【MySQL】ibd2sdi工具介绍和使用

SQLplusDB2023-09-20 19:09

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编辑|SQL和数据库技术(ID:SQLplusDB)

【MySQL】ibd2sdi工具介绍

MySQL提供了叫做ibd2sdi的实用工具，可以将InnoDB表的序列化字典信息（SDI）以json的格式输出。

通过这个工具命令我们可以查看 ibd 文件或者在系统崩溃、文件离线的时候进行一定程度的恢复（数据重建等）。

ibd2sdi的解析对象

ibd2sdi可以针对如下对象进行解析，生成json形式的输出：

  • file-per-table的表文件表空间文件（*.ibd文件）
  • 常规表空间文件（general tablespace *.ibd文件）
  • 系统表空间 文件（ system tablespace ibdata*文件）
  • 数据字典表空间（mysql.ibd）

注意：ibd2sdi不支持临时（temporary）表空间或UNDO表空间。

ibd2sdi可以在运行时使用，也可以在文件离线时使用。

ibd2sdi的选项参数

ibd2sdi的选项参数可以通过如下查看。

clike 复制代码 
ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$ ibd2sdi
ibd2sdi  Ver 8.0.34-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))
Copyright (c) 2015, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Usage: ibd2sdi [-v] [-c <strict-check>] [-d <dump file name>] [-n] filename1 [filenames]
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/ibd2sdi.html for usage hints.
  -h, --help          Display this help and exit.
  -v, --version       Display version information and exit.
  -d, --dump-file=name
                      Dump the tablespace SDI into the file passed by user.
                      Without the filename, it will default to stdout
  -s, --skip-data     Skip retrieving data from SDI records. Retrieve only id
                      and type.
  -i, --id=#          Retrieve the SDI record matching the id passed by user.
  -t, --type=#        Retrieve the SDI records matching the type passed by
                      user.
  -c, --strict-check=name
                      Specify the strict checksum algorithm by the user.
                      Allowed values are innodb, crc32, none.
  -n, --no-check      Ignore the checksum verification.
  -p, --pretty        Pretty format the SDI output.If false, SDI would be not
                      human readable but it will be of less size
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-pretty to disable.)

Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
dump-file                         (No default value)
skip-data                         FALSE
id                                0
type                              0
strict-check                      crc32
no-check                          FALSE
pretty                            TRUE

ibd2sdi的输出例

clike 复制代码 
mysql> desc actor;
+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Field       | Type              | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                                         |
+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| actor_id    | smallint unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL              | auto_increment                                |
| first_name  | varchar(45)       | NO   |     | NULL              |                                               |
| last_name   | varchar(45)       | NO   | MUL | NULL              |                                               |
| last_update | timestamp         | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | DEFAULT_GENERATED on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

我们针对这个表的ibd文件，查看其SDI定义如下：

clike 复制代码 
ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$ sudo ibd2sdi  -d table_actor2 /var/lib/mysql/sakila/actor.ibd
ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$ sudo more table_actor2
["ibd2sdi"
,
{
        "type": 1,
        "id": 428,
        "object":
                {
    "mysqld_version_id": 80032,
    "dd_version": 80023,
    "sdi_version": 80019,
    "dd_object_type": "Table",
    "dd_object": {
        "name": "actor",
        "mysql_version_id": 80032,
        "created": 20230430212818,
        "last_altered": 20230430212818,
        "hidden": 1,
        "options": "avg_row_length=0;encrypt_type=N;key_block_size=0;keys_disabled=0;pack_record=1;stats_auto_recalc=0;s
tats_sample_pages=0;",
        "columns": [
            {
                "name": "actor_id",
                "type": 3,
                "is_nullable": false,
                "is_zerofill": false,
                "is_unsigned": true,
                "is_auto_increment": true,
                "is_virtual": false,
                "hidden": 1,
                "ordinal_position": 1,
                "char_length": 5,
                "numeric_precision": 5,
                "numeric_scale": 0,
                "numeric_scale_null": false,
                "datetime_precision": 0,
                "datetime_precision_null": 1,
                "has_no_default": false,
                "default_value_null": false,
                "srs_id_null": true,
                "srs_id": 0,
                "default_value": "AAA=",
                "default_value_utf8_null": true,
                "default_value_utf8": "",
                "default_option": "",
                "update_option": "",
                "comment": "",
                "generation_expression": "",
                "generation_expression_utf8": "",
                "options": "interval_count=0;",
                "se_private_data": "table_id=1111;",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "column_key": 2,
                "column_type_utf8": "smallint unsigned",
                "elements": [],
                "collation_id": 255,
                "is_explicit_collation": false
            },
            {
                "name": "first_name",
                "type": 16,
                "is_nullable": false,
                "is_zerofill": false,
                "is_unsigned": false,
                "is_auto_increment": false,
                "is_virtual": false,
                "hidden": 1,
                "ordinal_position": 2,
                "char_length": 180,
                "numeric_precision": 0,
                "numeric_scale": 0,
                "numeric_scale_null": true,
                "datetime_precision": 0,
                "datetime_precision_null": 1,
                "has_no_default": true,
                "default_value_null": false,
                "srs_id_null": true,
                "srs_id": 0,
                "default_value": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\nAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==",
                "default_value_utf8_null": true,
                "default_value_utf8": "",
                "default_option": "",
                "update_option": "",
                "comment": "",
                "generation_expression": "",
                "generation_expression_utf8": "",
                "options": "interval_count=0;",
                "se_private_data": "table_id=1111;",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "column_key": 1,
                "column_type_utf8": "varchar(45)",
                "elements": [],
                "collation_id": 255,
                "is_explicit_collation": false
            },
            {
                "name": "last_name",
                "type": 16,
                "is_nullable": false,
                "is_zerofill": false,
                "is_unsigned": false,
                "is_auto_increment": false,
                "is_virtual": false,
                "hidden": 1,
                "ordinal_position": 3,
                "char_length": 180,
                "numeric_precision": 0,
                "numeric_scale": 0,
                "numeric_scale_null": true,
                "datetime_precision": 0,
                "datetime_precision_null": 1,
                "has_no_default": true,
                "default_value_null": false,
                "srs_id_null": true,
                "srs_id": 0,
                "default_value": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\nAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==",
                "default_value_utf8_null": true,
                "default_value_utf8": "",
                "default_option": "",
                "update_option": "",
                "comment": "",
                "generation_expression": "",
                "generation_expression_utf8": "",
                "options": "interval_count=0;",
                "se_private_data": "table_id=1111;",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "column_key": 4,
                "column_type_utf8": "varchar(45)",
                "elements": [],
                "collation_id": 255,
                "is_explicit_collation": false
            },
            {
                "name": "last_update",
                "type": 18,
                "is_nullable": false,
                "is_zerofill": false,
                "is_unsigned": false,
                "is_auto_increment": false,
                "is_virtual": false,
                "hidden": 1,
                "ordinal_position": 4,
                "char_length": 19,
                "numeric_precision": 0,
                "numeric_scale": 0,
                "numeric_scale_null": true,
                "datetime_precision": 0,
                "datetime_precision_null": 0,
                "has_no_default": false,
                "default_value_null": false,
                "srs_id_null": true,
                "srs_id": 0,
                "default_value": "AAAAAA==",
                "default_value_utf8_null": false,
                "default_value_utf8": "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
                "default_option": "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
                "update_option": "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
                "comment": "",
                "generation_expression": "",
                "generation_expression_utf8": "",
                "options": "interval_count=0;",
                "se_private_data": "table_id=1111;",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "column_key": 1,
                "column_type_utf8": "timestamp",
                "elements": [],
                "collation_id": 8,
                "is_explicit_collation": false
            },
            {
                "name": "DB_TRX_ID",
                "type": 10,
                "is_nullable": false,
                "is_zerofill": false,
                "is_unsigned": false,
                "is_auto_increment": false,
                "is_virtual": false,
                "hidden": 2,
                "ordinal_position": 5,
                "char_length": 6,
                "numeric_precision": 0,
                "numeric_scale": 0,
                "numeric_scale_null": true,
                "datetime_precision": 0,
                "datetime_precision_null": 1,
                "has_no_default": false,
                "default_value_null": true,
                "srs_id_null": true,
                "srs_id": 0,
                "default_value": "",
                "default_value_utf8_null": true,
                "default_value_utf8": "",
                "default_option": "",
                "update_option": "",
                "comment": "",
                "generation_expression": "",
                "generation_expression_utf8": "",
                "options": "",
                "se_private_data": "table_id=1111;",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "column_key": 1,
                "column_type_utf8": "",
                "elements": [],
                "collation_id": 63,
                "is_explicit_collation": false
            },
            {
                "name": "DB_ROLL_PTR",
                "type": 9,
                "is_nullable": false,
                "is_zerofill": false,
                "is_unsigned": false,
                "is_auto_increment": false,
                "is_virtual": false,
                "hidden": 2,
                "ordinal_position": 6,
                "char_length": 7,
                "numeric_precision": 0,
                "numeric_scale": 0,
                "numeric_scale_null": true,
                "datetime_precision": 0,
                "datetime_precision_null": 1,
                "has_no_default": false,
                "default_value_null": true,
                "srs_id_null": true,
                "srs_id": 0,
                "default_value": "",
                "default_value_utf8_null": true,
                "default_value_utf8": "",
                "default_option": "",
                "update_option": "",
                "comment": "",
                "generation_expression": "",
                "generation_expression_utf8": "",
                "options": "",
                "se_private_data": "table_id=1111;",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "column_key": 1,
                "column_type_utf8": "",
                "elements": [],
                "collation_id": 63,
                "is_explicit_collation": false
            }
        ],
        "schema_ref": "sakila",
        "se_private_id": 1111,
        "engine": "InnoDB",
        "last_checked_for_upgrade_version_id": 0,
        "comment": "",
        "se_private_data": "autoinc=0;version=0;",
        "engine_attribute": "",
        "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
        "row_format": 2,
        "partition_type": 0,
        "partition_expression": "",
        "partition_expression_utf8": "",
        "default_partitioning": 0,
        "subpartition_type": 0,
        "subpartition_expression": "",
        "subpartition_expression_utf8": "",
        "default_subpartitioning": 0,
        "indexes": [
            {
                "name": "PRIMARY",
                "hidden": false,
                "is_generated": false,
                "ordinal_position": 1,
                "comment": "",
                "options": "flags=0;",
                "se_private_data": "id=241;root=4;space_id=50;table_id=1111;trx_id=4213;",
                "type": 1,
                "algorithm": 2,
                "is_algorithm_explicit": false,
                "is_visible": true,
                "engine": "InnoDB",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "elements": [
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 1,
                        "length": 2,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": false,
                        "column_opx": 0
                    },
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 2,
                        "length": 4294967295,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": true,
                        "column_opx": 4
                    },
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 3,
                        "length": 4294967295,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": true,
                        "column_opx": 5
                    },
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 4,
                        "length": 4294967295,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": true,
                        "column_opx": 1
                    },
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 5,
                        "length": 4294967295,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": true,
                        "column_opx": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 6,
                        "length": 4294967295,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": true,
                        "column_opx": 3
                    }
                ],
                "tablespace_ref": "sakila/actor"
            },
            {
                "name": "idx_actor_last_name",
                "hidden": false,
                "is_generated": false,
                "ordinal_position": 2,
                "comment": "",
                "options": "flags=0;",
                "se_private_data": "id=242;root=5;space_id=50;table_id=1111;trx_id=4213;",
                "type": 3,
                "algorithm": 2,
                "is_algorithm_explicit": false,
                "is_visible": true,
                "engine": "InnoDB",
                "engine_attribute": "",
                "secondary_engine_attribute": "",
                "elements": [
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 1,
                        "length": 180,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": false,
                        "column_opx": 2
                    },
                    {
                        "ordinal_position": 2,
                        "length": 4294967295,
                        "order": 2,
                        "hidden": true,
                        "column_opx": 0
                    }
                ],
                "tablespace_ref": "sakila/actor"
            }
        ],
        "foreign_keys": [],
        "check_constraints": [],
        "partitions": [],
        "collation_id": 255
    }
}
}
,
{
        "type": 2,
        "id": 55,
        "object":
                {
    "mysqld_version_id": 80032,
    "dd_version": 80023,
    "sdi_version": 80019,
    "dd_object_type": "Tablespace",
    "dd_object": {
        "name": "sakila/actor",
        "comment": "",
        "options": "autoextend_size=0;encryption=N;",
        "se_private_data": "flags=16417;id=50;server_version=80032;space_version=1;state=normal;",
        "engine": "InnoDB",
        "engine_attribute": "",
        "files": [
            {
                "ordinal_position": 1,
                "filename": "./sakila/actor.ibd",
                "se_private_data": "id=50;"
            }
        ]
    }
}
}
]
ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$

例2：

clike 复制代码 
ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$ sudo ibd2sdi --skip-data /var/lib/mysql/sakila/actor.ibd
["ibd2sdi"
,
{
        "type": 1,
        "id": 428
}
,
{
        "type": 2,
        "id": 55
}
]
ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$

参考

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/serialized-dictionary-information.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/ibd2sdi.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/import-table.html

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