将 MySQL8.0.30 升级到 MySQL8.0.32
备份旧数据
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/data/backup# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --target-dir=/data/backup/
2024-01-08T16:46:38.987687+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/
2024-01-08T16:46:38.988068+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --backup=1 --user=root --password=* --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --target-dir=/data/backup/
xtrabackup version 8.0.35-30 based on MySQL server 8.0.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 6beb4b49)
240108 16:46:39 version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock' as 'root' (using password: YES).
Failed to connect to MySQL server as DBD::mysql module is not installed at - line 1548.
2024-01-08T16:46:39.050470+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
2024-01-08T16:46:39.058512+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Using server version 8.0.30
2024-01-08T16:46:39.060647+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Executing LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP ...
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064725+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Found tables with row versions due to INSTANT ADD/DROP columns
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064838+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] This feature is not stable and will cause backup corruption.
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064843+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Please check https://docs.percona.com/percona-xtrabackup/8.0/em/instant.html for more details.
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064846+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Tables found:
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064849+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] test/test
2024-01-08T16:46:39.064851+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Please run OPTIMIZE TABLE or ALTER TABLE ALGORITHM=COPY on all listed tables to fix this issue.可以发现出现 Found tables with row versions due to INSTANT ADD/DROP columns
**错误，**优化错误提示中 提到的表
优化表
mysql> OPTIMIZE table test;
+-----------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text |
+-----------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test.test | optimize | note | Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead |
| test.test | optimize | status | OK |
+-----------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)继续备份
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/data/backup# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --target-dir=/data/backup/
MySQL8.0.30配置文件
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
# datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=UTF8MB4记住 **数据目录datadir ,**数据库端口为 默认端口为 3306
获取新版安装包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz删除 旧版本的 安装目录文件
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# rm -rf mysql-8.0
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/etc/init.d# cd /etc/init.d/
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/etc/init.d# rm -rf mysql旧版本的配置文件可以不删除，新版本的可以直接使用旧版的配置文件
解压新版本安装包
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# tar xvJf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0新版本初始化
初始化之前要将旧版本的数据目录下的数据文件全部删除，否则初始化失败
进入到新版本bin目录
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# mkdri data
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local# cd mysql-8.0/bin/
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# pwd
/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin按照旧版本的配置文件初始化
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize查看临时密码，通过配置文件中的 mysqld 进程日志 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# vim /var/log/mysqld.log
临时密码为 rFf#SqPTw2q/
关闭旧版本数据库
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 1402/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1402/mysqld
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin#
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# kill 1402启动新版本数据库
进入到/usr/local/mysql-8.0
cp -a /usr/local/mysql-8.0/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql该命令也会自动在/etc/init.d下创建mysql
授权启动
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
service mysql start登录修改密码
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.32
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql>
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>还原旧版本的数据
service mysql stop --关闭新版数据库
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/* --删除新版数据库数据
xtrabackup --prepare -uroot -p --target-dir=/data/backup/
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/ --旧版数据库还原到新版数据库
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0升级数据库验证
升级命令，目标版本大于8.0.16时，启动使用--upgrade=FORCE参数
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# ./mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/ --upgrade=FORCE &
[1] 1684
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# 2024-01-09T06:03:41.032750Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
2024-01-09T06:03:41.049302Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data查看
root@LAPTOP-FPIQJ438:/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> use test
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| test |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select * from test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 1 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)可以查到 旧版 test 数据
注意
升级过程前，一定要备份数据，版本的升级方式有所差异
#8.0.16以后的版本
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/path/to/8.0-datadir --upgrade=FORCE &
#8.0.16之前的版本
mysql_upgrade -u root -p
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/path/to/8.0-datadir &