termux_ubuntu 系统配置

1、添加新用户

由于 termux/ubuntu 默认创建和登录的是 root 用户，root 用户的 home 目录在 /root 下，这个使用起来很不方便，使用 root 用户也不太习惯，有必要创建新用户

# 创建新用户
useradd -d /home/new_user_name -m new_user_nem	# 新用户 home 目录是 /home/new_user_name，新用户用户名是 -m 后的 new_user_name

# 切户到新建的用户
su new_user_name
cd	# 进入 new_user_name 的 home 目录
# 设置新用户密码
passwd new_user_name
whoami	# 查看当前用户

2、安装图形桌面

桌面环境没什么额外的用途，只是徒增资源消耗，就不装了。大部分的开发需求都可以通过在电脑安装的 vscode 使用 ssh 远程连接满足

3、环境配置

• 切换 shell 为 bash

  termux 默认使用 sh shell，使用起来会很不习惯，可以切换为习惯的 shell

  # 查看当前 shell
  echo $SHELL	# 通用
  echo $0		# 部分 shell 不支持
  
  # 查看系统中安装了哪些shell
  cat /etc/shells
  # termux ubuntu 一般默认有 /bin/sh /bin/bash /bin/rbash /bin/dash 等 shell
  
  # 通过修改 /etc/passwd文件来修改用户的默认 shell
  vim /etc/passwd
  # 把文件中对应用户的那一行最后的 shell 修改为目标 shell
  # 重新登录用户即可

• 更换镜像源（在 termux ubuntu 中不需要在更换源，更换后可能会导致装软件的时候无法定位到对应的包）

  # 备份镜像源列表
  cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bk
  # 编辑镜像源列表文件，这里替换的是中科大的镜像源
  #  中科大源
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  
  # 国内的其他源
  #  阿里源
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  
   # 清华源
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  
  #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20210819)]/ focal main restricted
  
  # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
  # newer versions of the distribution.
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
  
  ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
  ## distribution.
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
  
  ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
  ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
  
  ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
  ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
  ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
  ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
  ## security team.
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
  
  ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
  ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
  ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
  ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
  ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
  deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  
  ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
  ## 'partner' repository.
  ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
  ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
  # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
  # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
  
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
  # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
  # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
  # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
  
  # This system was installed using small removable media
  # (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
  # entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
  # For information about how to configure apt package sources,
  # see the sources.list(5) manual.

• a wrong operation

  当使用新添加的用户使用 apt 安装软件的时候，可能会出现报错

  这个可能和 termux 对多用户支持不好有关，因此还是不要使用新用户了，避免掉进其他的坑，直接使用 root 吧

  使用 root 安装软件则没有这个问题

• 更新 pip 源

  # 注意使用 root 用户
  cd
  mkdir .pip
  vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
  # 文件中添加内容
  [global]
  index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
  [install]
  trusted-host=pypi.douban.com

• 常用工具安装

  • sudo apt install net-tools

  • sudo apt install gcc

  • sudo apt install g++

  • sudo apt install cmake

  • apt install pipx

    安装这个包的原因主要是在使用 pip 安装 python 包的时候，可能会有报错

    安装完 pipx 之后，将其添加到 PATHpipx ensurepath

    接下来就可以使用 pipx install package_nme来安装 python 包

    另外，也可以强行安装

    pip install --upgrade  --force-reinstall package_name --break-system-packages