Django 权限系统项目实战详细图文教程 3--系统登录功能实现

来源引用网络知识与某站曹老师视频相互结合学习记录，仅供参考！

登录功能实现

一、前端静态登录页面实现

引入全局样式

在一般开发过程中，都需要对整体的样式做一些通用的全局设置；

1、打开前端 vue 项目"python_vue5_admin"，在"src"目录"assets"目录文件路径下新建一个名称为"images"的目录文件，在"images"目录文件路径下存放一张名称为"login-background.jpg"图片（图片烦请自定义背景图片）；

2、在"src"目录"assets"目录文件路径下新建一个名称为"styles"的目录文件，在"styles"目录文件路径下新建一个名称为"border.css"的 CSS 文件，输入以下内容；

@charset "utf-8";
.border,
.border-top,
.border-right,
.border-bottom,
.border-left,
.border-topbottom,
.border-rightleft,
.border-topleft,
.border-rightbottom,
.border-topright,
.border-bottomleft {
    position: relative;
}
.border::before,
.border-top::before,
.border-right::before,
.border-bottom::before,
.border-left::before,
.border-topbottom::before,
.border-topbottom::after,
.border-rightleft::before,
.border-rightleft::after,
.border-topleft::before,
.border-topleft::after,
.border-rightbottom::before,
.border-rightbottom::after,
.border-topright::before,
.border-topright::after,
.border-bottomleft::before,
.border-bottomleft::after {
    content: "\0020";
    overflow: hidden;
    position: absolute;
}
/* border
 * 因，边框是由伪元素区域遮盖在父级
 * 故，子级若有交互，需要对子级设置
 * 定位 及 z轴
 */
.border::before {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
    transform-origin: 0 0;
}
.border-top::before,
.border-bottom::before,
.border-topbottom::before,
.border-topbottom::after,
.border-topleft::before,
.border-rightbottom::after,
.border-topright::before,
.border-bottomleft::before {
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1px;
}
.border-right::before,
.border-left::before,
.border-rightleft::before,
.border-rightleft::after,
.border-topleft::after,
.border-rightbottom::before,
.border-topright::after,
.border-bottomleft::after {
    top: 0;
    width: 1px;
    height: 100%;
}
.border-top::before,
.border-topbottom::before,
.border-topleft::before,
.border-topright::before {
    border-top: 1px solid #eaeaea;
    transform-origin: 0 0;
}
.border-right::before,
.border-rightbottom::before,
.border-rightleft::before,
.border-topright::after {
    border-right: 1px solid #eaeaea;
    transform-origin: 100% 0;
}
.border-bottom::before,
.border-topbottom::after,
.border-rightbottom::after,
.border-bottomleft::before {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea;
    transform-origin: 0 100%;
}
.border-left::before,
.border-topleft::after,
.border-rightleft::after,
.border-bottomleft::after {
    border-left: 1px solid #eaeaea;
    transform-origin: 0 0;
}
.border-top::before,
.border-topbottom::before,
.border-topleft::before,
.border-topright::before {
    top: 0;
}
.border-right::before,
.border-rightleft::after,
.border-rightbottom::before,
.border-topright::after {
    right: 0;
}
.border-bottom::before,
.border-topbottom::after,
.border-rightbottom::after,
.border-bottomleft::after {
    bottom: 0;
}
.border-left::before,
.border-rightleft::before,
.border-topleft::after,
.border-bottomleft::before {
    left: 0;
}
@media (max--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 1.49), (-webkit-max-device-pixel-ratio: 1.49), (max-device-pixel-ratio: 1.49), (max-resolution: 143dpi), (max-resolution: 1.49dppx) {
    /* 默认值，无需重置 */
}
@media (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (max--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2.49), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (-webkit-max-device-pixel-ratio: 2.49), (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (max-device-pixel-ratio: 2.49), (min-resolution: 144dpi) and (max-resolution: 239dpi), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx) and (max-resolution: 2.49dppx) {
    .border::before {
        width: 200%;
        height: 200%;
        transform: scale(.5);
    }
    .border-top::before,
    .border-bottom::before,
    .border-topbottom::before,
    .border-topbottom::after,
    .border-topleft::before,
    .border-rightbottom::after,
    .border-topright::before,
    .border-bottomleft::before {
        transform: scaleY(.5);
    }
    .border-right::before,
    .border-left::before,
    .border-rightleft::before,
    .border-rightleft::after,
    .border-topleft::after,
    .border-rightbottom::before,
    .border-topright::after,
    .border-bottomleft::after {
        transform: scaleX(.5);
    }
}
@media (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5), (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5), (min-resolution: 240dpi), (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) {
    .border::before {
        width: 300%;
        height: 300%;
        transform: scale(.33333);
    }
    .border-top::before,
    .border-bottom::before,
    .border-topbottom::before,
    .border-topbottom::after,
    .border-topleft::before,
    .border-rightbottom::after,
    .border-topright::before,
    .border-bottomleft::before {
        transform: scaleY(.33333);
    }
    .border-right::before,
    .border-left::before,
    .border-rightleft::before,
    .border-rightleft::after,
    .border-topleft::after,
    .border-rightbottom::before,
    .border-topright::after,
    .border-bottomleft::after {
        transform: scaleX(.33333);
    }
}

3、继续在"styles"目录文件路径下新建一个名称为"reset.css"的 CSS 文件，输入以下内容；

@charset "utf-8";
html{font-size:12px}
body,ul,ol,dl,dd,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,figure,form,fieldset,legend,input,textarea,button,p,blockquote,th,td,pre,xmp{margin:0;padding:0}
body,input,textarea,button,select,pre,xmp,tt,code,kbd,samp{line-height:1.5;font-family:tahoma,arial,"Hiragino Sans GB",simsun,sans-serif}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,small,big,input,textarea,button,select{font-size:100%}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:tahoma,arial,"Hiragino Sans GB","微软雅黑",simsun,sans-serif}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,b,strong{font-weight:normal}
address,cite,dfn,em,i,optgroup,var{font-style:normal}
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;text-align:left}
caption,th{text-align:inherit}
ul,ol,menu{list-style:none}
fieldset,img{border:0}
img,object,input,textarea,button,select{vertical-align:middle}
article,aside,footer,header,section,nav,figure,figcaption,hgroup,details,menu{display:block}
audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block;*display:inline;*zoom:1}
blockquote:before,blockquote:after,q:before,q:after{content:"\0020"}
textarea{overflow:auto;resize:vertical}
input,textarea,button,select,a{outline:0 none;border: none;}
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}
mark{background-color:transparent}
a,ins,s,u,del{text-decoration:none}
sup,sub{vertical-align:baseline}
html {overflow-x: hidden;height: 100%;font-size: 50px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;}
body {font-family: Arial, "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif;color: #333;font-size: .28em;line-height: 1;-webkit-text-size-adjust: none;}
hr {height: .02rem;margin: .1rem 0;border: medium none;border-top: .02rem solid #cacaca;}
a {color: #25a4bb;text-decoration: none;}

4、修改前端 vue 项目"src"目录文件下"main.js"文件内容，导入"border.css"和"reset.css"两个 CSS 样式文件，这样就能作用生效了；

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
import '@/assets/styles/border.css'
import '@/assets/styles/reset.css'

createApp(App).use(store).use(router).use(ElementPlus).mount('#app')

5、在前端 vue 项目"src"目录"views"文件路径下新建一个名称为"Login.vue"的 vue 文件，输入以下内容；

<template>
  <div class="login">

    <el-form ref="loginRef"  class="login-form">
      <h3 class="title">python_admin Django后台管理系统</h3>

      <el-form-item >

        <el-input

            type="text"
            size="large"
            auto-complete="off"
            placeholder="账号"
        >

        </el-input>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item >
        <el-input

            type="password"
            size="large"
            auto-complete="off"
            placeholder="密码"
        >

        </el-input>
      </el-form-item>


      <el-checkbox  style="margin:0px 0px 25px 0px;">记住密码</el-checkbox>
      <el-form-item style="width:100%;">
        <el-button
            size="large"
            type="primary"
            style="width:100%;"
        >
          <span>登 录</span>

        </el-button>

      </el-form-item>
    </el-form>
    <!--  底部  -->
    <div class="el-login-footer">
      <span>Copyright © 2000-2345 <a href="http://www.baidu.com" target="_blank">python_admin</a> 版权所有.</span>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>

</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
a{
  color:white
}
.login {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  height: 100%;
  background-image: url("../assets/images/login-background.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
}
.title {
  margin: 0px auto 30px auto;
  text-align: center;
  color: #707070;
}

.login-form {
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  width: 400px;
  padding: 25px 25px 5px 25px;

  .el-input {
    height: 40px;



    input {
      display: inline-block;
      height: 40px;
    }
  }
  .input-icon {
    height: 39px;
    width: 14px;
    margin-left: 0px;
  }

}
.login-tip {
  font-size: 13px;
  text-align: center;
  color: #bfbfbf;
}
.login-code {
  width: 33%;
  height: 40px;
  float: right;
  img {
    cursor: pointer;
    vertical-align: middle;
  }
}
.el-login-footer {
  height: 40px;
  line-height: 40px;
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: Arial;
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}
.login-code-img {
  height: 40px;
  padding-left: 12px;
}
</style>

设置添加路由

路由就是浏览器地址栏输入一个地址，然后根据路由表里面的 path 映射到具体的组件上；

6、修改前端 vue 项目"src"目录"router"目录文件下"index.js"文件内容；

建议保存一下 router目录文件下index.js 源文件，以防后续需要还原；

import { createRouter, createWebHashHistory } from 'vue-router'
import HomeView from '../views/HomeView.vue'

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'home',
    component: HomeView
  },
  {
    path: '/about',
    name: 'about',
    // route level code-splitting
    // this generates a separate chunk (about.[hash].js) for this route
    // which is lazy-loaded when the route is visited.
    component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "about" */ '../views/AboutView.vue')
  }
]

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHashHistory(),
  routes
})

export default router

修改后的 index.js 文件，设置一个登录的路由；

import { createRouter, createWebHashHistory } from 'vue-router'
import HomeView from '../views/HomeView.vue'

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'home',
    component: HomeView
  },
  {
    path: '/login',
    name: 'login',
    component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')
  }
]

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHashHistory(),
  routes
})

export default router

实现静态页面样式

7、修改前端 vue 项目"src"目录文件下"App.vue（相当于一个主页）"文件内容；建议保存一下 src目录文件下 App.vue 源文件，以防后续需要还原；

<template>
  <nav>
    <router-link to="/">Home</router-link> |
    <router-link to="/about">About</router-link>
  </nav>
  <router-view/>
</template>

<style>
#app {
  font-family: Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

nav {
  padding: 30px;
}

nav a {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

nav a.router-link-exact-active {
  color: #42b983;
}
</style>

修改后的 App.vue 文件，主页里面设置一个"<router-view/>"，这样的话就能够直接根据浏览器输入的地址路由到了，再手动设置一下全局样式；

<template>
  <router-view/>
</template>

<style>
html,body,#app{
  height: 100%;
}

.app-container{
  padding:20px
}
</style>

安装sass和sass-loader依赖，其实在之前 package.json 运行安装依赖时就已经全部安装过了；如果还需要安装其他的话，烦请自行安装；

8、浏览器打开"http://127.0.0.1:8080/#/login"登录页面自行查看（记得启动前端项目）；

二、自定义icon实现

自定义 icon 其实就是账号、密码字段前的小图标，现在是没有小图标的，添加小图标之后会更加好看一些；

9、在前端 vue 项目"src"目录"components"目录文件路径下新建一个名称为"SvgIcon"的目录文件，在"SvgIcon"目录文件下新建一个名称为"index.vue"的 vue 文件来定义 svg-icon 组件；

<template>
  <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true">
    <use :xlink:href="iconName"></use>
  </svg>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps, computed } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
  icon: {
    type: String,
    required: true
  }
})

const iconName = computed(() => {
  return `#icon-${props.icon}`
})
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.svg-icon {
  width: 1em;
  height: 1em;
  vertical-align: -0.15em;
  fill: currentColor;
  overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

10、在前端 vue 项目"src"目录下新建一个名称为"icons"的目录文件，继续在"icons"目录下再新建一个名称为"svg"的目录文件（主要是用来存放 svg 文件的）；

11、在前端 vue 项目"src"目录"icons"目录下再新建一个名称为"index.js"的 JS 文件，输入以下内容；把刚刚 svg 文件中的".svg"文件都导入，然后注册一个"svg-icon"组件注册到全局里面去，这样的话就可以直接使用了；

import SvgIcon from '@/components/SvgIcon'

const svgRequired = require.context('./svg', false, /\.svg$/)
svgRequired.keys().forEach((item) => svgRequired(item))

export default (app) => {
  app.component('svg-icon', SvgIcon)
}

安装 webpack 依赖（webpack 打包工具）和 svg-sprite-loader 依赖（加载器）；这些依赖已经全部安装过了，如未安装烦请自行搜索相关依赖进行安装操作；

配置vue.config.js

12、修改前端项目下的"vue.config.js"文件内容；

建议先保存"vue.config.js"源文件；

const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
  transpileDependencies: true
})

再修改"vue.config.js"文件内容；

const webpack = require('webpack');

const path = require('path')
function resolve(dir) {
  return path.join(__dirname, dir)
}

module.exports = {
  lintOnSave: false,

  chainWebpack(config) {
    // 设置 svg-sprite-loader
    // config 为 webpack 配置对象
    // config.module 表示创建一个具名规则，以后用来修改规则
    config.module
      // 规则
      .rule('svg')
      // 忽略
      .exclude.add(resolve('src/icons'))
      // 结束
      .end()
    // config.module 表示创建一个具名规则，以后用来修改规则
    config.module
      // 规则
      .rule('icons')
      // 正则，解析 .svg 格式文件
      .test(/\.svg$/)
      // 解析的文件
      .include.add(resolve('src/icons'))
      // 结束
      .end()
      // 新增了一个解析的loader
      .use('svg-sprite-loader')
      // 具体的loader
      .loader('svg-sprite-loader')
      // loader 的配置
      .options({
        symbolId: 'icon-[name]'
      })
      // 结束
      .end()
    config
      .plugin('ignore')
      .use(
        new webpack.ContextReplacementPlugin(/moment[/\\]locale$/, /zh-cn$/)
      )
    config.module
      .rule('icons')
      .test(/\.svg$/)
      .include.add(resolve('src/icons'))
      .end()
      .use('svg-sprite-loader')
      .loader('svg-sprite-loader')
      .options({
        symbolId: 'icon-[name]'
      })
      .end()
  }
}

13、修改前端 vue 项目"src"目录文件下"main.js"文件内容，

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import SvgIcon from '@/icons'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
import '@/assets/styles/border.css'
import '@/assets/styles/reset.css'


const app=createApp(App)
SvgIcon(app);

app.use(store)

app.use(router)

app.use(ElementPlus)
app.mount('#app')

14、修改前端 vue 项目"src"目录"views"文件路径下"Login.vue"文件内容；

<template>
  <div class="login">

    <el-form ref="loginRef"  class="login-form">
      <h3 class="title">python_admin Django后台管理系统</h3>

      <el-form-item >

        <el-input

            type="text"
            size="large"
            auto-complete="off"
            placeholder="账号"
        >
          <template #prefix><svg-icon icon="user" /></template>
        </el-input>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item >
        <el-input

            type="password"
            size="large"
            auto-complete="off"
            placeholder="密码"
        >
          <template #prefix><svg-icon icon="password" /></template>
        </el-input>
      </el-form-item>


      <el-checkbox  style="margin:0px 0px 25px 0px;">记住密码</el-checkbox>
      <el-form-item style="width:100%;">
        <el-button
            size="large"
            type="primary"
            style="width:100%;"
        >
          <span>登 录</span>

        </el-button>

      </el-form-item>
    </el-form>
    <!--  底部  -->
    <div class="el-login-footer">
      <span>Copyright © 2000-2345 <a href="http://www.baidu.com" target="_blank">python_admin</a> 版权所有.</span>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>

</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
a{
  color:white
}
.login {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  height: 100%;
  background-image: url("../assets/images/login-background.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
}
.title {
  margin: 0px auto 30px auto;
  text-align: center;
  color: #707070;
}

.login-form {
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  width: 400px;
  padding: 25px 25px 5px 25px;

  .el-input {
    height: 40px;



    input {
      display: inline-block;
      height: 40px;
    }
  }
  .input-icon {
    height: 39px;
    width: 14px;
    margin-left: 0px;
  }

}
.login-tip {
  font-size: 13px;
  text-align: center;
  color: #bfbfbf;
}
.login-code {
  width: 33%;
  height: 40px;
  float: right;
  img {
    cursor: pointer;
    vertical-align: middle;
  }
}
.el-login-footer {
  height: 40px;
  line-height: 40px;
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: Arial;
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}
.login-code-img {
  height: 40px;
  padding-left: 12px;
}
</style>

15、输入命令"npm run serve"重新启动运行前端项目，能够显示自定义 icon 小图标。

未完待续......