目录
[二、JDK 中单例的体现](#二、JDK 中单例的体现)
一、五种单例模式的实现方式
1.饿汉模式
java
public class Singleton1 implements Serializable {
private Singleton1() {
if (INSTANCE != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("单例对象不能重复创建");
}
System.out.println("private Singleton1()");
}
private static final Singleton1 INSTANCE = new Singleton1();
public static Singleton1 getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
public static void otherMethod() {
System.out.println("otherMethod()");
}
public Object readResolve() {
return INSTANCE;
}
}
-
构造方法抛出异常是防止反射破坏单例
-
readResolve()
是防止反序列化破坏单例
2.饿汉枚举类型
java
public enum Singleton2 {
INSTANCE;
private Singleton2() {
System.out.println("private Singleton2()");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
}
public static Singleton2 getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
public static void otherMethod() {
System.out.println("otherMethod()");
}
}
- 枚举饿汉式能天然防止反射、反序列化破坏单例
3.懒汉式
java
public class Singleton3 implements Serializable {
private Singleton3() {
System.out.println("private Singleton3()");
}
private static Singleton3 INSTANCE = null;
// Singleton3.class
public static synchronized Singleton3 getInstance() {
if (INSTANCE == null) {
INSTANCE = new Singleton3();
}
return INSTANCE;
}
public static void otherMethod() {
System.out.println("otherMethod()");
}
}
-
其实只有首次创建单例对象时才需要同步,但该代码实际上每次调用都会同步
-
因此有了下面的双检锁改进
4.双检锁懒汉式
java
public class Singleton4 implements Serializable {
private Singleton4() {
System.out.println("private Singleton4()");
}
private static volatile Singleton4 INSTANCE = null; // 可见性,有序性
public static Singleton4 getInstance() {
if (INSTANCE == null) {
synchronized (Singleton4.class) {
if (INSTANCE == null) {
INSTANCE = new Singleton4();
}
}
}
return INSTANCE;
}
public static void otherMethod() {
System.out.println("otherMethod()");
}
}
为何必须加 volatile:
-
INSTANCE = new Singleton4()
不是原子的,分成 3 步:创建对象、调用构造、给静态变量赋值,其中后两步可能被指令重排序优化,变成先赋值、再调用构造 -
如果线程1 先执行了赋值,线程2 执行到第一个
INSTANCE == null
时发现 INSTANCE 已经不为 null,此时就会返回一个未完全构造的对象
5.内部类懒汉式
java
public class Singleton5 implements Serializable {
private Singleton5() {
System.out.println("private Singleton5()");
}
private static class Holder {
static Singleton5 INSTANCE = new Singleton5();
}
public static Singleton5 getInstance() {
return Holder.INSTANCE;
}
public static void otherMethod() {
System.out.println("otherMethod()");
}
}
- 避免了双检锁的缺点
二、JDK 中单例的体现
-
Runtime 体现了饿汉式单例
-
Console 体现了双检锁懒汉式单例
-
Collections 中的 EmptyNavigableSet 内部类懒汉式单例
-
ReverseComparator.REVERSE_ORDER 内部类懒汉式单例
-
Comparators.NaturalOrderComparator.INSTANCE 枚举饿汉式单例