本节内容主要针对的是在STL之前的string类的实现,通过模拟实现string类的一些功能来更好地使用string。本篇主要针对的是非const对象,如果要实现const的对象的话,只需要在对应的部分增添上const就行了。编者水平有限,如有错误欢迎指正。
目录
1.String.h
cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;
class String
{
friend istream& getline(istream &in, String &s);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&out,String&s);
friend istream& operator>>(istream &in, String &s);
public:
static const size_t npos = -1;
// 实现迭代器
typedef char *iterator;
typedef const char *const_iterator;
iterator begin()
{
return _str;
}
iterator end()
{
return _str + _size;
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
return _str;
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return _str + _size;
}
// 构造
String(const char *str = "");
// 析构
~String();
//拷贝构造
String(const String& s);
// 获取长度
size_t size() const;
// 获取容器容量
size_t capacity() const;
// 访问元素
char &operator[](size_t pos);
// 获取字符数组
const char *c_str() const;
// 容量预设
void reserve(size_t n);
// 调整大小
void resize(size_t n, char c = '\0');
// 尾插字符
void push_back(char c);
// 尾插字符串
void append(const char *s);
// 尾插数据
String &operator+=(const char *s);
String &operator+=(char c);
// 清除数据
String &erase(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);
// 查找字符或子串
size_t find(char c, size_t pos = 0) const;
size_t find(const char *s, size_t pos = 0) const;
// 取子串
String substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos) const;
// 清除
void clear();
// 交换
void swap(String &s);
// 插入
String &insert(size_t pos, char c);
String &insert(size_t pos, const char *s);
// 重载
String operator+(const char* s);
String &operator=(const String &s);
bool operator>(const String& s);
bool operator<(const String& s);
bool operator==(const String& s);
private:
// 长度
int _size;
// 容量
int _capacity;
// 内容
char *_str;
};
istream& getline(istream &in, String &s)
{
//先对原字符串进行清空
s.clear();
//然后获取字符,填充buff数组
char ch;
ch = in.get();
char buff[128];
size_t i = 0;
//取到'\n'截止
while (ch != '\n')
{
buff[i++] = ch;
//如若数组到头了,就将最后一个字符置为'\0',并将字符数组的值赋予给String对象
if (i == 127)
{
buff[127] = '\0';
s += buff;
i = 0;
}
ch = in.get();
}
if (i > 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
}
return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream&out,String&s)
{
out<<s._str<<endl;
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream&in,String&s)
{
//先对原字符串进行清空
s.clear();
//然后获取字符,填充buff数组
char ch;
ch = in.get();
char buff[128];
size_t i = 0;
//取到' '或者'\n'截止
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
buff[i++] = ch;
//如若数组到头了,就将最后一个字符置为'\0',并将字符数组的值赋予给String对象
if (i == 127)
{
buff[127] = '\0';
s += buff;
i = 0;
}
ch = in.get();
}
if (i > 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
}
return in;
}
String::String(const char *str) : _size(strlen(str))
{
//初始容量即为初始长度
_capacity = _size;
//开辟空间应该比_capacity多1个用来存储'\0'
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
//拷贝数值
strcpy(_str, str);
}
String::~String()
{
//防止二次释放
if(_str)
{
delete[] _str;
_str = nullptr;
_size = _capacity = 0;
}
}
String::String(const String &s)
{
//道理同构造函数
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
}
size_t String::size() const
{
return _size;
}
size_t String::capacity() const
{
return _capacity;
}
char &String::operator[](size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
const char *String::c_str() const
{
return _str;
}
void String::reserve(size_t n)
{
// 扩容,如果n大于_capacity,就扩容并挪动数据
assert(n > 0);
if (n > _capacity)
{
char *temp = new char[n + 1];
strcpy(temp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = temp;
_capacity = n;
}
}
void String::resize(size_t n, char c)
{
// 如果n小于了目前的长度,则从n起的所有元素被清除,大于目前的长度则扩容
if (n <= _size)
{
_str[n] = '\0';
_size = n;
}
else
{
reserve(n);
for (int i = _size; i < n; i++)
{
_str[i] = c;
}
_str[n] = '\0';
_size = n;
}
}
void String::push_back(char c)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size++] = c;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
void String::append(const char *s)
{
int len = strlen(s);
if (len + _size > _capacity)
{
reserve(len + _size);
}
strcpy(_str + _size, s);
_size += len;
}
String &String::operator+=(const char *s)
{
append(s);
return *this;
}
String &String::operator+=(char c)
{
push_back(c);
return *this;
}
String &String::erase(size_t pos, size_t len)
{
assert(pos < _size);
// 如果清除长度大于剩余长度,则一次性清完,否则擦除了之后就把剩下的copy到后面去
if (pos + len >= _size || len == npos)
{
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
else
{
strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
_size -= len;
}
return *this;
}
size_t String::find(char c, size_t pos) const
{
// 找到了返回相对于起点的定位索引,找不到返回npos
for (int i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
if (c == _str[i])
{
return i;
}
}
return npos;
}
size_t String::find(const char *s, size_t pos) const
{
// 找到了返回相对于起点的定位索引,找不到返回npos
const char *p = strstr(_str + pos, s);
if (p)
{
return p - _str;
}
else
{
return npos;
}
}
String String::substr(size_t pos, size_t len) const
{
String sub;
// 判断所取长度是否超过了剩余长度,是则直接取完,否则按需所取
if (len == npos || len >= _size - pos)
{
for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
sub += _str[i];
}
}
else
{
for (size_t i = pos; i < pos + len; i++)
{
sub += _str[i];
}
}
return sub;
}
void String::clear()
{
// 直接置为0即可
_size = 0;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
void String::swap(String &s)
{
std::swap(_str, s._str);
std::swap(_size, s._size);
std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
}
String &String::insert(size_t pos, char c)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
// 检查容量
if (_size = _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
}
// 挪动数据
size_t index = _size + 1;
while (index > pos)
{
_str[index] = _str[index - 1];
index--;
}
// 添加数据
_str[pos] = c;
_size++;
return *this;
}
String &String::insert(size_t pos, const char *s)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
// 先检查容量,挪动数据
size_t len = strlen(s);
if (len > _capacity - _size)
{
reserve(_capacity + len);
}
// 接着将数据从pos位置后移strlen(s)个单位
size_t end = _size + len;
while (end > pos + len - 1)
{
_str[end] = _str[end - len];
end--;
}
// 最后使用strncpy把s中的数据copy进去
strncpy(_str + pos, s, len);
_size += len;
return *this;
}
String String::operator+(const char*s)
{
//erro 浅拷贝导致同一块空间被多次delete(已订正)
String temp=*this;
temp+=s;
return temp;
}
String &String::operator=(const String &s)
{
//道理同拷贝构造,但是需要将原来指向的空间delete
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
delete[]_str;
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
return *this;
}
bool String::operator>(const String &s)
{
if(strcmp(_str,s._str)>0)
return true;
return false;
}
bool String::operator<(const String &s)
{
if(strcmp(_str,s._str)<0)
return true;
return false;
}
bool String::operator==(const String &s)
{
if(strcmp(_str,s._str)==0)
return true;
return false;
}
2.Test.cpp
cpp
#include "String.h"
void Test1()
{
String a1;
String a2("hahaha");
cout << a2[1] << endl;
cout << a2[0] << endl;
cout << a2.size() << endl;
cout << a2.capacity() << endl;
}
void Test2()
{
String a1("ssDut");
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
a1.reserve(3);
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
a1.reserve(20);
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
a1.resize(0);
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
a1.resize(23, 'a');
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
}
void Test3()
{
String a1("hello world");
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
cout << a1.size() << endl;
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// a1.push_back('a');
// cout<<a1.c_str()<<endl;
// cout<<a1.capacity()<<endl;
// cout<<a1.size()<<endl;
a1.append("Qinhan");
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
cout << a1.size() << endl;
}
void Test4()
{
String a1("I bite you");
// (a1+="r mother")+="Timi";
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
cout << a1.size() << endl;
a1.erase(3, 4);
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
cout << a1.size() << endl;
a1.erase();
cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
cout << a1.size() << endl;
// a1.erase(10, 10);
// cout << a1.c_str() << endl;
// cout << a1.capacity() << endl;
// cout << a1.size() << endl;
}
void Test5()
{
String a1("I bite you");
for(auto e:a1)
{
cout<<e<<endl;
}
cout<<"------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
// a1.insert(10,'c');
// a1.insert(2,"happy day");
// for(auto e:a1)
// {
// cout<<e<<endl;
// }
// cout<<(int)a1._str[a1._size]<<endl;
}
void Test6()
{
String a1("I bite you");
String a2=a1+"r mom";
for(auto e:a2)
{
cout<<e;
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<(a1<a2)<<endl;
}
void Test7()
{
String s1("Hello");
cout<<s1;
// cin>>s1;
getline(cin,s1);
cout<<s1;
}
int main()
{
Test7();
return 0;
}