最近要实现一个在线聊天功能，基于fastapi的websocket实现了这个功能。下面介绍一下遇到的技术问题
1.问题难点
在线上环境部署时，一般是多进程的方式进行部署启动fastapi服务，而每个启动的进程都有自己的独立存储空间。导致存储的连接对象分布在不同的进程中，当进行通信时，可能无法找到已连接的连接对象。
2.解决方案
使用使用redis的订阅发布机制，使所有的进程都能进行消息订阅。这样能保证每个进程收到消息后都会进行相关的信息处理了。
3.方案设计
- 每个进程启动的时候都进行一个消息的订阅。
- 通过http请求，进行消息发布。
- 每个进程收到发布的消息后，进行判断是否由自己进行处理。
4.代码实现
①在服务启动时，进行消息订阅，并一直监听消息通道。当有消息发布时，进行消息处理。
python
# 初始化app
app = FastAPI(title="Ws Chat", description="测试", version="1.0.0")
app.openapi_version = "3.0.0"
app.include_router(chat.app, prefix='/api/chat', tags=['Chat'])
@app.on_event('startup')
async def on_startup():
print(f"订阅初始化:{os.getpid()}")
# 执行消息订阅机制https://aioredis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.create_task(register_pubsub())
async def reader(channel):
# 进行消息的消费
async for msg in channel.listen(): # 监听通道
# print(msg)
msg_data = msg.get("data")
if msg_data and isinstance(msg_data, str):
msg_data_dict = json.loads(msg_data)
print(f"chat:{msg_data_dict}")
sender = msg_data_dict.get("sender")
# 进行消息处理
await chat.cm.handle_websocket_message(msg_data_dict, sender)
async def register_pubsub():
pool = aioredis.from_url(
"redis://{}".format(host), db=db, password=password, port=port, encoding="utf-8", decode_responses=True
)
psub = pool.pubsub()
async with psub as p:
# 消息订阅
await p.subscribe("chat")
await reader(p)
await p.unsubscribe("chat")②websocket处理类
python
from fastapi import WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect
class ConnectionManager:
def __init__(self):
# 保存当前所有的链接的websocket对象
self.websocket_connections = {}
async def connect(self, websocket: WebSocket, client_id):
# 添加连接并发送欢迎消息
await websocket.accept()
self.websocket_connections[client_id] = websocket
await websocket.send_json({"type": "system",
"msg": "Welcome to the chat app!",
"sender": "system",
"recipient": client_id})
try:
# 处理消息
while True:
# 获取信息
message = await websocket.receive_json()
# 处理发送信息
await self.handle_websocket_message(message, client_id)
except WebSocketDisconnect:
# 连接断开时移除连接
del self.websocket_connections[client_id]
async def handle_websocket_message(self, message: dict, client_id):
# 处理私聊消息
if message.get("type") == "private_message":
recipient = message.get("recipient")
msg = message.get("msg")
recipient_conn = self.websocket_connections.get(recipient)
if recipient_conn:
# 在线
await recipient_conn.send_json({"type": "private_message",
"sender": client_id,
"msg": msg,
"recipient": recipient})
async def broadcast(self, message: dict):
# 循环变量给所有在线激活的链接发送消息-全局广播
for connection in self.websocket_connections:
await connection.send_text(message)
async def close(self, websocket: WebSocket, client_id):
# 断开客户端的链接
await websocket.close()
del self.websocket_connections[client_id]
async def disconnect(self, user_id):
websocket: WebSocket = self.websocket_connections[user_id]
await websocket.close()
del self.websocket_connections[user_id]③websocket连接
python
from app.chat_manager.server import ConnectionManager
cm = ConnectionManager()
@app.websocket("/connect_chat")
async def connect_chat(websocket: WebSocket, user_code: str):
try:
await cm.connect(websocket, user_code)
except WebSocketDisconnect:
# 连接断开时移除连接
del cm.websocket_connections[user_code]④http请求进行消息发布
python
@app.post("/create_chat", summary="发起聊天")
async def create_chat(param: DiagnosisChatSch, r=Depends(get_redis)):
"""
"""
ws_param = {"type": "private_message",
"msg": param.msg,
"sender": param.sender,
"recipient": param.recipient}
# 进行消息发布
await r.publish('diagnosis_chat', json.dumps(ws_param))
return {'code': 200, 'msg': '成功', 'data': ''}5.源码
github源码地址：https://github.com/zhangyukuo/fastapi_ws_chat