How to use conda in Ubuntu 22.04
切换清华源
bash
sudo tee ~/.condarc <<-'EOF'
auto_activate_base: false
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch-lts: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
deepmodeling: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/
EOF创建环境
bash
lwk@qwfys:~$ conda create -n harbin
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/lwk/anaconda3/envs/harbin
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate harbin
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
lwk@qwfys:~$查看环境
bash
lwk@qwfys:~$ conda info --envs
# conda environments:
#
base /home/lwk/anaconda3
harbin /home/lwk/anaconda3/envs/harbin
shaoxing /home/lwk/anaconda3/envs/shaoxing
lwk@qwfys:~$激活环境
bash
lwk@qwfys:~$ conda activate harbin
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$查看环境中的包
bash
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/lwk/anaconda3/envs/harbin:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$
bash
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$ pip list
Package Version
------------------------- ----------------
anyio 4.2.0
apt-clone 0.2.1
apturl 0.5.2
argon2-cffi 23.1.0
argon2-cffi-bindings 21.2.0
arrow 1.3.0
asttokens 2.4.1
async-lru 2.0.4
async-timeout 4.0.1
attrs 23.2.0
Babel 2.14.0
beautifulsoup4 4.10.0
bleach 6.1.0
blinker 1.4
Brlapi 0.8.3
Brotli 1.0.9
certifi 2020.6.20
cffi 1.16.0
chardet 4.0.0
charset-normalizer 3.3.2
click 8.0.3
colorama 0.4.4
comm 0.2.1
command-not-found 0.3
configobj 5.0.6
cryptography 3.4.8
cupshelpers 1.0
dbus-python 1.2.18
debugpy 1.8.0
decorator 5.1.1
defer 1.0.6
defusedxml 0.7.1
distro 1.7.0
exceptiongroup 1.2.0
executing 2.0.1
eyeD3 0.8.10
fastjsonschema 2.19.1
filelock 3.6.0
fqdn 1.5.1
httplib2 0.20.2
idna 3.3
ifaddr 0.1.7
IMDbPY 2021.4.18
importlib-metadata 4.6.4
inflection 0.5.1
ipykernel 6.29.0
ipython 8.20.0
isoduration 20.11.0
jedi 0.19.1
jeepney 0.7.1
Jinja2 3.1.3
json5 0.9.14
jsonpointer 2.4
jsonschema 4.21.1
jsonschema-specifications 2023.12.1
jupyter_client 8.6.0
jupyter_core 5.7.1
jupyter-events 0.9.0
jupyter-lsp 2.2.2
jupyter_server 2.12.5
jupyter_server_terminals 0.5.2
jupyterlab 4.0.11
jupyterlab_pygments 0.3.0
jupyterlab_server 2.25.2
keyring 23.5.0
launchpadlib 1.10.16
lazr.restfulclient 0.14.4
lazr.uri 1.0.6
louis 3.20.0
macaroonbakery 1.3.1
Mako 1.1.3
MarkupSafe 2.0.1
matplotlib-inline 0.1.6
mistune 3.0.2
more-itertools 8.10.0
mutagen 1.45.1
nbclient 0.9.0
nbconvert 7.14.2
nbformat 5.9.2
nemo-emblems 6.0.1
nest-asyncio 1.6.0
netaddr 0.8.0
netifaces 0.11.0
notebook_shim 0.2.3
oauthlib 3.2.0
onboard 1.4.1
openapi 1.1.0
overrides 7.7.0
packaging 21.3
PAM 0.4.2
pandocfilters 1.5.1
parso 0.8.3
pexpect 4.8.0
Pillow 9.0.1
pip 22.0.2
platformdirs 4.1.0
prometheus-client 0.19.0
prompt-toolkit 3.0.43
protobuf 3.12.4
psutil 5.9.0
ptyprocess 0.7.0
pure-eval 0.2.2
pycairo 1.20.1
pycparser 2.21
pycryptodomex 3.11.0
pycups 2.0.1
pycurl 7.44.1
pyelftools 0.27
Pygments 2.17.2
PyGObject 3.42.1
PyICU 2.8.1
pyinotify 0.9.6
PyJWT 2.3.0
pymacaroons 0.13.0
PyNaCl 1.5.0
pyparsing 2.4.7
pyparted 3.11.7
pyRFC3339 1.1
python-apt 2.4.0+ubuntu3
python-dateutil 2.8.2
python-debian 0.1.43+ubuntu1.1
python-gnupg 0.4.8
python-json-logger 2.0.7
python-magic 0.4.24
python-xlib 0.29
pytz 2022.1
pyxdg 0.27
PyYAML 5.4.1
pyzmq 25.1.2
qrcode 7.3.1
referencing 0.33.0
reportlab 3.6.8
requests 2.31.0
requests-file 1.5.1
rfc3339-validator 0.1.4
rfc3986-validator 0.1.1
rpds-py 0.17.1
screen-resolution-extra 0.0.0
SecretStorage 3.3.1
Send2Trash 1.8.2
setproctitle 1.2.2
setuptools 59.6.0
six 1.16.0
sniffio 1.3.0
soupsieve 2.3.1
stack-data 0.6.3
systemd-python 234
terminado 0.18.0
tinycss2 1.1.1
tldextract 3.1.2
tomli 2.0.1
tornado 6.4
traitlets 5.14.1
types-python-dateutil 2.8.19.20240106
typing_extensions 4.9.0
ubuntu-drivers-common 0.0.0
ufw 0.36.1
Unidecode 1.3.3
uri-template 1.3.0
urllib3 1.26.5
vboxapi 1.0
wadllib 1.3.6
wcwidth 0.2.13
webcolors 1.13
webencodings 0.5.1
websocket-client 1.7.0
websockets 9.1
wheel 0.37.1
xdg 5
xkit 0.0.0
xlrd 1.2.0
yt-dlp 2022.4.8
zipp 1.0.0
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$在环境中安装包
bash
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$ conda install openpyxl
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/lwk/anaconda3/envs/harbin
added / updated specs:
- openpyxl
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
et_xmlfile-1.1.0 | py312h06a4308_1 12 KB defaults
openpyxl-3.0.10 | py312h5eee18b_0 647 KB defaults
pandas-2.1.4 | py312h526ad5a_0 14.7 MB defaults
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 15.3 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
et_xmlfile anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::et_xmlfile-1.1.0-py312h06a4308_1
openpyxl anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::openpyxl-3.0.10-py312h5eee18b_0
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
pandas 2.2.1-py312h526ad5a_0 --> 2.1.4-py312h526ad5a_0
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$退出当前环境
bash
(harbin) lwk@qwfys:~$ conda deactivate
lwk@qwfys:~$命令行自动补全
bash
conda install -c conda-forge conda-bash-completion具体安装过程如下：
bash
lwk@qwfys:~$ conda install -c conda-forge conda-bash-completion
Channels:
- conda-forge
- defaults
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): \done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/lwk/miniconda3
added / updated specs:
- conda-bash-completion
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
_libgcc_mutex-0.1 | conda_forge 3 KB conda-forge
_openmp_mutex-4.5 | 2_gnu 23 KB conda-forge
bash-completion-2.11 | ha770c72_1 205 KB conda-forge
ca-certificates-2024.2.2 | hbcca054_0 152 KB conda-forge
certifi-2024.2.2 | pyhd8ed1ab_0 157 KB conda-forge
conda-24.1.2 | py312h7900ff3_0 1.2 MB conda-forge
conda-bash-completion-1.7 | ha770c72_1 21 KB conda-forge
libexpat-2.5.0 | hcb278e6_1 76 KB conda-forge
libgcc-ng-13.2.0 | h807b86a_5 752 KB conda-forge
libgomp-13.2.0 | h807b86a_5 410 KB conda-forge
libnsl-2.0.1 | hd590300_0 33 KB conda-forge
libsqlite-3.45.1 | h2797004_0 839 KB conda-forge
libuuid-2.38.1 | h0b41bf4_0 33 KB conda-forge
libxcrypt-4.4.36 | hd590300_1 98 KB conda-forge
libzlib-1.2.13 | hd590300_5 60 KB conda-forge
openssl-3.2.1 | hd590300_0 2.7 MB conda-forge
python-3.12.2 |hab00c5b_0_cpython 30.8 MB conda-forge
python_abi-3.12 | 4_cp312 6 KB conda-forge
tk-8.6.13 |noxft_h4845f30_101 3.2 MB conda-forge
zlib-1.2.13 | hd590300_5 91 KB conda-forge
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 40.8 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
bash-completion conda-forge/linux-64::bash-completion-2.11-ha770c72_1
conda-bash-comple~ conda-forge/linux-64::conda-bash-completion-1.7-ha770c72_1
libexpat conda-forge/linux-64::libexpat-2.5.0-hcb278e6_1
libnsl conda-forge/linux-64::libnsl-2.0.1-hd590300_0
libsqlite conda-forge/linux-64::libsqlite-3.45.1-h2797004_0
libxcrypt conda-forge/linux-64::libxcrypt-4.4.36-hd590300_1
libzlib conda-forge/linux-64::libzlib-1.2.13-hd590300_5
python_abi conda-forge/linux-64::python_abi-3.12-4_cp312
The following packages will be UPDATED:
ca-certificates pkgs/main::ca-certificates-2023.12.12~ --> conda-forge::ca-certificates-2024.2.2-hbcca054_0
libgcc-ng pkgs/main::libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1 --> conda-forge::libgcc-ng-13.2.0-h807b86a_5
libgomp pkgs/main::libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1 --> conda-forge::libgomp-13.2.0-h807b86a_5
libuuid pkgs/main::libuuid-1.41.5-h5eee18b_0 --> conda-forge::libuuid-2.38.1-h0b41bf4_0
openssl pkgs/main::openssl-3.0.13-h7f8727e_0 --> conda-forge::openssl-3.2.1-hd590300_0
python pkgs/main::python-3.12.1-h996f2a0_0 --> conda-forge::python-3.12.2-hab00c5b_0_cpython
tk pkgs/main::tk-8.6.12-h1ccaba5_0 --> conda-forge::tk-8.6.13-noxft_h4845f30_101
zlib pkgs/main::zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_0 --> conda-forge::zlib-1.2.13-hd590300_5
The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:
_libgcc_mutex pkgs/main::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main --> conda-forge::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-conda_forge
_openmp_mutex pkgs/main::_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu --> conda-forge::_openmp_mutex-4.5-2_gnu
certifi pkgs/main/linux-64::certifi-2024.2.2-~ --> conda-forge/noarch::certifi-2024.2.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0
conda pkgs/main::conda-24.1.2-py312h06a4308~ --> conda-forge::conda-24.1.2-py312h7900ff3_0
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Invalid choice: y
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
lwk@qwfys:~$安装完成以后，要确保用户目录配置文件.condarc中auto_activate_base: false被注释掉，或者将auto_activate_base: false修改为auto_activate_base: true。
参考文献