标签：Quartz.Job.Scheduler；
一、简介
Quartz由Java编写的功能丰富的开源作业调度框架，可以集成到几乎任何Java应用程序中，并且能够创建多个作业调度；
在实际的业务中，有很多场景依赖定时任务，比如常见的：订单超时处理，数据报表统计分析，会员等周期性管理，业务识别和预警通知等；
二、工程搭建
1、工程结构
2、依赖管理
在starter-quartz组件中，实际依赖的是quartz组件2.3.2版本，使用Quartz框架时，需要自定义任务和执行逻辑，以更加灵活的方式管理业务调度；
xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>3、数据库
Quartz框架使用的表结构在如图的路径下，本文选择MySQL数据库存储，除此之外自定义两张表：quartz_job任务表和quartz_log任务执行日志表；
4、配置文件
在配置文件中使用Druid组件连接boot-quartz数据库，对于Quartz框架，主要配置数据库存储，调度器的基础信息，以及执行任务的线程池；
yaml
spring:
# 定时器配置
quartz:
# 使用数据库存储
job-store-type: jdbc
# 初始化完成后自动启动调度程序
autoStartup: true
properties:
org:
quartz:
# 调度器配置
scheduler:
instanceName: bootQuartzScheduler
instanceId: AUTO
# 存储配置
jobStore:
class: org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.LocalDataSourceJobStore
driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
tablePrefix: qrtz_
isClustered: true
misfireThreshold: 12000
clusterCheckinInterval: 15000
useProperties: false
# 线程池配置
threadPool:
threadNamePrefix: Boot_Job_Pool
threadPriority: 5
threadCount: 10
class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool三、Quartz用法
对于任务管理的相关Web接口，采用Swagger文档组件，接口和实体类添加注解后，访问IP:Port/swagger-ui/index.html地址即可；
1、初始化加载
在服务启动时执行init初始化方法，查询quartz_job表中运行和暂停状态的任务，判断触发器是否存在，如果不存在则创建，如果存在则更新；
java
@Service
public class QuartzJobService {
@Resource
private QuartzJobMapper quartzJobMapper ;
@Resource
private QuartzManage quartzManage;
@PostConstruct
public void init () {
LambdaQueryWrapper<QuartzJob> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>() ;
queryWrapper.in(QuartzJob::getState,JobState.JOB_RUN.getStatus(),JobState.JOB_STOP.getStatus());
List<QuartzJob> jobList = quartzJobMapper.selectList(queryWrapper);
jobList.forEach(quartzJob -> {
CronTrigger cronTrigger = quartzManage.getCronTrigger(quartzJob.getId()) ;
if (Objects.isNull(cronTrigger)){
quartzManage.createJob(quartzJob);
} else {
quartzManage.updateJob(quartzJob);
}
});
}
}2、新增任务
在创建任务时，需要定义JobKey和TriggerKey的构建规则，Key需要具备唯一性，通常使用任务表的主键ID，任务一般是基于Cron表达式被调度执行的；
java
@Component
public class QuartzManage {
@Resource
private Scheduler scheduler ;
public void createJob (QuartzJob quartzJob){
try {
// 构建任务
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(QuartzRecord.class).withIdentity(getJobKey(quartzJob.getId())).build() ;
// 构建Cron调度器
CronScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder
.cronSchedule(quartzJob.getCronExpres())
.withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing() ;
// 任务触发器
CronTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity(getTriggerKey(quartzJob.getId()))
.withSchedule(scheduleBuilder).build() ;
jobDetail.getJobDataMap().put(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY,quartzJob);
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger) ;
// 状态校验
checkStop(quartzJob) ;
} catch (SchedulerException e){
throw new RuntimeException("createJob Fail",e) ;
}
}
}3、更新任务
先通过任务ID查询TriggerKey，对于更新来说，最常见的就是Cron表达式即调度规则的更新，或者任务的执行参数更新；
java
@Component
public class QuartzManage {
@Resource
private Scheduler scheduler ;
public void updateJob(QuartzJob quartzJob) {
try {
// 查询触发器Key
TriggerKey triggerKey = getTriggerKey(quartzJob.getId());
// 构建Cron调度器
CronScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder
.cronSchedule(quartzJob.getCronExpres())
.withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing();
// 任务触发器
CronTrigger trigger = getCronTrigger(quartzJob.getId())
.getTriggerBuilder().withIdentity(triggerKey)
.withSchedule(scheduleBuilder).build();
trigger.getJobDataMap().put(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY, quartzJob);
scheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, trigger);
// 状态校验
checkStop(quartzJob) ;
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("updateJob Fail",e) ;
}
}
}4、暂停任务
先通过任务ID查询JobKey，判断任务是非运行状态，则停止任务；
java
@Component
public class QuartzManage {
@Resource
private Scheduler scheduler ;
public void checkStop (QuartzJob quartzJob){
try {
if(quartzJob.getState() != JobState.JOB_RUN.getStatus()){
this.scheduler.pauseJob(getJobKey(quartzJob.getId()));
}
} catch (SchedulerException e){
throw new RuntimeException("pauseJob Fail",e) ;
}
}
}5、恢复任务
先通过任务ID查询JobKey，恢复任务正常执行；
java
@Component
public class QuartzManage {
@Resource
private Scheduler scheduler ;
public void resumeJob (Integer jobId){
try {
this.scheduler.resumeJob(getJobKey(jobId));
} catch (SchedulerException e){
throw new RuntimeException("resumeJob Fail",e) ;
}
}
}6、执行一次
传入任务主体，再通过任务ID查询JobKey，然后立即执行一次任务；
java
@Component
public class QuartzManage {
@Resource
private Scheduler scheduler ;
public void run (QuartzJob quartzJob){
try {
JobDataMap dataMap = new JobDataMap() ;
dataMap.put(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY,quartzJob);
this.scheduler.triggerJob(getJobKey(quartzJob.getId()),dataMap);
} catch (SchedulerException e){
throw new RuntimeException("run Fail",e) ;
}
}
}7、删除任务
先通过任务ID查询JobKey，彻底删除任务；
java
@Component
public class QuartzManage {
@Resource
private Scheduler scheduler ;
public void deleteJob (Integer jobId){
try {
scheduler.deleteJob(getJobKey(jobId));
} catch (SchedulerException e){
throw new RuntimeException("deleteJob Fail",e) ;
}
}
}8、任务执行
Quartz被集成在Spring框架之后，任务类自然会以Bean对象的方式被管理，在任务创建时，设置要执行的作业类QuartzRecord，该类继承QuartzJobBean抽象类，通过重写executeInternal方法，来管理任务实际执行的逻辑；
java
public class QuartzRecord extends QuartzJobBean {
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) {
QuartzJob quartzJob = (QuartzJob)context.getMergedJobDataMap().get(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY) ;
QuartzLogService quartzLogService = (QuartzLogService)SpringContextUtil.getBean("quartzLogService") ;
// 定时器日志记录
QuartzLog quartzLog = new QuartzLog () ;
quartzLog.setJobId(quartzJob.getId());
quartzLog.setBeanName(quartzJob.getBeanName());
quartzLog.setParams(quartzJob.getParams());
quartzLog.setCreateTime(new Date());
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
try {
// 加载并执行
Object target = SpringContextUtil.getBean(quartzJob.getBeanName());
Method method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("run", String.class);
method.invoke(target, quartzJob.getParams());
long executeTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime;
quartzLog.setTimes((int)executeTime);
quartzLog.setState(LogState.LOG_SUS.getStatus());
} catch (Exception e){
// 异常信息
long executeTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime;
quartzLog.setTimes((int)executeTime);
quartzLog.setState(LogState.LOG_FAIL.getStatus());
quartzLog.setError(e.getMessage());
} finally {
// 保存执行日志
quartzLogService.insert(quartzLog) ;
}
}
}四、参考源码
ruby
文档仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note
源码仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent