阿里云对象存储OSS SDK的使用

官方文档

https://help.aliyun.com/zh/oss/developer-reference/java

准备工作

  • windows安装好JDK,这里使用JDK1.8为例

  • windows安装好IDEA,这里使用IDEA2022

  • 登录阿里云控制台,通过免费试用OSS或开通OSS

步骤

配置访问凭证

有临时和长期访问凭证,简单起见,这里使用长期访问凭证。

配置RAM用户的访问密钥

1.创建RAM用户

登录阿里云,搜索访问控制,进入RAM 访问控制

在RAM 访问控制中,创建RAM用户

填写用户信息,勾选相关访问方式,点击确定

安全验证,根据提示进行其中一个验证。

得到RAM用户的相关信息,例如登录名称、登录密码、AccessKey ID和Access Secret

点击用户,找到刚创建的RAM用户一行,点击添加权限

添加AliyunOSSFullAccess权限

2.配置RAM用户的访问密钥。

有两种方式配置RAM用户的访问密钥

  • 设置环境变量
  • 代码嵌入
    把AccessKey ID和Access Secret设置在环境变量里比直接代码嵌入的方式更加安全些,两种方式选择其中之一即可。
设置环境变量

打开cmd命令行。

执行以下命令配置RAM用户的访问密钥。

set OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=LTAI4GDty8ab9W4Y1D****
set OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=IrVTNZNy5yQelTETg0cZML3TQn**** 

注意: OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET修改为对应AccessKey ID和Access Secret的值。

执行以下命令以使更改生效。

setx OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID "%OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%"
setx OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET "%OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET%"

这个过程其实是往用户的环境变量里设置相应的值(用图形界面设置也一样)

执行以下命令验证环境变量配置。

echo %OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%
echo %OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET%

成功返回示例如下:

LTAI4GDty8ab9W4Y1D****
IrVTNZNy5yQelTETg0cZML3TQn**** 

从环境变量中获取RAM用户的访问密钥。

java 复制代码
// 使用环境变量中获取的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();

注意:设置环境变量后,如果之前已经打开IDEA,后面使用代码去获取环境变量时,需要重启IDEA,才能获取到新的环境变量设置。否则获取到的环境变量为null

代码嵌入
java 复制代码
// RAM用户的访问密钥(AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret)。
String accessKeyId = "yourAccessKeyId";
String accessKeySecret = "yourAccessKeySecret";
// 使用代码嵌入的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialProvider(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);

代码开发

1. 创建maven工程

打开IDEA->点击File->New Project

2. 添加sdk依赖
xml 复制代码
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
            <artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
            <version>3.15.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

刷新依赖

3. 功能代码开发

使用SDK API实现创建Bucket、列举Bucket文件、上传文件、下载文件、删除文件。代码参考官方帮助文档。

代码结构如下:

创建Bucket
java 复制代码
package org.example;

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;

public class CreateBucketDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // 创建存储空间。
            ossClient.createBucket(bucketName);

        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

*注意:修改endpointbucketName bucketName 不能有重复。

运行后,在阿里云控制台查看到bucket创建成功如下

可以手动上传一些文件到bucket里,点击Bucket名称

进入bucket文件列表页面,通过上传文件创建目录等方式让Bucket里得到一些目录和文件。

列举Bucket文件
java 复制代码
package org.example;

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.DefaultCredentialProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.OSSObjectSummary;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectListing;

public class ListFileDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";

        // 嵌入代码
        // RAM用户的访问密钥(AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret)。注意修改xxx的值
        String accessKeyId = "xxx";
        String accessKeySecret = "xxx";
        // 使用代码嵌入的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
        CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialProvider(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);

        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
//        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // ossClient.listObjects返回ObjectListing实例,包含此次listObject请求的返回结果。
            ObjectListing objectListing = ossClient.listObjects(bucketName);
            // objectListing.getObjectSummaries获取所有文件的描述信息。
            for (OSSObjectSummary objectSummary : objectListing.getObjectSummaries()) {
                System.out.println(" - " + objectSummary.getKey() + "  " +
                        "(size = " + objectSummary.getSize() + ")");
            }
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

使用代码嵌入的方式得到RAM用户的访问密钥。
注意修改accessKeyIdaccessKeySecret的值。

运行代码能看到一些文件

上传文件
java 复制代码
package org.example;

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

public class UploadFileDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";
        // 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。
        String objectName = "file/uploadobject1.txt";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            String content = "Hello OSS";
            ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()));
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行后,查看阿里云控制台,多了一个uploadobject1.txt文件,

可以验证uploadobject1.txt的内容为

Hello OSS
下载文件
java 复制代码
package org.example;

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.OSSObject;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class DownloadFileDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";
        // 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。
        String objectName = "file/emp.sql";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // 调用ossClient.getObject返回一个OSSObject实例,该实例包含文件内容及文件元信息。
            OSSObject ossObject = ossClient.getObject(bucketName, objectName);
            // 调用ossObject.getObjectContent获取文件输入流,可读取此输入流获取其内容。
            InputStream content = ossObject.getObjectContent();
            if (content != null) {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content));
                while (true) {
                    String line = reader.readLine();
                    if (line == null) {
                      break;
                    }
                    System.out.println("\n" + line);//这里简单打印每行内容
                }
                // 数据读取完成后,获取的流必须关闭,否则会造成连接泄漏,导致请求无连接可用,程序无法正常工作。
                content.close();
            }
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行程序,看到emp.sql的内容

删除文件
java 复制代码
package org.example;

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;

public class DeleteFileDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";
        // 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。
        String objectName = "file/uploadobject1.txt";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // 删除文件。
            ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName);
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行程序后,刷新Bucket列表,看到file/uploadobject1.txt被删除了。

代码总结:

在使用OSS SDK时,需要先创建OSSClient实例ossClient,然后调用对应API方法。例如:

  • 创建Bucket: ossClient.createBucket(bucketName)
  • 列举Bucket文件: ossClient.listObjects(bucketName)
  • 上传文件:ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()))
  • 下载文件:ossClient.getObject(bucketName, objectName).getObjectContent()
  • 删除文件:ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName)

完成!enjoy it!

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