为huawei
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot password "huawei"
Enter password: 

# 登录mysql
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -phuawei
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
mysql> Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

做完，拍摄快照

1.1基础SQL语句

查询数据库

sql 复制代码

[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: huawei
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;     #查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建和使用数据库

sql 复制代码

-- 创建数据库school
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 查看所有数据库，确认school创建成功
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- 切换使用school数据库
mysql> use school;
Database changed

-- 查看school库中的数据表，目前暂无表
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

创建表结构

sql 复制代码

-- 创建info数据表
mysql> CREATE TABLE info (
id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
score DECIMAL(5,2), 
address CHAR(50) DEFAULT '南京',
hobby INT NOT NULL
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

-- 查看school库中所有数据表
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 查看info表结构
mysql> describe info;
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name    | char(10)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| score   | decimal(5,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| address | char(50)     | YES  |     | 南京    |                |
| hobby   | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

添加表信息

sql 复制代码

-- 插入第一条数据
mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('唐三',90,'广州',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

-- 查询全部数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name   | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三   | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 插入第二条数据
mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('叶凡',91,'伦敦',2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 插入第三条数据，地址为空字符串
mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('喜羊羊',92,'',3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 查询全部数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  3 | 喜羊羊    | 92.00 |         |     3 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- 插入第四条数据，address使用默认值
mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('曹操',93,default,4);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 查询最终所有数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  3 | 喜羊羊    | 92.00 |         |     3 |
|  4 | 曹操      | 93.00 | 南京    |     4 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

修改表内容

sql 复制代码

-- 修改喜羊羊的地址为华盛顿
mysql> update info set address='华盛顿' where name='喜羊羊';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

-- 查询全部数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address   | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州      |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦      |     2 |
|  3 | 喜羊羊    | 92.00 | 华盛顿    |     3 |
|  4 | 曹操      | 93.00 | 南京      |     4 |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- 修改曹操地址为巴黎
mysql> update info set address='巴黎' where name='曹操';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

-- 查询全部数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address   | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州      |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦      |     2 |
|  3 | 喜羊羊    | 92.00 | 华盛顿    |     3 |
|  4 | 曹操      | 93.00 | 巴黎      |     4 |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- 根据id修改曹操分数和地址
mysql> update info set score=66.5,address='合肥' where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

-- 查询全部数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address   | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州      |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦      |     2 |
|  3 | 喜羊羊    | 92.00 | 华盛顿    |     3 |
|  4 | 曹操      | 66.50 | 合肥      |     4 |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- 条件查询：只查看喜羊羊信息
mysql> select * from info where name='喜羊羊' ;
+----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| id | name   | score | address   | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|  3 | 喜羊羊 | 92.00 | 华盛顿    |     3 |
+----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 再次查询所有数据
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address   | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州      |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦      |     2 |
|  3 | 喜羊羊    | 92.00 | 华盛顿    |     3 |
|  4 | 曹操      | 66.50 | 合肥      |     4 |
+----+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

删除表内容

sql 复制代码

-- 删除id等于3的数据
mysql> delete from info where id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 查询所有数据验证删除结果
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name   | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三   | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡   | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  4 | 曹操   | 66.50 | 合肥    |     4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

1.2python导出表

先配置pip源：

Windows系统：

在用户目录下（如 C:\Users\你的用户名\）创建一个名为 pip 的文件夹。

以我举例

C:\Users\69466

在 pip 文件夹内创建一个名为 pip.ini 的文件。

用记事本打开 pip.ini，输入以下内容并保存：

bash 复制代码

[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

pycharm下载软件包

bash 复制代码

pip install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/6c/4c/bf2100cbc1bd07f39bee3b09e7eef39beffe29f5453dc2477a2693737913/greenlet-3.2.3-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl
pip install pandas
pip install sqlalchemy
pip install pymysql
pip install openpyxl

下图演示了pip install pandas，另外3个一样

代码如下

bash 复制代码

import pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

#创建数据连接
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:huawei@192.168.108.142:3306/school')

#执行获取数据
df = pd.read_sql('select * from info', engine)
print(df)

#导出到excel表格
df.to_excel('info.xlsx', index=False)
print('excel 导出成功！')

左上角新建项目，新建python文件

根据项目位置找到，输出的excel

2.mysql的备份与恢复

数据备份的重要性

在生产环境中，数据的安全性至关重要
任何数据的丢失都可能产生严重的后果
造成数据丢失的原因
- 程序错误
- 人为操作错误
- 运算错误
- 磁盘故障
- 灾难（如火灾、地震）和盗窃

数据库备份的分类

从物理与逻辑的角度，备份可分为

物理备份：对数据库操作系统的物理文件（如数据文件、日志文件等）的备份
- 物理备份方法
  - 冷备份（脱机备份）：是在关闭数据库的时候进行的
  - 热备份（联机备份）：数据库处于运行状态，依赖于数据库的日志文件
  - 温备份：数据库锁定表格（不可写入但可读）的状态下进行备份操作
逻辑备份：对数据库逻辑组件（如：表等数据库对象）的备份

常见的备份方法

物理冷备
- 备份时数据库处于关闭状态，直接打包数据库文件
- 备份速度快，恢复时也是最简单的
专用备份工具mydump或mysqlhotcopy
- mysqldump常用的逻辑备份工具
- mysqlhotcopy仅拥有备份MylSAM和ARCHIVE表
启用二进制日志进行增量备份
- 进行增量备份，需要刷新二进制日志
第三方工具备份
- 免费的MvSQL热备份软件PerconaXtraBackup

2.1冷备份

bash 复制代码

# 备份（推荐物理备份方式）
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld                       
# 先停止服务
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@mysql01 data]# mkdir /mysql_bak
# 打包data目录进行备份，文件名带上日期
[root@mysql01 data]# tar czf /mysql_bak/mysql-backup-$(date +%F).tar.gz *
[root@mysql01 data]# systemctl start mysqld              
# 备份完成后启动服务
#测试服务正常

# 删除数据模拟故障
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld  # 先停止服务
# 清空数据目录（谨慎操作！）
[root@mysql01 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*            

#再次开启测试，发现数据库无法正常启动
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld

#停止数据库，执行数据恢复
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
#解压备份包到mysql数据目录
[root@mysql01 ~]# tar xzf /mysql_bak/mysql-backup-2025-10-15.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/data/
# 恢复目录权限
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data       
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld          
#再次测试，数据库数据成功恢复

2.2逻辑备份

bash 复制代码

#备份单个数据库 school
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p school > /mysql_bak/school.sql
Enter password:
#查看备份文件是否生成
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /mysql_bak/school.sql
/mysql_bak/school.sql
#查看备份文件内容
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /mysql_bak/school.sql

#备份多个数据库（加上--databases）
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --databases school mysql > /mysql_bak/school-mysql.sql
Enter password:
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /mysql_bak/school-mysql.sql

#备份服务器所有数据库
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --opt --all-databases > /mysql_bak/all.sql
Enter password:
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /mysql_bak/all.sql 

#备份指定库下单个数据表
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p school info > /mysql_bak/info.sql
Enter password:
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /mysql_bak/info.sql

2.3恢复数据

bash 复制代码

[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:

mysql> use school;
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 删除info数据表
mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

-- 通过备份文件恢复数据表
mysql> source /mysql_bak/info.sql

-- 查看恢复后的表
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

增量备份

bash 复制代码

# 修改my.cnf开启二进制日志
[root@mysql01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
------------------------
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin #这段下面最后加一行
------------------------

# 重启mysql服务
[root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

# 查看data目录，生成二进制日志文件
[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf    
client-cert.pem  ibdata1      
public_key.pem   
server-key.pem
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  mysql             
school           
ca.pem      
server-cert.pem
ib_buffer_pool   
ibtmp1            
ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  private_key.pem     
sys

#先进行完整备份
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql
Enter password:

#刷新二进制日志，生成新日志文件
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
Enter password:
#新产生的mysql-bin.000002只记录上次刷新后的操作

[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf    
client-cert.pem  ibdata1      
ibtmp1            
private_key.pem  server-cert.pem
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  mysql             
server-key.pem
ib_buffer_pool   
mysql-bin.index     
performance_schema  
mysql-bin.000002    
ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  performance_schema  
sys

#登录数据库操作
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed

mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name   | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三   | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡   | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  4 | 曹操   | 66.50 | 合肥    |     4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#插入数据，产生增量日志
mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('美猴王',75,'武汉',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

#刷新日志
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
Enter password:
#新产生mysql-bin.000003日志记录insert操作

[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      ibtmp1            mysql-bin.000002  
performance_schema  school           sys
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  mysql             mysql-bin.000003  
private_key.pem     server-cert.pem
ca.pem      ib_buffer_pool   ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.index   
public_key.pem      server-key.pem

[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed

mysql> insert into info (name,score,address,hobby) values ('超人',83,'上海',2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name      | score | address | hobby |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三      | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡      | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  4 | 曹操      | 66.50 | 合肥    |     4 |
|  5 | 美猴王    | 75.00 | 武汉    |     1 |
|  6 | 超人      | 83.00 | 上海    |     2 |
+----+-----------+-------+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

#刷新日志生效
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
Enter password:

#模拟误删除数据
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed

mysql> delete from info where id=6;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where id=5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name   | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三   | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡   | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  4 | 曹操   | 66.50 | 合肥    |     4 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

[root@mysql01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      ibtmp1            mysql-bin.000002  
mysql-bin.index     public_key.pem   server-key.pem
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  mysql             mysql-bin.000003  
performance_schema  school           sys
ca.pem      ib_buffer_pool   ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000004  
private_key.pem     server-cert.pem

#解析二进制日志（vim直接打开会乱码，使用mysqlbinlog解析）
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000003
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000004

#通过二进制日志恢复数据，恢复报错大概率存在MySQL进程占用
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

#验证恢复结果
[root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
| id | name   | score | address | hobby |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
|  1 | 唐三   | 90.00 | 广州    |     1 |
|  2 | 叶凡   | 91.00 | 伦敦    |     2 |
|  4 | 曹操   | 66.50 | 合肥    |     4 |
|  6 | 超人   | 83.00 | 上海    |     2 |
+----+--------+-------+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>