文章目录
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- [线程 pthread](#线程 pthread)
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- [线程 vs 进程](#线程 vs 进程)
- [线程退出 等待 消息传递](#线程退出 等待 消息传递)
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- [join:等待,传参void*; exit:退出,对参数赋值void**;](#join:等待,传参void*; exit:退出,对参数赋值void**;)
- [互斥锁 mutex](#互斥锁 mutex)
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- [互斥锁mutex+条件cond_等待wait、触发signal 控制线程执行](#互斥锁mutex+条件cond_等待wait、触发signal 控制线程执行)
- [补充: 宏-静态初始化 互斥锁/条件](#补充: 宏-静态初始化 互斥锁/条件)
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线程 pthread
线程 vs 进程
线程:直接用主程序的内存地址,所以如果在线程里改主程序变量,就是直接改;
线程vs进程:
a.比进程快大概30倍,不需要复制完全一样的内存来创建运行,直接使用主程序的内存;
b.没有进程那么健壮,子线程蹦了,就都崩了;
而对进程而言,子进程崩了,父进程不受影响继续执行;
线程退出 等待 消息传递
join:等待,传参void*; exit:退出,对参数赋值void**;
javascript
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
//创建线程
//int pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict tidp, const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, void *(*start_rtn)(void *), void *restrict arg);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
//子线程执行函数func1里的pthread_exit负责将void* 传递给主线程的pthread_joi的void **参数;
//int pthread_exit(void *rval_ptr);
// int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **rval_ptr);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
void *func1(void * arg)
{
static char data[] = "I am ok! thanks!";
printf("t1 id:%d\n",(int)pthread_self());
printf("t1 arg data:%s\n",(char* )arg);
pthread_exit((void* )data);
}
int main()
{
pthread_t t1;
char arg[] = "Are you ok?";
char data1[1024];
memset(data1,'\0',sizeof(data1));
printf("main id:%d\n",(int)pthread_self());
int creatN = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1, (void*)arg);
//创建其他线程,也是类似操作: 定义好执行函数func2,和传入的形参arg2即可;
//pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2, (void*)arg2);
void* ret;
pthread_join(t1,&ret);
strcpy(data1, (char*)ret);
printf("t1 return data:%s\n",data1);
return 0;
}
互斥锁 mutex
互斥锁:我上锁,你就不能用了,除非我解锁了,你才能用;
配合线程使用;
互斥锁mutex+条件cond_等待wait、触发signal 控制线程执行
//例:
javascript
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/*-----------------------------------------------------*/
// 创建互斥锁变量
//pthread_mutex_t 锁名
// 初始化及销毁互斥锁
// int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
// int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t mutex);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
//上锁 例:pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
//解锁 例:pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
/*-----------------------------------------------------*/
// 创建条件变量
//pthread_cond_t 条件名
// 初始化及销毁条件变量
// int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr); //消息只给一个线程
// int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond); //广播给所有线程
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
// 等待
// int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex);
// int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, cond struct timespec *restrict timeout);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
//触发
// int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
// int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
/*-----------------------------------------------------*/
int numNB = 0;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t cond;
void *func1(void * arg)
{
printf("t1 id:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
printf("t1 get main data:%s\n",(char* )arg);
while(1){
pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex);
printf("--------------------\n");
printf("t1:%d\n",numNB++);
printf("--------------------\n");
sleep(1);
numNB = 0;
}
}
void *func2(void * arg)
{
printf("t2 id:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
printf("t2 get main data:%s\n",(char* )arg);
while(1){
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
printf("t2:%d\n",numNB++);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
if(numNB == 3){
pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
}
sleep(1);
}
}
int main()
{
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&cond,NULL);
pthread_t t1,t2;
void* ret;
char arg[] = "Are you ok?";
char data1[1024];
memset(data1,'\0',sizeof(data1));
int creatN1 = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1, (void*)arg);
int creatN2 = pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2, (void*)arg);
printf("main id:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
pthread_join(t1,&ret);
pthread_join(t2,&ret);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);
return 0;
}
补充: 宏-静态初始化 互斥锁/条件
javascript{.line-numbers}
//在main函数里,不用宏,pthread_mutex_init() 正常初始化锁/条件的,即为动态初始化
//例:
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
int main()
{
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
return 0;
}
//在定义互斥锁/条件变量时,使用默认宏直接完成初始化,即为静态初始化
//例:
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;