C# 十大排序算法

以下是常见的十大排序算法(按照学习和实现的顺序排列):

  1. 冒泡排序(Bubble Sort)
  2. 选择排序(Selection Sort)
  3. 插入排序(Insertion Sort)
  4. 希尔排序(Shell Sort)
  5. 归并排序(Merge Sort)
  6. 快速排序(Quick Sort)
  7. 堆排序(Heap Sort)
  8. 计数排序(Counting Sort)
  9. 桶排序(Bucket Sort)
  10. 基数排序(Radix Sort)

这些排序算法具有不同的时间复杂度、空间复杂度和稳定性,适用于不同的排序场景。每种算法都有其独特的思想和实现方式,您可以根据具体的需求选择适合的排序算法。

C#实现的十大排序算法的示例代码如下:

1、冒泡排序(Bubble Sort) :

class BubbleSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int n = arr.Length;

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)

{

if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1])

{

int temp = arr[j];

arr[j] = arr[j + 1];

arr[j + 1] = temp;

}

}

}

}

}
2、选择排序(Selection Sort) :

class SelectionSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int n = arr.Length;

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)

{

int minIndex = i;

for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)

{

if (arr[j] < arr[minIndex])

{

minIndex = j;

}

}

int temp = arr[minIndex];

arr[minIndex] = arr[i];

arr[i] = temp;

}

}

}
3、插入排序(Insertion Sort) :

class InsertionSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int n = arr.Length;

for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)

{

int key = arr[i];

int j = i - 1;

while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key)

{

arr[j + 1] = arr[j];

j = j - 1;

}

arr[j + 1] = key;

}

}

}
4、希尔排序(Shell Sort) :

class ShellSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int n = arr.Length;

for (int gap = n / 2; gap > 0; gap /= 2)

{

for (int i = gap; i < n; i++)

{

int temp = arr[i];

int j;

for (j = i; j >= gap && arr[j - gap] > temp; j -= gap)

{

arr[j] = arr[j - gap];

}

arr[j] = temp;

}

}

}

}
5、归并排序(Merge Sort) :

class MergeSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

if (arr.Length <= 1)

return;

int mid = arr.Length / 2;

int[] leftArr = new int[mid];

int[] rightArr = new int[arr.Length - mid];

for (int i = 0; i < mid; i++)

{

leftArr[i] = arr[i];

}

for (int i = mid; i < arr.Length; i++)

{

rightArr[i - mid] = arr[i];

}

Sort(leftArr);

Sort(rightArr);

Merge(leftArr, rightArr, arr);

}

private static void Merge(int[] leftArr, int[] rightArr, int[] arr)

{

int leftIndex = 0;

int rightIndex = 0;

int current = 0;

while (leftIndex < leftArr.Length && rightIndex < rightArr.Length)

{

if (leftArr[leftIndex] <= rightArr[rightIndex])

{

arr[current] = leftArr[leftIndex];

leftIndex++;

}

else

{

arr[current] = rightArr[rightIndex];

rightIndex++;

}

current++;

}

while (leftIndex < leftArr.Length)

{

arr[current] = leftArr[leftIndex];

leftIndex++;

current++;

}

while (rightIndex < rightArr.Length)

{

arr[current] = rightArr[rightIndex];

rightIndex++;

current++;

}

}

}
6、快速排序(Quick Sort) :

class QuickSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr, int low, int high)

{

if (low < high)

{

int pivotIndex = Partition(arr, low, high);

Sort(arr, low, pivotIndex - 1);

Sort(arr, pivotIndex + 1, high);

}

}

private static int Partition(int[] arr, int low, int high)

{

int pivot = arr[high];

int i = low - 1;

for (int j = low; j < high; j++)

{

if (arr[j] < pivot)

{

i++;

Swap(arr, i, j);

}

}

Swap(arr, i + 1, high);

return i + 1;

}

private static void Swap(int[] arr, int i, int j)

{

int temp = arr[i];

arr[i] = arr[j];

arr[j] = temp;

}

}
7、堆排序(Heap Sort) :

class HeapSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int n = arr.Length;

for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{

Heapify(arr, n, i);

}

for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--)

{

Swap(arr, 0, i);

Heapify(arr, i, 0);

}

}

private static void Heapify(int[] arr, int n, int i)

{

int largest = i;

int left = 2 * i + 1;

int right = 2 * i + 2;

if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest])

{

largest = left;

}

if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest])

{

largest = right;

}

if (largest != i)

{

Swap(arr, i, largest);

Heapify(arr, n, largest);

}

}

private static void Swap(int[] arr, int i, int j)

{

int temp = arr[i];

arr[i] = arr[j];

arr[j] = temp;

}

}
8、计数排序(Counting Sort) :

class CountingSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int n = arr.Length;

int[] output = new int[n];

int max = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)

{

if (arr[i] > max)

{

max = arr[i];

}

}

int[] count = new int[max + 1];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{

count[arr[i]]++;

}

for (int i = 1; i <= max; i++)

{

count[i] += count[i - 1];

}

for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{

output[count[arr[i]] - 1] = arr[i];

count[arr[i]]--;

}

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

{

arr[i] = output[i];

}

}

}

9、桶排序(Bucket Sort)

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

class BucketSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int minValue = arr[0];

int maxValue = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < arr.Length; i++)

{

if (arr[i] < minValue)

minValue = arr[i];

else if (arr[i] > maxValue)

maxValue = arr[i];

}

int bucketSize = maxValue - minValue + 1;

List<int>[] buckets = new List<int>[bucketSize];

for (int i = 0; i < bucketSize; i++)

buckets[i] = new List<int>();

for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)

buckets[arr[i] - minValue].Add(arr[i]);

int index = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < bucketSize; i++)

{

int[] temp = buckets[i].ToArray();

if (temp.Length > 0)

{

Array.Sort(temp);

for (int j = 0; j < temp.Length; j++)

{

arr[index] = temp[j];

index++;

}

}

}

}

static void Main(string[] args)

{

int[] arr = { 4, 2, 7, 1, 9, 5, 3, 6, 8 };

Console.WriteLine("Before sorting:");

foreach (int element in arr)

Console.Write(element + " ");

Sort(arr);

Console.WriteLine("\n\nAfter sorting:");

foreach (int element in arr)

Console.Write(element + " ");

Console.ReadLine();

}

}
10、基数排序(Radix Sort)

using System;

class RadixSort

{

public static void Sort(int[] arr)

{

int max = FindMax(arr);

for (int exp = 1; max / exp > 0; exp *= 10)

CountSort(arr, exp);

}

public static void CountSort(int[] arr, int exp)

{

int n = arr.Length;

int[] output = new int[n];

int[] count = new int[10];

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

count[i] = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]++;

for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)

count[i] += count[i - 1];

for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)

{

output[count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10] - 1] = arr[i];

count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]--;

}

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

arr[i] = output[i];

}

public static int FindMax(int[] arr)

{

int max = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < arr.Length; i++)

{

if (arr[i] > max)

max = arr[i];

}

return max;

}

static void Main(string[] args)

{

int[] arr = { 170, 45, 75, 90, 802, 24, 2, 66 };

Console.WriteLine("Before sorting:");

foreach (int element in arr)

Console.Write(element + " ");

Sort(arr);

Console.WriteLine("\n\nAfter sorting:");

foreach (int element in arr)

Console.Write(element + " ");

Console.ReadLine();

}

}

以上代码分别实现了10大算法。请注意,如果需要对其他类型的数据进行排序,需要进行相应的修改。

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