目录
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目标
这次我们要学习把爬取到的数据存入数据库之中
过程
先修改配置文件
settings中添加下面的内容
# todo 配置 mysql数据库 # 这里是我的阿里云地址，你填你mysql的地址 DB_HOST = 'xx.xx.xx.xx' DB_PORT = 3306 DB_USER = 'root' DB_PASSWORD = '12345678' DB_NAME = 'spider01' DB_CHARSET = 'utf-8'
再修改pipelines.py
添加下面的代码
python
class MysqlPipeline:
def process_item(self, item, spider):
return item再添加配置
ITEM_PIPELINES = { "scrapy_readbook_090.pipelines.ScrapyReadbook090Pipeline": 300, # MysqlPipeline "scrapy_readbook_090.pipelines.MysqlPipeline": 301 }
。。。。
最后的结果是这样的
read.py
python
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy_readbook_090.items import ScrapyReadbook090Item
class ReadSpider(CrawlSpider):
name = "read"
allowed_domains = ["www.dushu.com"]
start_urls = ["https://www.dushu.com/book/1188_1.html"]
rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/book/1188_\d+\.html"),
callback="parse_item",
# true代表是否跟进
# 打开follow为true就会爬取全部网页
follow=True),)
def parse_item(self, response):
img_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="bookslist"]//img')
for img in img_list:
name = img.xpath('./@alt').extract_first()
img_src = img.xpath('./@data-original').extract_first()
book = ScrapyReadbook090Item(name=name, src=img_src)
yield bookpipelines.py
python
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
class ScrapyReadbook090Pipeline:
def open_spider(self, spider):
self.fp = open('book.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
def process_item(self, item, spider):
self.fp.write(str(item))
return item
def close_spider(self, spider):
self.fp.close()
# 加载settings文件
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
import pymysql
class MysqlPipeline:
def open_spider(self, spider):
settings = get_project_settings()
self.host = settings['DB_HOST']
self.port = settings['DB_PORT']
self.user = settings['DB_USER']
self.password = settings['DB_PASSWORD']
self.name = settings['DB_NAME']
self.charset = settings['DB_CHARSET']
self.connect()
def connect(self):
self.conn = pymysql.connect(
host=self.host,
port=self.port,
user=self.user,
password=self.password,
db=self.name,
charset=self.charset
)
# 可执行sql语句
self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
def process_item(self, item, spider):
sql = 'insert into book2(name,src) values("{}","{}")'.format(item['name'], item['src'])
# 执行SQL语句
self.cursor.execute(sql)
# 提交
self.conn.commit()
return item
def close_spider(self, spider):
self.cursor.close()
self.conn.close()items.py
python
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class ScrapyReadbook090Item(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
name = scrapy.Field()
src = scrapy.Field()settings.py
python
# Scrapy settings for scrapy_readbook_090 project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = "scrapy_readbook_090"
SPIDER_MODULES = ["scrapy_readbook_090.spiders"]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "scrapy_readbook_090.spiders"
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = "scrapy_readbook_090 (+http://www.yourdomain.com)"
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
# "Accept-Language": "en",
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# "scrapy_readbook_090.middlewares.ScrapyReadbook090SpiderMiddleware": 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# "scrapy_readbook_090.middlewares.ScrapyReadbook090DownloaderMiddleware": 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,
#}
# todo 配置 mysql数据库
DB_HOST = '8.137.20.36'
# 端口号要是整形
DB_PORT = 3306
DB_USER = 'root'
DB_PASSWORD = '12345678'
DB_NAME = 'spider01'
# utf-8的 - 不要写
DB_CHARSET = 'utf8'
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
"scrapy_readbook_090.pipelines.ScrapyReadbook090Pipeline": 300,
# MysqlPipeline
"scrapy_readbook_090.pipelines.MysqlPipeline": 301
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"
# Set settings whose default value is deprecated to a future-proof value
REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION = "2.7"
TWISTED_REACTOR = "twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor"
FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = "utf-8"最后是找到了4000条数据
可能是io进服务器的顺序问题，军娃不是最后一个，但是一页40本书，一共100页也是没有一点毛病了。(* ^ ▽ ^ *)
scrapy日志信息以及日志级别
Scrapy是一个基于Python的网络爬虫框架，它提供了强大的日志功能。Scrapy的日志信息以及日志级别如下：
-
DEBUG：调试级别，用于输出详细的调试信息，一般在开发和测试阶段使用。
-
INFO：信息级别，用于输出一些重要的信息，如爬虫的启动信息、请求的URL等。
-
WARNING：警告级别，用于输出一些不太严重的警告信息，如某个网页的解析出错，但不影响整个爬虫的执行。
-
ERROR：错误级别，用于输出一些错误信息，如爬虫的配置出错、网络连接异常等。
-
CRITICAL：严重级别，用于输出一些非常严重的错误信息，如爬虫的关键逻辑出错、无法连接到目标网站等。
默认的日志级别是DEBUG
Scrapy的日志信息可以在控制台中直接输出，也可以保存到文件中。可以通过设置Scrapy的配置文件或使用命令行参数来调整日志级别和输出方式。
以下是Scrapy的日志信息的示例：
2021-01-01 12:00:00 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2021-01-01 12:00:01 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled 200 OK
2021-01-01 12:00:01 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled 404 Not Found
2021-01-01 12:00:02 [scrapy.core.engine] WARNING: Ignoring response <404 Not Found>
2021-01-01 12:00:02 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled 200 OK
2021-01-01 12:00:02 [scrapy.core.engine] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET http://example.com>: Error parsing HTML
2021-01-01 12:00:03 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled 200 OK
2021-01-01 12:00:03 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2021-01-01 12:00:03 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats
settings.py文件设置
默认的级别是DEBUG，会显示上面的所有信息
在配置文件中 settings.py
LOG_FILE : 将屏幕显示的信息全部记录到文件中，屏幕不再显示，注意文件后最有一定是 .log
LOG_LEVEL : 设置日志的等级，就是显示那些，不显示那些
用百度实验一下
先把 "君子协议" 撕碎
python
# ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True指定日志级别
WARNING
在settings.py中添加下述代码
python
# 指定日志的级别
LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING'
==========是我在log.py中添加要打印的
就可以发现没有日志了
日志文件
我们先把上面配置的等级删除掉，再加上下述的代码
python
# 日志文件
LOG_FILE = 'logDemo.log'运行
世界依然清晰
但是日志已经存储在日志文件中了
注意
其实一般来说不要修改log的等级，如果报错也太难发现是什么问题了，所以一般为了控制台别打印那么多东西
scrapy的post请求
简介
在Scrapy中进行POST请求可以通过scrapy.FormRequest类来实现。下面是一个使用Scrapy进行POST请求的示例：
python
import scrapy
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'example.com'
start_urls = ['http://www.example.com/login']
def parse(self, response):
# 提取登录页的csrf token
csrf_token = response.css('input[name="csrf_token"]::attr(value)').get()
# 构建POST请求的表单数据
formdata = {
'username': 'myusername',
'password': 'mypassword',
'csrf_token': csrf_token
}
# 发送POST请求
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url='http://www.example.com/login', formdata=formdata, callback=self.after_login)
def after_login(self, response):
# 检查登录是否成功
if response.url == 'http://www.example.com/home':
self.log('Login successful')
# 处理登录成功后的响应数据
# ...
else:
self.log('Login failed')在上面的示例中，首先在parse方法中抓取登录页，并提取登录页的csrf token。然后构建一个包含用户名、密码和csrf token的字典，作为formdata参数传递给FormRequest对象。最后使用yield关键字发送POST请求，并指定回调函数after_login来处理登录后的响应。
在after_login方法中，可以根据响应的URL来判断登录是否成功。如果URL为登录后的首页URL，则登录成功，否则登录失败。可以在登录成功时做进一步的处理，如抓取用户信息，然后在控制台或日志中输出相应的信息。
需要注意的是，Scrapy的POST请求默认使用application/x-www-form-urlencoded方式来编码数据。如果需要发送JSON或其他类型的请求，可以通过设置headers参数来指定请求头，如：yield scrapy.FormRequest(url='http://www.example.com/login', formdata=formdata, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, callback=self.after_login)。
另外，如果需要在POST请求中上传文件，可以使用scrapy.FormRequest的files参数，将文件的路径作为值传递给表单字段。更多关于POST请求的用法和参数配置，请查阅Scrapy官方文档。
爬取百度翻译
只需要修改testpost.py这个自己创建的文件就行了
python
import scrapy
import json
class TestpostSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "testpost"
allowed_domains = ["fanyi.baidu.com"]
# post请求如果没有参数，那抹这个请求将没有任何的意义
# 所以 start_urls 也是没有用
# 而且 parse 方法也没有用了
# 所以直接注释掉
# TODO
# start_urls = ["https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug"]
#
# def parse(self, response):
# print("==========================")
# post请求就使用这个方法
def start_requests(self):
url = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
data = {
'kw': 'final'
}
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=url, formdata=data, callback=self.parse_second)
def parse_second(self, response):
content = response.text
obj = json.loads(content, encoding='utf-8')
print(obj)总结
从2月29号，到今天3月9号，一共过去了十天，完成了爬虫的入门，从urllib到scrapy，这条路很长但是也很简单，中间的配置Python软件包的版本问题时常可以阻碍我的脚步，但是我都一一将他们解决，困难毕竟只是困难，人定胜天，我命由我不由天，加油！！！ヾ(◍°∇°◍)ﾉﾞ
ヾ(￣▽￣)Bye~Bye~
完结撒花