http接口测试—自动化测试框架设计

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值（Json格式）

输出：字符串（传入的方式+传入的字符串）

http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer

二、程序设计

1、Client程序设计

读取Excel配置的测试用例数据

发送参数Json格式给Server，接收Server的返回数据

进行数据比对校验，返回测试结果，将数据插入到Excel中

2、Server端程序设计

接受Client的参数，进行解析

发送返回数据给client

三、实现方法

1、选用Java脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类。

3、调用http接口采用java自带的的API

4、测试需要的将参数转化成字符串

5、通过预期结果和实际结果的对比，将实际结果和对比结果写入Excel用例中，这里封装了一个类

6、首次执行测试采用人工检查输出的是否正确，一旦正确写入Excel的期望结果中，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。

四、Excel表格设计

五、代码结构

六、实现代码

1、ExcelUtil.java

package client;
 
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
 
public class ExcelUtil {
	
	//读取Excel中数据
	public static List<Param> read() throws Exception{
		 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
		 HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();
		 HSSFRow row = s.createRow(0);
		 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((int)0,0);
 
		 //－－－－－－－－－－－－从xls读出数据
		 wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream("D:\\learn\\test.xls"));
		 s = wb.getSheetAt(0);
		 
		 //获得EXCEL行数
		 int rowNums=s.getLastRowNum();
		 //获得Excell列数
		 //int columnNum=r.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
		 
		 List<Param> params=new ArrayList<Param>();
		 for(int i=1;i<=rowNums;i++){
			 HSSFRow r = s.getRow(i);
			 cell=r.getCell(0);
			 Param param= new Param();
			 param.setNo(r.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
			 param.setName(r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
			 param.setAge(r.getCell(2).getStringCellValue());
			 param.setSex(r.getCell(3).getStringCellValue());
			 param.setExpResu(r.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());
//			 System.out.println(cell.getRichStringCellValue());
			 params.add(param);
		 }
		 return params;
 
	}
 
	/**
	  * 写入Excel，在任意坐标处写入数据。
	  * String value：你要输入的内容
	  * int x ：行坐标，Excel从 0 算起
	  * int y   ：列坐标，Excel从 0 算起
	  */
		public static void writeCell(String filePath,int x,int y,String value) {
			try {
				// 创建Excel的工作书册 Workbook,对应到一个excel文档
				HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(filePath));
				HSSFSheet sheet=wb.getSheetAt(0);
				HSSFRow row=sheet.getRow(x);
				HSSFCell cell=row.getCell((short) y);
				cell.setCellValue(value);
				FileOutputStream os;
				os = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
				wb.write(os);
				os.close();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
 
		}
}

2、JsonsUtil.java

package client;
 
 
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
 
/**
 * 使用json-lib构造和解析Json数据
 */
public class JsonsUtil {
 
    /**将Bean转换成Map
     * 将Map转换Json数据
     */public static String BuildJson(Param param) throws JSONException {
 
        
    	 Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
         map1.put("no", param.getNo());
         map1.put("name", param.getName());
         map1.put("age", param.getAge());
         map1.put("sex", param.getSex());
//         map1.put("expResu", param.getExpResu());
    	 // JSON格式数据解析对象
        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
        // 将Map转换为JSONArray数据
        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
        ja.put(map1);
//        System.out.println("JSONArray对象数据格式："+ja.toString());
        jo.put("map", ja);
//        System.out.println("最终构造的JSON数据格式："+jo.toString());
        return jo.toString();
 
    }
 
    /**
     * 解析Json数据
     *
     */public static JSONArray ParseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException,
            ParseException {
 
        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(jsonString);
        JSONArray ja = jo.getJSONArray("map");
//        System.out.println(ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("name"));
        return ja;
    }
}

3、Param.java

package client;
 
public class Param {
	
	String no;//编号
	String name;//姓名
	String age;//年龄
	String sex;//性别
	String expResu;//期望结果
	String actResu;//实际结果
	String pass;//是否通过
	String desc;//描述
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
 
	
	public String getNo() {
		return no;
	}
 
	public void setNo(String no) {
		this.no = no;
	}
 
	public String getAge() {
		return age;
	}
 
	public void setAge(String age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
 
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
 
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
 
	public String getExpResu() {
		return expResu;
	}
 
	public void setExpResu(String expResu) {
		this.expResu = expResu;
	}
 
	public String getActResu() {
		return actResu;
	}
 
	public void setActResu(String actResu) {
		this.actResu = actResu;
	}
 
	public String getPass() {
		return pass;
	}
 
	public void setPass(String pass) {
		this.pass = pass;
	}
 
	public String getDesc() {
		return desc;
	}
 
	public void setDesc(String desc) {
		this.desc = desc;
	}
}

4、CompareRes.java

package client;
 
public class CompareRes {
 
	int actResuNo=5;//测试结果在第五例
	int passNo=6;//对比结果在第六列
	
	public  void compare(String filePath,Param param,String actResu){
		
		ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),actResuNo,actResu);
		if(param.getExpResu().trim().equals(actResu)){
			ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"Y");
		}else{
			ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"N");
		}
	}
}

5、TestClient .java

package client;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
 
public class TestClient {
	
	public static void main(String[]agrs){
		TestClient a=new TestClient();
		try {
			a.client();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	public void client() throws Exception{
		
		List<Param> params = ExcelUtil.read();
		for(Param pa:params){
			try {
				// 接报文的地址
				String filePath="D:\\learn\\test.xls";
				String param= new JsonsUtil().BuildJson(pa);
				URL serverUrl= new URL("http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer");
 
				URLConnection uct= serverUrl.openConnection();
				HttpURLConnection hutc=(HttpURLConnection)uct;	
				// 设置报文参数
				hutc.setRequestMethod("POST");
				
				// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在 http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false; 
				hutc.setDoOutput(true);
				
				// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true
				hutc.setDoInput(true);	
//				hutc.setAllowUserInteraction(true);
				
				// 开启流，写入数据data
				OutputStream out=hutc.getOutputStream();
				
				out.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));
				out.flush();
				out.close();
				
				// 获取返回的数据	
				StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
				BufferedReader reader = null;
				InputStream ins=hutc.getInputStream();
				reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins,"UTF-8"));
				String sg=reader.readLine();
				if (sg!= null){
			           buffer.append(sg);
			     }
			        System.out.println("接收返回值:" + buffer);
			        new CompareRes().compare(filePath, pa, buffer.toString());
				
				
			} catch (Exception e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
	
	}
}

6、TestServer

public class TestServer extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	 private static JSONArray ja;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public TestServer() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try {
			this.excute(request, response);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
 
	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try {
			this.excute(request, response);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public void excute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/xml");
		String method=request.getMethod();
		String url=request.getRequestURI();
		String param;
	       // 获取收到的报文
        BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
        String line = "";
        line = reader.readLine();
        ja=new JsonsUtil().ParseJson(line);		
		StringBuffer resultBuffer=new StringBuffer();
		resultBuffer.append("访问方式"+method+"访问成功");
		resultBuffer.append("接收到的数据："+line);
		PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
		out.println(resultBuffer.toString());
		out.flush();
		out.close();
		
	}
}

7、web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>TestServer</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.servlet.TestServer</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>TestServer</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/lctest/TestServer</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

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