迭代器模式(Iterator)
定义
提供一种顺序访问一个聚合对象(容器)中各个元素的方法,而又不暴露其内部的表示。
使用场景
主要角色
- 迭代器Iterator
- 具体的迭代器ConcreteIterator
- 聚合Aggregate
- 具体的聚合ConcreteAggregate
类图

ArrayList真实的继承体系

示例代码
            
            
              java
              
              
            
          
          public interface Iterator<E> {
    
    boolean hasNext();
    
    E next();
    
    default void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove");
    }
    default void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        while (hasNext())
            action.accept(next());
    }
}java.util.ArrayList.Itr
            
            
              java
              
              
            
          
          private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
    int cursor;       // index of next element to return
    int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
    int expectedModCount = modCount;
    Itr() {}
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return cursor != size;
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E next() {
        checkForComodification();
        int i = cursor;
        if (i >= size)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
        if (i >= elementData.length)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        cursor = i + 1;
        return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
    }
    public void remove() {
        if (lastRet < 0)
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        checkForComodification();
        try {
            ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
            cursor = lastRet;
            lastRet = -1;
            expectedModCount = modCount;
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }
    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
        final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
        int i = cursor;
        if (i >= size) {
            return;
        }
        final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
        if (i >= elementData.length) {
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
        while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
            consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
        }
        // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
        cursor = i;
        lastRet = i - 1;
        checkForComodification();
    }
    final void checkForComodification() {
        if (modCount != expectedModCount)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
}java.util.ArrayList#iterator
            
            
              java
              
              
            
          
          public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    return new Itr();
}