ElasticSearch索引数据备份与恢复

全栈小白.2024-02-25 17:25

索引数据备份

在磁盘创建备份目录并授权

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# 创建备份目录
/home/esbackup
# 授权
chmod 777 /home/esbackup

修改配置文件elasticsearch.yml

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echo 'path.repo: ["/home/esbackup"]' >> /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

重启elasticsearch(我是docker创建的，所以上述两条命令在docker中执行，可提前挂载)

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docker restart elasticsearch

打开kibana控制台-开发者选项

新建备份仓库

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PUT _snapshot/esbackup 
{
    "type": "fs", 
    "settings": {
        "location": "/home/esbackup" 
    }
}

查看备份仓库

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GET _snapshot

备份置顶索引

snapshot_20230223这个名随便起，一般以时间为名

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# 备份指定索引
PUT _snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223
{
    "indices": "索引名"
}

查看备份情况

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# 查看备份情况
GET _snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223/_status
GET _snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223

成功标志

索引数据恢复

删除之前的索引

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DELETE /索引名

从备份过的快照恢复

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POST /_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223/_restore

查看恢复状态，状态码返回200即可

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GET _recovery
GET 索引名/_recovery

删除指定快照

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DELETE _snapshot/esbackup/快照名

每日备份的shell脚本，供参考

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#!/bin/bash

# 执行快照备份
time=$(date "+%Y%m%d")
logfile="/tmp/esbacklogs/"${time}".log"

curl -s -u elastic:changme -XPUT "http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_"${time} -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
    "indices": "test_index, test_index2"
}'

# 快照备份需要一定时间，60s后检查备份情况
sleep 60

echo ""
curl -s -u elastic:changme -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_"${time} | grep "SUCCESS" >> $logfile

if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
  echo "backup elasticsearch success" >> $logfile
else
  echo "backup elasticsearch fail" >> $logfile
fi
echo ""

# 删除10天前的快照
delete_time=$(date "+%Y%m%d" -d " -10 day")
curl -s -u elastic:changme -XDELETE "http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_"${delete_time} >> $logfile