Flask之手搓bootstrap翻页

使用bootstrap框架的翻页组件时，记起在学习使用laravel框架的时候，只需要添加相应的功能代码，就可以直接使用翻页组件了，但缺少自定义，或者说自定义起来有点麻烦。

自己手搓翻页组件，不仅能加深对flask的认识，也更熟悉了前后代码之间的传递关系。

bootstrap翻页组件只有样式，如何把它变为自己想要的样子，做之前还需要在大脑里有个大概的形态。比如页面少时，有几页就显示几页，页数多时，就可以显示开始的和结束的页面，让人可以一目了然的知道，一共有多少页码。

页数少的时候，像这样：

页面多的时候，像这样：

这里面的数据，都是从omdb api里拉取的，详情可以看这个：flask之jinjia模板语法，拉取omdb api-CSDN博客

这次手搓翻页组件、控件，主要是为了自己的需求来做的。当当前页为第一页时，前翻按钮为禁用状态，当当前页为最后一页的时候，向后翻的按钮同样为禁用状态。

上代码：

python 复制代码

from flask import Flask, render_template, request
import requests
import math
import json

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/', methods=["GET"])
# @app.route('/?s=<s>&page=<page>', methods=["GET"])
def main():
    s = request.args.get("s")
    page = request.args.get("page")
    if page is None:
        page = 1
    else:
        page = int(request.args.get("page"))
    if s is None:
        s = 'superman'
    # Here is your key: 4ee0241e
    # OMDb API: http://www.omdbapi.com/?i=tt3896198&apikey=4ee0241e
    # rawData = requests.get("http://www.omdbapi.com/?apikey=4ee0241e&s=batman&page=1")
    rawData = requests.get(f"http://www.omdbapi.com/?apikey=4ee0241e&s={s}&page={page}")
    movies = rawData.json()
    pages = math.ceil(int(movies["totalResults"]) / 10)
    data = dict(
        movies=movies,
        active1="active",
        active2="",
        pages=pages,
        page=page,
        s=s,
    )
    return render_template("index.html", data=data)


@app.route('/', methods=["POST"])
def search():
    s = request.form["name"]
    page = 1
    rawData = requests.get(f"http://www.omdbapi.com/?apikey=4ee0241e&s={s}&page={page}")
    movies = rawData.json()
    pages = math.ceil(int(movies["totalResults"]) / 10)
    data = dict(
        movies=movies,
        active1="active",
        active2="",
        pages=pages,
        page=page,
        s=s,
    )
    return render_template("index.html", data=data)


@app.route('/<imdbID>')
def movie_by_title(imdbID):
    # rawData = requests.get("http://www.omdbapi.com/?apikey=4ee0241e&i={}".format(imdbID))
    rawData = requests.get(f"http://www.omdbapi.com/?apikey=4ee0241e&i={imdbID}")
    movie = rawData.json()
    data = dict(
        movie=movie,
        active1="",
        active2="active",
    )
    return render_template("movie.html", data=data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

这次的路由只有三种，一是"/"根目录，有get和post状态2个路由，还有一个搜索search的post表单提交后展示电影详情页面的路由'/<imdbID>'。

目录结构：

模板代码：

footer.html

html 复制代码

<div class="mt-3">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
            integrity="sha384-C6RzsynM9kWDrMNeT87bh95OGNyZPhcTNXj1NW7RuBCsyN/o0jlpcV8Qyq46cDfL"
            crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</div>

header.html

html 复制代码

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>母版</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"
      integrity="sha384-T3c6CoIi6uLrA9TneNEoa7RxnatzjcDSCmG1MXxSR1GAsXEV/Dwwykc2MPK8M2HN" crossorigin="anonymous">

home.html

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    {% block head %}
        {% include './common/header.html' %}
    {% endblock %}
    <style>
        .card:hover {
            box-shadow: 10px 5px 5px #ccc;
        }

        .active {
            background: rgb(208, 216, 222);
        }

        .navbar {
            --bs-navbar-padding-y: 0;
        }

        .nav-link {
            padding: 20px;
        }

        .row > * {
            padding-left: 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
{% block nav %}
    {% include './common/nav.html' %}
{% endblock %}
<div class="container mt-3">
    <div class="row">
        {% block content %}
        {% endblock %}
    </div>
</div>
{% block footer %}
    {% include './common/footer.html' %}
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

nav.html

html 复制代码

<div class="contain  bg-body-tertiary">
    <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg container">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <a class="navbar-brand">电影</a>
            <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse"
                    data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent"
                    aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
            </button>
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
                <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">
                    <li class="nav-item {{ data["active1"] }}">
                        <a class="nav-link" aria-current="page" href="/">首页</a>
                    </li>
                    <li class="nav-item {{ data["active2"] }}">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="javascript:(0)">详情</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <form class="d-flex" role="search" method="post" action="{{ url_for('search') }}">
                    <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" name="name" placeholder="搜索影片" value="{{ data.s }}"
                           aria-label="Search">
                    <button class="btn btn-outline-success" type="submit">search</button>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>

index.html

html 复制代码

{% extends "common/home.html" %}

{% block content %}
    {% for movie in data["movies"].Search %}
        <div class="col text-center mt-3">
            <div class="card" style="height: 510px;overflow: hidden;width: 240px;">
                <img src="{{ movie.Poster }}" height="350" class="card-img-top" alt="...">
                <div class="card-body">
                    <h5 class="card-title" style="height: 48px;">{{ movie.Title[:35] }}</h5>
                    <p class="card-text">{{ movie.Year }}</p>
                    <a href="/{{ movie.imdbID }}" class="btn btn-primary">详情</a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    {#    翻页    #}
    {% if data.pages>0 %}
        <div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center">
            <div class="mt-3 mb-5">
                <nav aria-label="Page navigation example">

                    <ul class="pagination pagination-lg justify-content-center">
                        <li class="page-item {{ 'disabled' if data.page==1 else '' }}">
                            <a class="page-link" href="/?s={{ data.s }}&page={{ data.page -  1 }}"
                               aria-label="Previous">
                                <span aria-hidden="true"><<</span>
                            </a>
                        </li>
                        {% if data.pages<8 %}
                            {% for i in range(data.pages) %}
                                <li class="page-item"><a
                                        class="page-link {{ 'disabled' if data.page == i + 1 else '' }}"
                                        href="/?s={{ data.s }}&page={{ i + 1 }}">
                                    {{ i + 1 }}</a>
                                </li>
                            {% endfor %}
                        {% elif data.pages>=8 %}
                            {% for i in range(3) %}
                                {% if data.pages - 5 > data.page %}
                                    <li class="page-item"><a
                                            class="page-link {{ 'disabled' if data.page == i + data.page else '' }}"
                                            href="/?s={{ data.s }}&page={{ i + data.page }}">
                                        {{ i + data.page }}</a>
                                    </li>
                                {% else %}
                                    <li class="page-item"><a
                                            class="page-link {{ 'disabled' if data.page == i + data.pages - 5 else '' }}"
                                            href="/?s={{ data.s }}&page={{ data.pages - 5 + i }}">
                                        {{ i + data.pages - 5 }}</a>
                                    </li>
                                {% endif %}
                            {% endfor %}
                            <li class="page-item}">
                                <a class="page-link" href="javascript:(0)">
                                    <span aria-hidden="true">...</span>
                                </a>
                            </li>
                            {% for i in range(3)[::-1] %}
                                <li class="page-item"><a
                                        class="page-link {{ 'disabled' if data.page == data.pages - i else '' }}"
                                        href="/?s={{ data.s }}&page={{ data.pages - i }}">
                                    {{ data.pages - i }}</a>
                                </li>
                            {% endfor %}
                        {% endif %}
                        <li class="page-item {{ 'disabled' if data.page==data.pages else '' }}">
                            <a class="page-link" href="#" aria-label="Next">
                                <span aria-hidden="true">>></span>
                            </a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>

                </nav>
            </div>
        </div>
    {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

movie.html

html 复制代码

{% extends "common/home.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center">
        <div class="card mb-3" style="max-width: 1080px;">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-4">
                    <img src="{{ data["movie"].Poster }}" class="img-fluid rounded-start" alt="...">
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-8">
                    <div class="card-body">
                        <h5 class="card-title">{{ data["movie"].Title }}</h5>
                        <p class="card-text">Year:{{ data["movie"].Year }}</p>
                        <p class="card-text">Runtime:{{ data["movie"].Runtime }}</p>
                        <p class="card-text">Actors:{{ data["movie"].Actors }}</p>
                        <p class="card-text">{{ data["movie"].Actors }}</p>
                        <p class="card-text">{{ data["movie"].Year }}</p>
                        <p class="card-text"><small class="text-body-secondary">{{ data["movie"].Plot }}</small></p>
                    </div>
                    <div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center">
                        <a href="{{ url_for("main") }}" class="btn btn-success">返回</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

里面容易绕圈圈的是，首页默认会有搜索词及内容，点击搜索按钮后，也是跳转到首页页面，显示搜索的内容，翻页也是在首页模板里面进行翻页。之前考虑使用

url_for()

url_for函数来进行跳转，发现这样的话，在循环翻页按钮的时候，怎么批量生成翻页按钮难住我了。这样不如直接获取链接地址里面的参数，来实现页面跳转。如果单独写一个

'/?s=<s>&page=<page>'

这样的路由，发现根本不起作用，起作用的还是'/'这个路由，只有使用函数url_for才能指定路由函数名称，才会执行，否则就是'/'起作用了。