OSPF综合实验

一、实验要求

1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;

5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;

6、全网可达;

二、配置思路

area 0

总地址:172.16.0.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.0.0/24--P2P

172.16.1.0/24--MA

172.16.2.0/24--R4(环回)

172.16.3.0/24--85 (环回)

172.16.4.0/24--R6(环回)

172.16.5.0/24--R7(环回)

172.16.6.0/24--隧道


area 1

总地址: 172.16.32.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.32.0/24--P2P

172.16.33.0/24--MA

172.16.34.0/24--R1 (环回)

172.16.35.0/24--R2 (环回)

172.16.36.0/24--R3 (环回)


area 2

总地址:172.16.64.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.64.0/24--P2P

172.16.65.0/24--MA

172.16.65.0/30

172.16.65.4/30

172.16.66.0/24--R11(环回)


area 3

总地址:172.16.96.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.96.0/24--P2P

172.16.97.8/24--MA

172.16.97.8/30

172.16.97.4/30

172.16.98.0/24--R8(环回)


area 4

总地址:172.16.128.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.128.0/24--P2P

172.16.129.0/24--MA

172.16.129.0/30

172.16.130.4/24--R9(环回)

172.16.131.0/24--R10(环回)


第一步:配置IP

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

[R2]int g 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s 4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24

[R3-Serial4/0/0]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24

[R4]int s 3/0/0

[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int s 3/0/1

[R4-Serial3/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/1]int s 4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/0]int g 0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24

[R5]int s 4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24

[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24

[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g 0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24

[R7]int g 0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24

[R11]int g 0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24

[R12-LoopBack0]int l1

[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24

dis ip int brief 检查接口是否双up

第二步:搞私网通和公网通

私网:分区域配置路由协议 宣告网段

area 0:

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

area 1:

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

dis ospf peer brief :检查邻居表 是否full

area 2:

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255

[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

ospf域外的网段需要宣告进RIP

配置R12上的RIP

[R12]rip 1

[R12-rip-1]v 2

[R12-rip-1]undo summary

[R12-rip-1]ne 172.16.0.0

进入ospf进程下引入rip

让其他人知道该网段 做路由引入

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

dis ip routing-table 查看路由表

area 3:

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

area 4 :

多进程双向重发布

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]a 4

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255

[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10

[R10-ospf-2]a 4

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

进入R9在ospf1、2进程下引入另一个进程 相互引入

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[R9-ospf-1]q

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

公网:配置静态缺省

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

在R7上测试:ping -a 47.0.0.7 34.0.0.3

搭建MGRE隧道

在中心站点配置:

[R3]int t 0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100(创建nhrp域)

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic (开启广播)

在分支站点配置:

[R5]int t 0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100(加入域中)

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register (找中心站点注册)

[R6]int t 0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

在中心站点查看注册信息:dis nhrp peer all

通过ospf协议把私网路由通过隧道去传递

在ospf宣告隧道:

ospf 1

a 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

修改隧道类型:修改成广播类型

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

DR和BDR选举混乱:现在只保留中心站点的选举权力

分支站点放弃选举:

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

在R3上查看建邻情况:dis ospf peer brief

R3上检查路由表:dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

R10上检查路由表:dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

测试:在R1上 pingR10和RIP网段

<R1>ping 172.16.160.12

<R1>ping 172.16.131.10

第三步:配置nat easy ip 使得能够访问R4的环回

[R3]acl 2000

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R3]int s 4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R5]acl 2000

[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R5]int s 4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R6]acl 2000

[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R6]int s 4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R7]acl 2000

[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

在R1上 ping 172.168.2.4 发现访问不上 (因为没有宣告)

这里需要下发一条默认缺省让其他路由器能够访问公网口----在配置特殊区域后会自动下发默认缺省

第五个问题:去做路由汇总

区域汇总:

ABR汇总:

area 1

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

area 2

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

area 3

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

ASBR汇总:

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

在R5上查看 dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

查看lsdb表:dis ospf lsdb

第四步:配置特殊区域

area 1 ----- totally stub

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

R1:dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

R1:dis ospf lsdb


area 2 ----- totally nssa

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R11]ospf 1

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

R11:dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

R11:dis ospf lsdb


area 3 ----- totally nssa

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R8]ospf 1

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

R8:dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

R8:dis ospf lsdb

其他路由通过缺省路由访问,R10无法学习到其他的路由

在R9给R10下发默认缺省让R10能够访问其他网段:

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise (不用加always因为R9上有默认缺省,没有的话就要加上always)

倒数第二步:更改hello时间加快收敛

area 0:

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 1:

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 2:

[R6]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 3:

[R7]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R8]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 4:

[R9]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

测试:

R3:ping -a 172.16.6.3 172.16.6.6

R3:ping 172.16.34.1

R1:ping 172.16.131.10

最后一步:配置认证保证安全

area 0:

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R5]ospf 1

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

R3: dis ospf peer brief

area 1:

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

R2: dis ospf peer brief

area 2:

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R11]ospf 1

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

R11: dis ospf peer brief

area 3:

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R8]ospf 1

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

R8 dis ospf peer brief

area 4:

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]a 4

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

[R10]ospf 2

[R10-ospf-2]a 4

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

R10 :dis ospf peer brief

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