背景:
本文作为SpringMVC系列的第四篇,介绍参数解析器。本文讨论的参数解析表示从HTTP消息中解析出JAVA对象或流对象并传参给Controller接口的过程。
本文内容包括介绍参数解析器工作原理、常见的参数解析器、自定义参数解析器等三部分。其中,原理部分会结合源码进行说明。
1.工作原理
说明:本文重点在于说明参数解析器的工作原理和使用方式,为避免文章过于冗长,会刻意省略对异步请求和文件上传部分的分支逻辑,读者可在理解主线逻辑后自定阅读该部分源码。
源码介绍时,会忽略所有的日志打印以及与主线逻辑无关的try-catch-finnally块
1.1 解析过程
SpringMVC系列-2 HTTP请求调用链 中介绍过:收到http请求后,进入DispatcherServlet的dispatcherServlet方法:
javascript
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//...
// 1.preHandle
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// 2.call handler
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 3.postHandle
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
//...
}
在执行HandlerInterceptor的preHandle和postHandle之间,会通过ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())
反射调用Controller接口,跟踪该调用链进入:
javascript
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
// ⚠️1.调用controller接口
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
// ⚠️2.处理返回值
setResponseStatus(webRequest);
if (returnValue == null) {
if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || getResponseStatus() != null || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
disableContentCachingIfNecessary(webRequest);
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
return;
}
} else if (StringUtils.hasText(getResponseStatusReason())) {
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
return;
}
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
Assert.state(this.returnValueHandlers != null, "No return value handlers");
try {
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
} catch (Exception ex) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(formatErrorForReturnValue(returnValue), ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
invokeAndHandle
方法从逻辑上可以分为两个部分:(1)调用controller接口并获取返回值;(2)处理返回值。
本文关注第一部分:Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
其中:webRequest包装了HTTP请求的request和response对象,mavContainer是MVC对象,providedArgs传入的是null.
跟进invokeForRequest方法:
javascript
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
return doInvoke(args);
}
包括两个步骤:(1)调用getMethodArgumentValues获取参数;(2)将步骤(1)获取的参数传递给doInvoke,通过反射调用Controller接口并返回结果。
跟进getMethodArgumentValues方法:
javascript
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
return new Object[0];
}
Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
if (args[i] != null) {
continue;
}
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw ex;
}
}
return args;
}
由于入参providedArgs为null, 因此上述逻辑可以简化为:
javascript
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
return new Object[0];
}
Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw ex;
}
}
return args;
}
上述解析参数的逻辑可以分为两步:(1)获取目标接口的参数数组,并判断是否为空(参数为空即不需要处理参数);(2)遍历参数数组,根据参数解析器对每个参数对象依此进行处理,如果没有匹配的参数处理器,则抛出IllegalStateException异常。
这里的参数解析器this.resolvers
类型是HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite
,是一个组合模型,内部维持了一个HandlerMethodArgumentResolver数组:
javascript
private final List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers
参数解析最终都会派发给argumentResolvers的各个元素,派发原则是选择第一个满足匹配规则的参数解析器
。
在后续SpringMVC源码介绍过程中,会发现框架大量使用了组合设计模式;大部分采取匹配 +处理的组合手段完成。
因此HandlerMethodArgumentResolver接口需要有两个接口:
javascript
public interface HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter);
Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception;
}
supportsParameter方法用于判断该HandlerMethodArgumentResolver是否与参数匹配,resolveArgument方法用于解析参数并返回解析结果。
1.2 初始化过程
ServletInvocableHandlerMethods的resolvers属性
解析过程的核心在于参数解析器,即ServletInvocableHandlerMethod对象中的HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite resolvers
属性,而每次HTTP调用都会生成一个ServletInvocableHandlerMethod对象,因此关注该对象的resolvers属性如何被初始化即可:
java
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
// ...
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = new ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
// ...
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
// ...
}
}
如上所示:ServletInvocableHandlerMethod对象的resolvers属性来自RequestMappingHandlerAdapter对象的this.argumentResolvers
属性。
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的argumentResolvers属性
继续跟踪RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的this.argumentResolvers
属性初始化过程,需要注意的是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter是全局Bean对象,因此可以从头梳理一下该对象关于argumentResolvers属性的初始化过程。
【1】实例化阶段
java
@Bean
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter(
@Qualifier("mvcContentNegotiationManager") ContentNegotiationManager contentNegotiationManager,
@Qualifier("mvcConversionService") FormattingConversionService conversionService,
@Qualifier("mvcValidator") Validator validator) {
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter adapter = createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
adapter.setCustomArgumentResolvers(getArgumentResolvers());
// ...
return adapter;
}
createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter()返回RequestMappingHandlerAdapter实例后,将getArgumentResolvers()获取的自定义参数解析器 设置到this.customArgumentResolvers
属性中。
看一下getArgumentResolvers()
逻辑:
java
protected final List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> getArgumentResolvers() {
this.argumentResolvers = new ArrayList<>();
addArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
return this.argumentResolvers;
}
@Override
protected void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers) {
this.configurers.addArgumentResolvers(argumentResolvers);
}
argumentResolvers数据来自于this.configurers,看一下这个属性的初始化过程:
java
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
}
}
}
configurers来自于IOC容器中WebMvcConfigurer类型的对象。
因此用户可自定义WebMvcConfigurer对象并将其注入到IOC中,在自定义的WebMvcConfigurer类中通过复写addArgumentResolvers方法可实现自定义参数解析器的添加。
【2】初始化阶段
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter实现了InitializingBean接口,在Bean的初始化阶段中,会调用其afterPropertiesSet()钩子函数:
dart
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
// ...
if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {
List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
}
// ...
}
可以看出所有的参数解析器来自有getDefaultArgumentResolvers()
方法:
dart
private List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> getDefaultArgumentResolvers() {
List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<>(30);
// Annotation-based argument resolution
resolvers.add(new RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory(), false));
resolvers.add(new RequestParamMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new PathVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new MatrixVariableMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new MatrixVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
resolvers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
resolvers.add(new RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver(getMessageConverters(), this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
resolvers.add(new RequestHeaderMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory()));
resolvers.add(new RequestHeaderMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ServletCookieValueMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory()));
resolvers.add(new ExpressionValueMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory()));
resolvers.add(new SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());
// Type-based argument resolution
resolvers.add(new ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
resolvers.add(new RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
resolvers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());
resolvers.add(new ErrorsMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new SessionStatusMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new UriComponentsBuilderMethodArgumentResolver());
// Custom arguments
if (getCustomArgumentResolvers() != null) {
resolvers.addAll(getCustomArgumentResolvers());
}
// Catch-all
resolvers.add(new RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory(), true));
resolvers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));
return resolvers;
}
这里包含了框架内置的参数解析器以及自定义参数解析器,需要注意一下几点:
(1)getCustomArgumentResolvers()来自于【1】实例化阶段 中设置的自定义参数解析器;
(2)自定义参数解析器的顺序比较靠后,需要避免被其他参数解析器拦截,supportsParameter方法可以根据参数类型进行匹配。
(3)首位端各存在一个RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver类型的参数解析器,区别是内部useDefaultResolution属性前者是false, 后者是true.
2.常见的参数解析器
2.1 解析器分类
Debug是阅读源码的一个很有效的方式。
Debug :
Spring框架默认的消息解析器超过20个, 红框圈选的是常见的参数解析器(本章节重点对着一部分进行介绍),如下所示:
上述26个参数解析器按照匹配条件类型可以分为:
【1】注解类型
根据Controller接口中参数是否拥有指定注解确定使用的参数解析器:
@RequestParam
-> RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver, RequestParamMapMethodArgumentResolver
@PathVariable
-> PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver, PathVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver
@MatrixVariable
-> MatrixVariableMethodArgumentResolver, MatrixVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver
@ModelAttribute
-> ModelAttributeMethodProcessor
@RequestBody
-> RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor
@RequestPart
-> RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver
@RequestHeader
-> RequestHeaderMethodArgumentResolver, RequestHeaderMapMethodArgumentResolver
@CookieValue
-> ServletCookieValueMethodArgumentResolver
@Value
-> ExpressionValueMethodArgumentResolver
@SessionAttribute
-> SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver
@RequestAttribute
-> RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver
上述参数解析器根据是否有对应注解(以及满足特定条件)确定是否匹配参数。
【2】参数类型
根据Controller接口中参数类型确定使用的参数解析器。
ServletResponse
及其子类, OutputStream
及其子类, Writer
及其子类 -> ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver
HttpEntity
, RequestEntity
-> HttpEntityMethodProcessor
RedirectAttributes
及其子类 -> RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver
Model
及其子类 -> ModelMethodProcessor
Errors
及其子类 -> ErrorsMethodArgumentResolver
SessionStatus
-> SessionStatusMethodArgumentResolver
UriComponentsBuilder
, ServletUriComponentsBuilder
-> UriComponentsBuilderMethodArgumentResolver
部分参数解析器的supportsParameter方法条件比较复杂,如下所示:
ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver:
支持的类型较多,如下所示:
javascript
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType();
return (WebRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
MultipartRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
(pushBuilder != null && pushBuilder.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) ||
Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpMethod.class == paramType ||
Locale.class == paramType ||
TimeZone.class == paramType ||
ZoneId.class == paramType);
}
MapMethodProcessor:
javascript
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.getParameterType()) &&
parameter.getParameterAnnotations().length == 0;
}
参数不能有注解,且参数为Map类型.
ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor:
javascript
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class) ||
(this.annotationNotRequired && !BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(parameter.getParameterType())));
}
该解析器在实例化时设置的annotationNotRequired为true,因此可以简化为:
java
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class) ||
!BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(parameter.getParameterType());
}
表示:参数有@ModelAttribute注解或者BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(parameter.getParameterType())返回false;
java
public static boolean isSimpleProperty(Class<?> type) {
// 如果类型是数据调用isSimpleValueType判读数组的元素
return isSimpleValueType(type) || type.isArray() && isSimpleValueType(type.getComponentType());
}
public static boolean isSimpleValueType(Class<?> type) {
return Void.class != type && Void.TYPE != type
&& (ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(type) || Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Number.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Date.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Temporal.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || URI.class == type || URL.class == type || Locale.class == type || Class.class == type);
}
即:参数类型(或参数数组的元素类型)是Void或Void.TYPE或者均不是(Enum,Number,CharSequence,Locale,...)类型的才会匹配。
2.2 常用注解及消息解析器
略(待补充)
3.使用方式
案例从请求url中解析出name和age、从HTTP请求头中解析出token、并获取当前服务器时间,用于构造User对象,并传参给Controller接口。
定义参数类:
javascript
@Data
public class User {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String token;
private LocalDateTime time;
}
定义Controller接口:
javascript
@GetMapping("/test")
public Object queryByType(User user) {
return user;
}
自定义参数解析器:
javascript
public class MyArgumentResolver implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return parameter.getParameterType().equals(User.class);
}
@Override
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
User user = new User();
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) webRequest.getNativeRequest();
user.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
user.setAge(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age")));
user.setToken(request.getHeader("token"));
user.setTime(LocalDateTime.now());
return user;
}
}
将参数解析器注册到容器中:
javascript
@Configuration
public class BaseWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers) {
argumentResolvers.add(new MyArgumentResolver());
}
}
使用postman调用测试结果如下: