目录

ES API 批量操作 Bulk API

懒鸟一枚2024-01-14 18:31

bulk 是 elasticsearch 提供的一种批量增删改的操作API。

bulk 对 JSON串 有着严格的要求。每个JSON串 不能换行 ，只能放在同一行，同时， 相邻的JSON串之间必须要有换行 （Linux下是\n；Window下是\r\n）。bulk的每个操作必须要 一对JSON串 （delete语法除外）。

action必须是以下几种：

行为 解释
create 如果文档不存在就创建，但如果文档存在就返回错误 包含 。POSt和PUT 两种操作
index 如果文档不存在就创建，如果文档存在就更新，版本_version 会加1
update 更新一个文档，如果文档不存在就返回错误
delete 删除一个文档，如果要删除的文档id不存在，就返回错误

其实可以看得出来 index 是比较常用的。 bulk 请求不是原子操作，它们不能实现事务。每个请求操作时分开的，所以每个请求的成功与否不干扰其它操作。

Bulk一次最大处理多少数据量？

Bulk会把将要处理的数据载入内存中，所以数据量是有限制的，最佳的数据量不是一个确定的数值，它取决于你的硬件，你的文档大小以及复杂性，你的索引以及搜索的负载。

一般建议是1000-5000个文档，大小建议是5-15M，默认不能超过100M，可以在es的配置文件（即$ES_HOME下的config下的elasticsearch.yml）中

bash 复制代码 
# bulk批量的混合操作，一般不推荐这种使用，项目中也用的极少。
PUT /_bulk
{ "create" : { "_index" : "ad", "_id" : "6" }}
{ "doc" : {"name" : "bulk"}}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "ad", "_id" : "6" }}
{ "doc" : {"name" : "bulk"}}
{ "delete":{ "_index" : "ad", "_id" : "1"}}
{ "update":{ "_index" : "ad", "_id" : "3"}}
{ "doc" : {"name" : "huawei p20"}}

# 输出结果
{
"took" : 77,
# 如果任意一个文档出错，这里返回true,
"errors" : true,
# items数组，它罗列了每一个请求的结果，结果的顺序与我们请求的顺序相同
"items" : [
{
   # create这个文档已经存在，所以异常
    "create":{
        "_index":"ad",
        "_type":"_doc",
        "_id":"6",
        "status":409,
        "error":{
            "type":"version_conflict_engine_exception",
            "reason":"[6]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
            "index_uuid":"90zLKRHyT02kyN148mQpqg",
            "shard":"0",
            "index":"ad"
        }
    }
},
# index这个文档已经存在，会覆盖
{
    "index":{
        "_index":"ad",
        "_type":"_doc",
        "_id":"6",
        "_version":2,
        "result":"updated",
        "_shards":{
            "total":2,
            "successful":1,
            "failed":0
        },
        "_seq_no":11,
        "_primary_term":3,
        "status":200
    }
},
{
    "delete":{
        "_index":"ad",
        "_type":"_doc",
        "_id":"1",
        "_version":2,
        "result":"deleted",
        "_shards":{
            "total":2,
            "successful":1,
            "failed":0
        },
        "_seq_no":12,
        "_primary_term":3,
        "status":200
    }
},
{
    "update":{
        "_index":"ad",
        "_type":"_doc",
        "_id":"3",
        "_version":2,
        "result":"updated",
        "_shards":{
            "total":2,
            "successful":1,
            "failed":0
        },
        "_seq_no":13,
        "_primary_term":3,
        "status":200
    }
}
]
}
测试数据准备

# 测试数据准备
PUT example
PUT example/_mapping
{
    "mapping":{
        "id":{
            "type":"long"
        },
        "name":{
            "type":"text"
        },
        "counter":{
            "type":"integer"
        },
        "tags":{
            "type":"text"
        }
    }
}
批量插入

# 批量插入
POST /example/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"id":1, "name":"admin", "counter":10, "tags":["red", "black"]}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"id":2, "name":"张三", "counter":20, "tags":["green", "purple"]}
{"index": {"_id": 3}}
{"id":3, "name":"李四", "counter":30, "tags":["red", "blue"]}
{"index": {"_id": 4}}
{"id":4, "name":"tom", "counter":40, "tags":["orange"]}

# 输出结果
{
    "took":7,
    "errors":false,
    "items":[
        {
            "index":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"1",
                "_version":1,
                "result":"created",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":0,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":201
            }
        },
        {
            "index":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"2",
                "_version":1,
                "result":"created",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":1,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":201
            }
        },
        {
            "index":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"3",
                "_version":1,
                "result":"created",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":2,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":201
            }
        },
        {
            "index":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"4",
                "_version":1,
                "result":"created",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":3,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":201
            }
        }
    ]
}

批量修改

# 批量修改
POST /example/_bulk
{"update": {"_id": 1}}
{"doc": {"id":1, "name": "admin-02", "counter":11}}
{"update": {"_id": 2}}
{"script":{"lang":"painless","source":"ctx._source.counter += params.num","params":
{"num":2}}}
{"update":{"_id": 3}}
{"doc": {"name": "test3333name", "counter": 999}}
{"update":{"_id": 4}}
{"doc": {"name": "test444name", "counter": 888}, "doc_as_upsert" : true}

# 输出结果
{
    "took":149,
    "errors":false,
    "items":[
        {
            "update":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"1",
                "_version":2,
                "result":"updated",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":4,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        },
        {
            "update":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"2",
                "_version":2,
                "result":"updated",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":5,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        },
        {
            "update":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"3",
                "_version":2,
                "result":"updated",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":6,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        },
        {
            "update":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"4",
                "_version":2,
                "result":"updated",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":7,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        }
    ]
}
批量删除

# 批量删除
POST /example/_bulk
{"delete": {"_id": 1}}
{"delete": {"_id": 2}}
{"delete": {"_id": 3}}
{"delete": {"_id": 4}}

# 输出结果
{
    "took":7,
    "errors":false,
    "items":[
        {
            "delete":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"1",
                "_version":3,
                "result":"deleted",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":8,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        },
        {
            "delete":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"2",
                "_version":3,
                "result":"deleted",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":9,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        },
        {
            "delete":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"3",
                "_version":3,
                "result":"deleted",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":10,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        },
        {
            "delete":{
                "_index":"example",
                "_type":"_doc",
                "_id":"4",
                "_version":3,
                "result":"deleted",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":11,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":200
            }
        }
    ]
}

另外在定义存储数据的时候，不预先定义mapping ES 也可以存储数据

数据在存放第一个数据的时候数据类型已经确定下来了

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