状态机设计:3 段式(推荐)
状态机设计如下:
(0) 首先,根据状态机的个数确定状态机编码。利用编码给状态寄存器赋值,代码可读性更好。
(1) 状态机第一段,时序逻辑,非阻塞赋值,传递寄存器的状态。
(2) 状态机第二段,组合逻辑,阻塞赋值,根据当前状态和当前输入,确定下一个状态机的状态。
(3) 状态机第三代,时序逻辑,非阻塞赋值,因为是 Mealy 型状态机,根据当前状态和当前输入,确定输出信号。
c
// vending-machine
// 2 yuan for a bottle of drink
// only 2 coins supported: 5 jiao and 1 yuan
// finish the function of selling and changing
module vending_machine_p3 (
input clk ,
input rstn ,
input [1:0] coin , //01 for 0.5 jiao, 10 for 1 yuan
output [1:0] change ,
output sell //output the drink
);
//machine state decode
parameter IDLE = 3'd0 ;
parameter GET05 = 3'd1 ;
parameter GET10 = 3'd2 ;
parameter GET15 = 3'd3 ;
//machine variable
reg [2:0] st_next ;
reg [2:0] st_cur ;
//(1) state transfer
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn) begin
if (!rstn) begin
st_cur <= 'b0 ;
end
else begin
st_cur <= st_next ;
end
end
//(2) state switch, using block assignment for combination-logic
//all case items need to be displayed completely
always @(*) begin
//st_next = st_cur ;//如果条件选项考虑不全,可以赋初值消除latch
case(st_cur)
IDLE:
case (coin)
2'b01: st_next = GET05 ;
2'b10: st_next = GET10 ;
default: st_next = IDLE ;
endcase
GET05:
case (coin)
2'b01: st_next = GET10 ;
2'b10: st_next = GET15 ;
default: st_next = GET05 ;
endcase
GET10:
case (coin)
2'b01: st_next = GET15 ;
2'b10: st_next = IDLE ;
default: st_next = GET10 ;
endcase
GET15:
case (coin)
2'b01,2'b10:
st_next = IDLE ;
default: st_next = GET15 ;
endcase
default: st_next = IDLE ;
endcase
end
//(3) output logic, using non-block assignment
reg [1:0] change_r ;
reg sell_r ;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn) begin
if (!rstn) begin
change_r <= 2'b0 ;
sell_r <= 1'b0 ;
end
else if ((st_cur == GET15 && coin ==2'h1)
|| (st_cur == GET10 && coin ==2'd2)) begin
change_r <= 2'b0 ;
sell_r <= 1'b1 ;
end
else if (st_cur == GET15 && coin == 2'h2) begin
change_r <= 2'b1 ;
sell_r <= 1'b1 ;
end
else begin
change_r <= 2'b0 ;
sell_r <= 1'b0 ;
end
end
assign sell = sell_r ;
assign change = change_r ;
endmodule
状态机修改:2 段式
将 3 段式状态机 2、3 段描述合并,其他部分保持不变,状态机就变成了 2 段式描述。
修改部分如下:
c
//(2) state switch, and output logic
//all using block assignment for combination-logic
reg [1:0] change_r ;
reg sell_r ;
always @(*) begin //all case items need to be displayed completely
case(st_cur)
IDLE: begin
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b0 ;
case (coin)
2'b01: st_next = GET05 ;
2'b10: st_next = GET10 ;
default: st_next = IDLE ;
endcase // case (coin)
end
GET05: begin
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b0 ;
case (coin)
2'b01: st_next = GET10 ;
2'b10: st_next = GET15 ;
default: st_next = GET05 ;
endcase // case (coin)
end
GET10:
case (coin)
2'b01: begin
st_next = GET15 ;
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b0 ;
end
2'b10: begin
st_next = IDLE ;
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b1 ;
end
default: begin
st_next = GET10 ;
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b0 ;
end
endcase // case (coin)
GET15:
case (coin)
2'b01: begin
st_next = IDLE ;
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b1 ;
end
2'b10: begin
st_next = IDLE ;
change_r = 2'b1 ;
sell_r = 1'b1 ;
end
default: begin
st_next = GET15 ;
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b0 ;
end
endcase
default: begin
st_next = IDLE ;
change_r = 2'b0 ;
sell_r = 1'b0 ;
end
endcase
end
状态机修改:1 段式(慎用)
将 3 段式状态机 1、 2、3 段描述合并,状态机就变成了 1 段式描述。
修改部分如下:
c
//(1) using one state-variable do describe
reg [1:0] change_r ;
reg sell_r ;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn) begin
if (!rstn) begin
st_cur <= 'b0 ;
change_r <= 2'b0 ;
sell_r <= 1'b0 ;
end
else begin
case(st_cur)
IDLE: begin
change_r <= 2'b0 ;
sell_r <= 1'b0 ;
case (coin)
2'b01: st_cur <= GET05 ;
2'b10: st_cur <= GET10 ;
endcase
end
GET05: begin
case (coin)
2'b01: st_cur <= GET10 ;
2'b10: st_cur <= GET15 ;
endcase
end
GET10:
case (coin)
2'b01: st_cur <= GET15 ;
2'b10: begin
st_cur <= IDLE ;
sell_r <= 1'b1 ;
end
endcase
GET15:
case (coin)
2'b01: begin
st_cur <= IDLE ;
sell_r <= 1'b1 ;
end
2'b10: begin
st_cur <= IDLE ;
change_r <= 2'b1 ;
sell_r <= 1'b1 ;
end
endcase
default: begin
st_cur <= IDLE ;
end
endcase // case (st_cur)
end // else: !if(!rstn)
end