随着Web平台的发展,我们可以在其上构建丰富的应用程序。比如我们可以编写条码扫描或文档扫描的Web应用,使用getUserMedia
获取视频帧以用于实时分析。
条码扫描可能不需要高分辨率,但文档扫描通常需要拍摄高分辨率的照片。
在本文中,我们将构建一个demo web应用,以说明在浏览器中拍摄高分辨率照片的方法。它主要使用以下方式:
- 使用WebRTC的getUserMedia在
video
元素中开启相机预览,并使用canvas
元素捕获帧。此外有一个Image Capture API,可以拍摄分辨率高于相机预览的照片。但该API的浏览器的支持有限。 - 使用
input
元素调用HTML Media Capture API,即<input type="file" name="image" accept="image/*" capture>
。它能调用系统的相机应用来拍照。
新建HTML文件
创建一个包含以下内容的新HTML文件:
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Take a High Resolution Photo</title>
<style>
.home {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
flex-direction: column;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="home">
<h2>Take a Photo</h2>
</div>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>
使用getUserMedia拍照
-
页面加载完成后,请求相机权限。
jswindow.onload = async function() { await requestCameraPermission(); } async function requestCameraPermission() { const constraints = {video: true, audio: false}; const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints); const tracks = stream.getTracks(); for (let i=0;i<tracks.length;i++) { const track = tracks[i]; track.stop(); // stop the opened camera } }
-
在
select
元素中列出相机设备。HTML:
html<label> Camera: <select id="cameraSelect"></select> </label>
JavaScript:
jsconst cameraSelect = document.getElementById("cameraSelect"); window.onload = async function() { await loadCameraDevices(); loadCameraDevicesToSelect(); } async function loadCameraDevices(){ const constraints = {video: true, audio: false}; const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints); const devices = await navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices(); for (let i=0;i<devices.length;i++){ let device = devices[i]; if (device.kind == 'videoinput'){ // filter out audio devices cameraDevices.push(device); } } const tracks = stream.getTracks(); // stop the camera to avoid the NotReadableError for (let i=0;i<tracks.length;i++) { const track = tracks[i]; track.stop(); } } function loadCameraDevicesToSelect(){ for (let i=0;i<cameraDevices.length;i++){ let device = cameraDevices[i]; cameraSelect.appendChild(new Option(device.label,device.deviceId)) } }
-
启动选定的相机,并在
video
元素中显示相机预览。jsdocument.getElementById("startCameraBtn").addEventListener('click', (event) => { console.log("start camera"); let options = {}; if (cameraSelect.selectedIndex != -1) { options.deviceId = cameraSelect.selectedOptions[0].value; } play(options); }); function play(options) { stop(); // close before play video.style.display = "block"; let constraints = {}; if (options.deviceId){ constraints = { video: {deviceId: options.deviceId}, audio: false } }else{ constraints = { video: {width:1280, height:720,facingMode: { exact: "environment" }}, audio: false } } navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints).then(function(stream) { localStream = stream; // Attach local stream to video element video.srcObject = stream; }).catch(function(err) { console.error('getUserMediaError', err, err.stack); }); } function stop() { try{ if (localStream){ const tracks = localStream.getTracks(); for (let i=0;i<tracks.length;i++) { const track = tracks[i]; track.stop(); } } } catch (e){ alert(e.message); } };
-
使用
canvas
元素捕获帧。在HTML中附加一个
canvas
元素,然后使用它来捕获相机帧并在img
元素中显示。HTML:
html<button id="takePhotoBtn">Take Photo</button> <video class="camera" muted autoplay="autoplay" playsinline="playsinline" webkit-playsinline></video> <br/> <canvas id="hiddenCanvas"></canvas> <img id="photoTaken" />
JavaScript:
jsdocument.getElementById("takePhotoBtn").addEventListener('click', async (event) => { let src; src = captureFrame(); document.getElementById("photoTaken").src = src; }); function captureFrame(){ let w = video.videoWidth; let h = video.videoHeight; canvas.width = w; canvas.height = h; let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'); ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, w, h); return canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg") }
-
指定高分辨率,以捕获高质量的视频帧。
我们可以在
select
中定义几个常见的分辨率,并尝试使用所选的分辨率。HTML:
html<label> Desired Resolution: <select id="resolutionSelect"> <option value="640x480">640x480</option> <option value="1280x720">1280x720</option> <option value="1920x1080">1920x1080</option> <option value="3840x2160">3840x2160</option> </select> </label>
我们需要在
getUserMadia
的约束中指定分辨率。jsfunction play(options){ if (options.deviceId){ constraints = { video: {deviceId: options.deviceId}, audio: false } }else{ constraints = { video: {width:1280, height:720,facingMode: { exact: "environment" }}, audio: false } } if (resolutionSelect.selectedIndex != -1) { let width = parseInt(resolutionSelect.selectedOptions[0].value.split("x")[0]); let height = parseInt(resolutionSelect.selectedOptions[0].value.split("x")[1]); constraints["video"]["width"] = width; constraints["video"]["height"] = height; } //... }
-
使用Image Capture API拍照
如果浏览器支持Image Capture API,我们可以使用它来拍照,而不是用canvas来捕捉帧。
jsdocument.getElementById("takePhotoBtn").addEventListener('click', async (event) => { let src; if ("ImageCapture" in window) { try { const track = localStream.getVideoTracks()[0]; let imageCapture = new ImageCapture(track); let blob = await imageCapture.takePhoto(); src = URL.createObjectURL(blob); }catch(e) { src = captureFrame(); } }else{ src = captureFrame(); } document.getElementById("photoTaken").src = src; });
-
显示所拍摄图像的大小。
jsdocument.getElementById("photoTaken").onload = function(){ let img = document.getElementById("photoTaken"); document.getElementById("info").innerText = "Image Width: " + img.naturalWidth +"\nImage Height: " + img.naturalHeight; }
使用input元素拍照
-
添加用于选择图像文件的
input
元素。html<button id="loadFileBtn"> Load File </button> <input type="file" id="file" onchange="loadImageFromFile();" accept=".jpg,.jpeg,.png,.bmp" />
这里这个
input
元素被隐藏,并通过按钮触发。jsdocument.getElementById("loadFileBtn").addEventListener('click', async (event) => { document.getElementById("file").click(); });
-
选择图像文件后,将其加载到
img
元素中。jsfunction loadImageFromFile(){ let fileInput = document.getElementById("file"); let files = fileInput.files; if (files.length == 0) { return; } let file = files[0]; fileReader = new FileReader(); fileReader.onload = function(e){ document.getElementById("photoTaken").src = e.target.result; }; fileReader.onerror = function () { console.warn('oops, something went wrong.'); }; fileReader.readAsDataURL(file); }
使用哪种方式
如果需要在拍照前进行实时图像处理,则需要使用getUserMedia
方法。
如果只需要拍摄高分辨率的照片,可以使用input
元素。
源代码
欢迎下载源代码并尝试使用:
还有一个文档扫描的demo应用,可以捕捉高分辨率照片:github.com/tony-xlh/Im...。它使用Dynamsoft Document Normalizer检测文档边界并更正文档图像。