结构体(个人学习笔记黑马学习)

1、结构体的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>


struct Student {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score; 
}s3;

int main() {

	//1、
	struct Student s1;
	s1.name = "张三";
	s1.age = 18;
	s1.score = 100;

	cout << "姓名：" << s1.name << " 年龄：" << s1.age << " 分数：" << s1.score << endl;

	//2、
	struct Student s2 = { "李四",19,80 };
	cout << "姓名：" << s2.name << " 年龄：" << s2.age << " 分数：" << s2.score << endl;

	//3、
	s3.name = "王五";
	s3.age = 20;
	s3.score = 60;
	cout << "姓名：" << s3.name << " 年龄：" << s3.age << " 分数：" << s3.score << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结构体变量创建的时候 struct可以省略

---

2、结构体数组

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>


struct Student {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score; 
}s3;

int main() {

	struct Student stuArray[3] = {
		{"张三",18,100},
		{"李四",28,99},
		{"王五",38,66}
	};

	stuArray[2].name = "赵六";
	stuArray[2].age = 80;
	stuArray[2].score = 60;

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		cout << stuArray[i].name <<" "<< stuArray[i].age <<" "<< stuArray[i].score << " "<<endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

---

3、结构体指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>


struct Student {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score; 
};

int main() {

	struct Student s = { "张三",18,100 };

	struct Student* p = &s;

	cout << "姓名：" << p->name << " 年龄：" << p->age << " 成绩：" << p->score << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

---

4、结构体嵌套结构体

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>

struct student {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score; 
};

struct teacher {
	int id;
	string name;
	int age;
	struct student stu;
};

int main() {

	teacher t;
	t.id = 10000;
	t.name = "老王";
	t.age = 50;
	t.stu.name = "小王";
	t.stu.age = 20;
	t.stu.score = 60;

	cout << "老师姓名：" << t.name << " 老师编号：" << t.id << " 老师年龄：" << t.age
		<< " 老师辅导的学生姓名：" << t.stu.name << " 学生年龄：" << t.stu.age << " 学生成绩：" << t.stu.score << endl;

	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

---

5、结构体做函数参数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>

struct student {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score; 
};

void printfStudent1(struct student s) {
	cout << "在子函数中打印 姓名：" << s.name << " 年龄：" << s.age << " 分数：" << s.score << endl;

}

void printfStudent2(struct student* p) {
	cout << "子函数2中 姓名：" << p->name << " 年龄：" << p->age << " 分数：" << p->score << endl;
}


int main() {
	struct student s;
	s.name = "张三";
	s.age = 20;
	s.score = 85;
	//cout << "main函数中打印 姓名：" << s.name << " 年龄：" << s.age << " 分数：" << s.score << endl;
	

	//printfStudent1(s);

	printfStudent2(&s);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

---

---

6、结构体中const的使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>

struct student {
	string name;
	int age;
	int score; 
};

void printfStudent(const student *s) {
	//s->age = 150;加入const之后，一旦有修改的操作就会报错，可以防止误操作
	cout << "姓名：" << s->name << " 年龄：" << s->age << " 分数：" << s->score << endl;
}


int main() {
	struct student s;
	s.name = "张三";
	s.age = 15;
	s.score = 70;

	printfStudent(&s);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

---

7、案例一

案例描述:

学校正在做毕设项目，每名老师带领5个学生，总共有3名老师，需求如下设计学生和老师的结构体，其中在老师的结构体中，有老师姓名和一个存放5名学生的数组作为成员。

学生的成员有姓名、考试分数，创建数组存放3名老师，通过函数给每个老师及所带的学生赋值，最终打印出老师数据以及老师所带的学生数据。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <ctime>

struct student {
	string sName;
	int score;
};

struct Teacher {
	string tName;
	struct student sArray[5];
};

void allocatSpace(struct Teacher tArray[],int len) {
	string nameSeed = "ABCDE";

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		tArray[i].tName = "Teacher_";
		tArray[i].tName += nameSeed[i];

		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
			tArray[i].sArray[j].sName = "Student_";
			tArray[i].sArray[j].sName += nameSeed[j];

			int random = rand() % 61+40;//40`100
			tArray[i].sArray[j].score = random;
		}
	}
}


void printfInfo(struct Teacher tArray[], int len) {
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		cout << "老师的姓名：" << tArray[i].tName << endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
			cout << "\t学生的姓名：" << tArray[i].sArray[j].sName <<
				" 考试分数：" << tArray[i].sArray[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}


int main() {

	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

	Teacher tArray[3];
	int len = sizeof(tArray) / sizeof(tArray[0]);
	allocatSpace(tArray, len);

	printfInfo(tArray,len);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

---

8、案例二

案例描述:

设计一个英雄的结构体，包括成员姓名，年龄，性别;创建结构体数组，数组中存放5名英雄。

通过冒泡排序的算法，将数组中的英雄按照年龄进行升序排序，最终打印排序后的结果。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>

struct Hero {
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
};

void bubbleSort(struct Hero heroArray[], int len) {
	for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < len - i - 1; j++) {
			if (heroArray[j].age > heroArray[j + 1].age) {
				struct Hero temp = heroArray[j];
				heroArray[j] = heroArray[j + 1];
				heroArray[j + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	}
}

void printfHero(struct Hero heroArray[], int len) {
	for (int i= 0; i < len; i++) {
		cout << "姓名：" << heroArray[i].name << " 年龄：" << heroArray[i].age
			<< " 性别：" << heroArray[i].sex << endl;
	}
}

int main() {

	struct Hero heroArray[5] =
	{
		{"刘备",23,"男"},
		{"关羽",22,"男"},
		{"张飞",20,"男"},
		{"赵云",21,"男"},
		{"貂蝉",19,"女"},
	};
	int len = sizeof(heroArray) / sizeof(heroArray[0]);

	bubbleSort(heroArray, len);
	printfHero(heroArray, len);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}