写在前面
本文看下es的结构化搜索,结构化搜索顾名思义就是对结构化数据的搜索,那么什么是结构话数据呢?我的理解是具有一定规则的数据就是结构化,在es中包括但不限于如下:
1:Boolean
只有true和false
2:整数
就是整数,不会是其他的
3:日期
日期的格式虽然可能有多种,但也是有规则的
4:枚举类的text
普通的text肯定不是结构化数据,比如一条日志,但是如性别,风险等级,彩笔的颜色等,都是有限的枚举值,所以也是结构化的数据
5:文档的key
是有限的枚举值,所以也是有规则的,所以也是结构化数据。
针对上述数据的搜索,我们可以采用term搜索 以及前缀搜索 等词项查询 。
结构化查询在一定程度上可以认为是精准匹配,所以可以根据具体情况考虑不算分 。
1:例子
1.1:布尔,数字
# 1:删除老的,避免影响
DELETE /products
POST /products/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"price":10,"available":true,"date":"2018-01-01","productID":"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"price":20,"available":true,"date":"2019-01-01","productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}
{"index": {"_id": 3}}
{"price":30,"available":true,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}
{"index": {"_id": 4}}
{"price":30,"available":false,"productID":"QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"}
# 2:对布尔查询,并且算分,可以查询到3条
POST products/_search
{
"profile": "true",
"explain": true,
"query": {
"term": {
"available": true
}
}
}
# 3:对布尔查询,不算分,可以查询到3条
POST products/_search
{
"profile": "true",
"explain": true,
"query": {
"constant_score": {
"filter": {
"term": {
"available": true
}
}
}
}
}
# 4:数字range
POST products/_search
{
"query": {
"constant_score": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"price": {
"gte": 20,
"lte": 30
}
}
}
}
}
}
1.2:日期
# 1:删除老的,避免影响
DELETE /products
POST /products/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"price":10,"available":true,"date":"2018-01-01","productID":"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"price":20,"available":true,"date":"2019-01-01","productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}
{"index": {"_id": 3}}
{"price":30,"available":true,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}
{"index": {"_id": 4}}
{"price":30,"available":false,"productID":"QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"}
# 2:日期range
POST products/_search
{
"query": {
"constant_score": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"date": {
"gte": "now-7y"
}
}
}
}
}
}
日期的语法糖:
1.3:Exist
# 1:删除老的,避免影响
DELETE /products
POST /products/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"price":10,"available":true,"date":"2018-01-01","productID":"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"price":20,"available":true,"date":"2019-01-01","productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}
{"index": {"_id": 3}}
{"price":30,"available":true,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}
{"index": {"_id": 4}}
{"price":30,"available":false,"productID":"QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"}
# 2:exists,必须包含date key并且有值才行(null和空字符串都不可以)
POST products/_search
{
"query": {
"constant_score": {
"filter": {
"exists": {
"field": "date"
}
}
}
}
}
1.4:多值字段
# 1:删除老的,避免影响
DELETE movies
POST /movies/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"title":"Father of the Bridge Part II","year":1995,"genre":"Comedy"}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"title":"Dave","year":1993,"genre":["Comedy","Romance"]}
# 2:会查询出{"_id": 2}的数据,它是个数组,其实不应该查出来
POST movies/_search
{
"query": {
"constant_score": {
"filter": {
"term": {
"genre.keyword": "Comedy"
}
}
}
}
}
上述的查询,将"_id": 2}的数据的数据也查询出来了,其实这是不对的,是es对数组的实现机制导致了这个问题,该怎么办呢?
写在后面
其实结构化搜索的内容是包含在我们前面学习过的这篇文章 中的,只不过这里为了更加明确结构化的概念又进行了专门的的分析。