磁盘database数据恢复: ddrescue,dd和Android 设备的数据拷贝

ddrescue和dd

区别:

  • GNU ddrescue 不是 dd 的衍生物,也与 dd 没有任何关系 除了两者都可用于将数据从一台设备复制到另一台设备。 关键的区别在于 ddrescue 使用复杂的算法来复制 来自故障驱动器的数据,尽可能少地造成额外的损坏。
  • ddrescue具备更强大的错误处理和恢复机制,可以更好地处理损坏的数据。
  • ddrescue可以逐渐恢复数据,首先尝试读取易读的部分,然后再处理更难访问的区域。
  • dd是一个基础的命令,用于一般的数据复制任务,而ddrescue专注于数据恢复,因此在某些方面更复杂。
  • 如果你的任务是简单的数据复制,可能选择dd足够了。但如果你处理的是受损的硬盘或需要更复杂的数据恢复操作,ddrescue可能更适合。

dd命令:

  • dd是一个用于复制文件和设备的基本命令。它以块为单位操作数据,可以用于复制整个磁盘、分区或文件。dd对于数据恢复来说非常基础,它简单粗暴,没有内建的错误处理机制。dd命令是一种直接复制和写入数据的工具,而不会考虑目标设备上是否已有数据。因此,在执行这个命令之前,请确保 /dev/sdb 上的所有数据都是你可以丢弃的,或者在执行之前进行备份。
命令 描述
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4M /dev/sda 复制整个设备的内容到 /dev/sdb,块大小为4兆字节。这将覆盖 /dev/sdb 上的所有数据。较大的块大小可以提高性能,但也可能导致更多的浪费,特别是在尝试恢复数据时。
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=backup.img bs=1G count=1 创建一个名为 backup.img 的映像文件,其中包含 /dev/sda 的前1个千兆字节的数据。
sudo dd if=source.img of=/dev/sdb bs=8M 将名为 source.img 的映像文件的内容写入到 /dev/sdb,块大小为8兆字节。这会覆盖 /dev/sdb 上的所有数据。
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1M count=10 使用 /dev/zero 中的数据(全0)覆盖 /dev/sdb 的前10兆字节。这可以用于擦除设备上的前几个块。
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=100 bs=512:指定块大小为512字节,即一个扇区的大小。 count=100:指定要拷贝的扇区数目。
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4M seek=1
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4M seek=100 /dev/sda 复制数据到 /dev/sdb,但从 /dev/sdb 的第100个块之后开始写入。这是一个在目标设备上追加数据。

ddrescue命令:

  • ddrescue是专门设计用于数据恢复的命令。它被设计成能够处理磁盘上的坏块(损坏的数据区域)并尽量从损坏的地方恢复尽可能多的数据。ddrescue会首先尝试读取易读的部分,然后在后续尝试中逐渐尝试读取更难访问的区域。
命令 描述
sudo ddrescue /dev/sda /dev/sdb logfile 这个例子将源设备 /dev/sda 的内容复制到目标设备 /dev/sdb,并将恢复的信息记录到 logfile 中。
sudo ddrescue /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 尝试从 /dev/sda 复制数据到 /dev/sdb,并将已恢复的数据写入 rescued.img。这个命令默认尝试从容易读取的部分开始,逐渐处理难以读取的部分。
sudo ddrescue -n /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 使用 ddrescue 的快速模式,只复制容易读取的数据。这个命令只进行一次尝试,不尝试处理难以读取的部分。
sudo ddrescue -r 3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 在复制时,尝试最多 3 次从难以读取的部分恢复数据。
sudo ddrescue -d -r 3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 在尝试读取时显示调试信息,并且最多尝试 3 次。
sudo ddrescue -b 4096 /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 设置块大小为 4096 字节。这允许更精细的控制读取和写入的数据块大小。
sudo ddrescue -c 1M /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 设置聚类大小为 1 兆字节,这有助于加快处理速度,特别是在处理大容量存储设备时。
sudo ddrescue --fill-mode=+ /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 使用 + 填充模式,在写入时填充已损坏的区域。
sudo ddrescue --retry-passes=3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 设置最大重试次数为 3 次。在每个重试阶段结束时,ddrescue 将记录已经复制的数据并尝试恢复尽可能多的数据。
sudo ddrescue --timeout=10s /dev/sda /dev/sdb rescued.img 设置超时时间为 10 秒,在此时间内尝试读取数据。如果在规定的时间内未能读取数据,则放弃当前尝试。

Android 设备

  • Android 调试桥(Android Debug Bridge,简称 adb)是一种用于在计算机和 Android 设备之间进行通信的命令行工具。它允许开发者通过 USB 或网络连接在计算机和 Android 设备之间传输文件、执行命令和调试应用程序。

  • Copy full disk image from Android to computer:在某些情况下,你可能不需要使用 dd 命令来直接复制设备的数据。相反,你可以确保 Android 调试桥(adb)以 root 权限运行 ,然后使用 adb pull 命令直接获取分区的块设备文件。

  1. 安装 ADB:
  1. 启用 USB 调试:

    • 在 Android 设备上使用 adb 之前,你需要确保 USB 调试已经启用。在设备的设置中,进入 "开发者选项" 并启用 "USB 调试"。
  2. 连接设备:

    • 使用 USB 数据线将 Android 设备连接到计算机。确保设备以 MTP(媒体传输协议)或 PTP(图片传输协议)模式连接。
  3. 运行 ADB 命令:

    • 打开终端或命令提示符,导航到 Android SDK 的 platform-tools 目录,并运行 adb 命令。

    kubuntu@kubuntu:/media/kubuntu/系统/ESSENTIAL_FILE/ENV_ANDROID/SDK/platform-tools$ ./adb --version
    Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.41
    Version 34.0.5-10900879
    Installed as /media/kubuntu/系统/ESSENTIAL_FILE/ENV_ANDROID/SDK/platform-tools/adb
    Running on Linux 5.15.0-67-generic (x86_64)

    ./adb --help
    Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.41
    Version 34.0.5-10900879
    Installed as /media/kubuntu/系统/ESSENTIAL_FILE/ENV_ANDROID/SDK/platform-tools/adb
    Running on Linux 5.15.0-67-generic (x86_64)

    global options:
    -a listen on all network interfaces, not just localhost
    -d use USB device (error if multiple devices connected)
    -e use TCP/IP device (error if multiple TCP/IP devices available)
    -s SERIAL use device with given serial (overrides $ANDROID_SERIAL)
    -t ID use device with given transport id
    -H name of adb server host [default=localhost]
    -P port of adb server [default=5037]
    -L SOCKET listen on given socket for adb server [default=tcp:localhost:5037]
    --one-device SERIAL|USB only allowed with 'start-server' or 'server nodaemon', server will only connect to one USB device, specified by a serial number or USB device address.
    --exit-on-write-error exit if stdout is closed

    general commands:
    devices [-l] list connected devices (-l for long output)
    help show this help message
    version show version num

    networking:
    connect HOST[:PORT] connect to a device via TCP/IP [default port=5555]
    disconnect [HOST[:PORT]]
    disconnect from given TCP/IP device [default port=5555], or all
    pair HOST[:PORT] [PAIRING CODE]
    pair with a device for secure TCP/IP communication
    forward --list list all forward socket connections
    forward [--no-rebind] LOCAL REMOTE
    forward socket connection using:
    tcp:<port> (<local> may be "tcp:0" to pick any open port)
    localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
    localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
    localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
    dev:<character device name>
    jdwp:<process pid> (remote only)
    vsock:<CID>:<port> (remote only)
    acceptfd:<fd> (listen only)
    forward --remove LOCAL remove specific forward socket connection
    forward --remove-all remove all forward socket connections
    reverse --list list all reverse socket connections from device
    reverse [--no-rebind] REMOTE LOCAL
    reverse socket connection using:
    tcp:<port> (<remote> may be "tcp:0" to pick any open port)
    localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
    localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
    localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
    reverse --remove REMOTE remove specific reverse socket connection
    reverse --remove-all remove all reverse socket connections from device
    mdns check check if mdns discovery is available
    mdns services list all discovered services

    file transfer:
    push [--sync] [-z ALGORITHM] [-Z] LOCAL... REMOTE
    copy local files/directories to device
    --sync: only push files that are newer on the host than the device
    -n: dry run: push files to device without storing to the filesystem
    -z: enable compression with a specified algorithm (any/none/brotli/lz4/zstd)
    -Z: disable compression
    pull [-a] [-z ALGORITHM] [-Z] REMOTE... LOCAL
    copy files/dirs from device
    -a: preserve file timestamp and mode
    -z: enable compression with a specified algorithm (any/none/brotli/lz4/zstd)
    -Z: disable compression
    sync [-l] [-z ALGORITHM] [-Z] [all|data|odm|oem|product|system|system_ext|vendor]
    sync a local build from $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT to the device (default all)
    -n: dry run: push files to device without storing to the filesystem
    -l: list files that would be copied, but don't copy them
    -z: enable compression with a specified algorithm (any/none/brotli/lz4/zstd)
    -Z: disable compression

    shell:
    shell [-e ESCAPE] [-n] [-Tt] [-x] [COMMAND...]
    run remote shell command (interactive shell if no command given)
    -e: choose escape character, or "none"; default '~'
    -n: don't read from stdin
    -T: disable pty allocation
    -t: allocate a pty if on a tty (-tt: force pty allocation)
    -x: disable remote exit codes and stdout/stderr separation
    emu COMMAND run emulator console command

    app installation (see also adb shell cmd package help):
    install [-lrtsdg] [--instant] PACKAGE
    push a single package to the device and install it
    install-multiple [-lrtsdpg] [--instant] PACKAGE...
    push multiple APKs to the device for a single package and install them
    install-multi-package [-lrtsdpg] [--instant] PACKAGE...
    push one or more packages to the device and install them atomically
    -r: replace existing application
    -t: allow test packages
    -d: allow version code downgrade (debuggable packages only)
    -p: partial application install (install-multiple only)
    -g: grant all runtime permissions
    --abi ABI: override platform's default ABI
    --instant: cause the app to be installed as an ephemeral install app
    --no-streaming: always push APK to device and invoke Package Manager as separate steps
    --streaming: force streaming APK directly into Package Manager
    --fastdeploy: use fast deploy
    --no-fastdeploy: prevent use of fast deploy
    --force-agent: force update of deployment agent when using fast deploy
    --date-check-agent: update deployment agent when local version is newer and using fast deploy
    --version-check-agent: update deployment agent when local version has different version code and using fast deploy
    --local-agent: locate agent files from local source build (instead of SDK location)
    (See also adb shell pm help for more options.)
    uninstall [-k] PACKAGE
    remove this app package from the device
    '-k': keep the data and cache directories

    debugging:
    bugreport [PATH]
    write bugreport to given PATH [default=bugreport.zip];
    if PATH is a directory, the bug report is saved in that directory.
    devices that don't support zipped bug reports output to stdout.
    jdwp list pids of processes hosting a JDWP transport
    logcat show device log (logcat --help for more)

    security:
    disable-verity disable dm-verity checking on userdebug builds
    enable-verity re-enable dm-verity checking on userdebug builds
    keygen FILE
    generate adb public/private key; private key stored in FILE,

    scripting:
    wait-for[-TRANSPORT]-STATE...
    wait for device to be in a given state
    STATE: device, recovery, rescue, sideload, bootloader, or disconnect
    TRANSPORT: usb, local, or any [default=any]
    get-state print offline | bootloader | device
    get-serialno print <serial-number>
    get-devpath print <device-path>
    remount [-R]
    remount partitions read-write. if a reboot is required, -R will
    will automatically reboot the device.
    reboot [bootloader|recovery|sideload|sideload-auto-reboot]
    reboot the device; defaults to booting system image but
    supports bootloader and recovery too. sideload reboots
    into recovery and automatically starts sideload mode,
    sideload-auto-reboot is the same but reboots after sideloading.
    sideload OTAPACKAGE sideload the given full OTA package
    root restart adbd with root permissions
    unroot restart adbd without root permissions
    usb restart adbd listening on USB
    tcpip PORT restart adbd listening on TCP on PORT

    internal debugging:
    start-server ensure that there is a server running
    kill-server kill the server if it is running
    reconnect kick connection from host side to force reconnect
    reconnect device kick connection from device side to force reconnect
    reconnect offline reset offline/unauthorized devices to force reconnect

    usb:
    attach attach a detached USB device
    detach detach from a USB device to allow use by other processes
    environment variables:
    $ADB_TRACE
    comma/space separated list of debug info to log:
    all,adb,sockets,packets,rwx,usb,sync,sysdeps,transport,jdwp
    $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS colon-separated list of keys (files or directories)
    $ANDROID_SERIAL serial number to connect to (see -s)
    $ANDROID_LOG_TAGS tags to be used by logcat (see logcat --help)
    $ADB_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_MAX_PORT max emulator scan port (default 5585, 16 emus)
    $ADB_MDNS_AUTO_CONNECT comma-separated list of mdns services to allow auto-connect (default adb-tls-connect)

    Online documentation: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/adb/+/refs/heads/master/docs/user/adb.1.md

    $ ./adb devices
    List of devices attached
    SJQ4C19325004095 unauthorized
    ========》手机上选择"允许调试"========》
    $ ./adb devices
    List of devices attached
    SJQ4C19325004095 device

  4. 常见 ADB 命令:

    ./adb shell ls
    3rdmodem
    3rdmodemnvm
    3rdmodemnvmbkp
    acct
    bugreports
    cache
    charger
    config
    cust
    cust_comm
    cust_spec
    cust_spec_cfg
    d
    data
    default.prop
    dev
    dload
    etc
    hw_odm
    hw_oem
    hw_preload
    log
    mnt
    odm
    oem
    patch
    patch_hw
    preload
    proc
    product
    res
    root
    sbin
    sdcard
    splash2
    storage
    sys
    system
    vendor
    version
    ls: ./mnvm2:0: Permission denied
    ls: ./modem_fw: Permission denied
    ls: ./modem_log: Permission denied
    ls: ./modem_secure: Permission denied
    ls: ./hisee_fs: Permission denied
    ls: ./sec_storage: Permission denied
    ls: ./version.prop: Permission denied
    ls: ./verity_key: Permission denied
    ls: ./ueventd.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./resetFactory.cfg: Permission denied
    ls: ./init.zygote64_32.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./init.zygote32.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./init.usb.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./init.usb.configfs.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./init.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./init.environ.rc: Permission denied
    ls: ./init: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram768m: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram512m: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram256m: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram2240m: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram1536m: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram1280m: Permission denied
    ls: ./fstab.zram1024m: Permission denied

CG

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