OSPF综合实验

一、实验要求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；

5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；

6、全网可达；

二、配置思路

area 0

总地址:172.16.0.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.0.0/24--P2P

172.16.1.0/24--MA

172.16.2.0/24--R4(环回）

172.16.3.0/24--85 (环回）

172.16.4.0/24--R6(环回)

172.16.5.0/24--R7(环回)

172.16.6.0/24--隧道

---

area 1

总地址: 172.16.32.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.32.0/24--P2P

172.16.33.0/24--MA

172.16.34.0/24--R1 (环回)

172.16.35.0/24--R2 (环回）

172.16.36.0/24--R3 (环回)

---

area 2

总地址:172.16.64.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.64.0/24--P2P

172.16.65.0/24--MA

172.16.65.0/30

172.16.65.4/30

172.16.66.0/24--R11(环回)

---

area 3

总地址:172.16.96.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.96.0/24--P2P

172.16.97.8/24--MA

172.16.97.8/30

172.16.97.4/30

172.16.98.0/24--R8(环回)

---

area 4

总地址:172.16.128.0/19

用户地址:

172.16.128.0/24--P2P

172.16.129.0/24--MA

172.16.129.0/30

172.16.130.4/24--R9(环回)

172.16.131.0/24--R10(环回)

---

第一步：配置IP

R1\]int g0/0/0 \[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.33.1 24 \[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l0 \[R1-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.34.1 24  \[R2\]int g 0/0/0 \[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.33.2 24 \[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l0 \[R2-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.35.2 24 \[R3\]int g0/0/0 \[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.33.3 24 \[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int s 4/0/0 \[R3-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 34.0.0.3 24 \[R3-Serial4/0/0\]int l0 \[R3-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.36.3 24 \[R4\]int s 3/0/0 \[R4-Serial3/0/0\]ip add 34.0.0.4 24 \[R4-Serial3/0/0\]int s 3/0/1 \[R4-Serial3/0/1\]ip add 45.0.0.4 24 \[R4-Serial3/0/1\]int s 4/0/0 \[R4-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 46.0.0.4 24 \[R4-Serial4/0/0\]int g 0/0/0 \[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 47.0.0.4 24 \[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l0 \[R4-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.2.4 24 \[R5\]int s 4/0/0 \[R5-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 45.0.0.5 24 \[R5-Serial4/0/0\]int l0 \[R5-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.3.5 24 \[R6-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 46.0.0.6 24 \[R6-Serial4/0/0\]int g 0/0/0 \[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.65.1 30 \[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l0 \[R6-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.4.6 24 \[R7\]int g 0/0/0 \[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 47.0.0.7 24 \[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g 0/0/1 \[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.97.1 30 \[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int l0 \[R7-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.5.7 24 \[R8\]int g0/0/0 \[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.97.2 30 \[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.97.5 30 \[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int l0 \[R8-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.98.8 24 \[R9\]int g0/0/0 \[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.97.6 30 \[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.129.1 30 \[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int l0 \[R9-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.130.9 24  \[R10\]int g0/0/0 \[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.129.2 30 \[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l0 \[R10-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.131.10 24 \[R11\]int g 0/0/0 \[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.65.2 30 \[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.65.5 30 \[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int l0 \[R11-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.66.11 24 \[R12\]int g0/0/0 \[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.65.6 30 \[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l0 \[R12-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.160.12 24 \[R12-LoopBack0\]int l1 \[R12-LoopBack1\]ip add 172.16.161.12 24 dis ip int brief 检查接口是否双up **第二步：搞私网通和公网通** **私网：分区域配置路由协议 宣告网段** **area 0：** \[R5\]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 \[R5-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 \[R6\]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 \[R6-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 \[R7\]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 \[R7-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 **area 1：** \[R1\]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 \[R1-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]ne 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0 \[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]ne 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255 \[R2\]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 \[R2-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]ne 172.16.33.2 0.0.0.0 \[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]ne 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255 \[R3\]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 \[R3-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]ne 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]ne 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255 dis ospf peer brief :检查邻居表 是否full  **area 2：** \[R6\]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 \[R6-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]ne 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0 \[R11\]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11 \[R11-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]ne 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0 \[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]ne 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0 \[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]ne 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255 \[R12\]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12 \[R12-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]ne 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0 ospf域外的网段需要宣告进RIP 配置R12上的RIP \[R12\]rip 1 \[R12-rip-1\]v 2 \[R12-rip-1\]undo summary \[R12-rip-1\]ne 172.16.0.0 进入ospf进程下引入rip 让其他人知道该网段 做路由引入 \[R12\]ospf 1 \[R12-ospf-1\]import-route rip dis ip routing-table 查看路由表  **area 3：** \[R7\]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 \[R7-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]ne 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0 \[R8\]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8 \[R8-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]ne 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0 \[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]ne 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0 \[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]ne 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255 \[R9\]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9 \[R9-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]ne 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0 **area 4 ：** **多进程双向重发布** \[R9\]ospf 2 \[R9-ospf-2\]a 4 \[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]ne 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0 \[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]ne 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255 \[R10\]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10 \[R10-ospf-2\]a 4 \[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]ne 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0 \[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]ne 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255 进入R9在ospf1、2进程下引入另一个进程 相互引入 \[R9\]ospf 1 \[R9-ospf-1\]import-route ospf 2 \[R9-ospf-1\]q \[R9\]ospf 2 \[R9-ospf-2\]import-route ospf 1  **公网：配置静态缺省** \[R3\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4 \[R5\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4 \[R6\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4 \[R7\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4 在R7上测试：ping -a 47.0.0.7 34.0.0.3  **搭建MGRE隧道** **在中心站点配置：** \[R3\]int t 0/0/0 \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.6.3 24 \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]source Serial 4/0/0 \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp network-id 100（创建nhrp域） \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry multicast dynamic （开启广播）  **在分支站点配置：** \[R5\]int t 0/0/0 \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.6.5 24 \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]source Serial 4/0/0 \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp network-id 100（加入域中） \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register （找中心站点注册） \[R6\]int t 0/0/0 \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.6.6 24 \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]source Serial 4/0/0 \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp network-id 100 \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register \[R7\]int t0/0/0 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.6.7 24 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]source g0/0/0 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp network-id 100 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register  在中心站点查看注册信息：dis nhrp peer all  **通过ospf协议把私网路由通过隧道去传递** **在ospf宣告隧道:** ospf 1 a 0 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 \[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 **修改隧道类型：修改成广播类型** \[R3\]int t0/0/0 \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type broadcast  \[R5\]int t0/0/0 \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type broadcast \[R6\]int t0/0/0 \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type broadcast \[R7\]int t0/0/0 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type broadcast **DR和BDR选举混乱：现在只保留中心站点的选举权力** **分支站点放弃选举：** \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf dr-priority 0  \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf dr-priority 0 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf dr-priority 0 在R3上查看建邻情况：dis ospf peer brief  R3上检查路由表：dis ip routing-table protocol ospf  R10上检查路由表：dis ip routing-table protocol ospf 测试：在R1上 pingR10和RIP网段 \ping 172.16.160.12 \ping 172.16.131.10  **第三步：配置nat easy ip 使得能够访问R4的环回** \[R3\]acl 2000 \[R3-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 \[R3\]int s 4/0/0 \[R3-Serial4/0/0\]nat outbound 2000 \[R5\]acl 2000 \[R5-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 \[R5\]int s 4/0/0 \[R5-Serial4/0/0\]nat outbound 2000 \[R6\]acl 2000 \[R6-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 \[R6\]int s 4/0/0 \[R6-Serial4/0/0\]nat outbound 2000 \[R7\]acl 2000 \[R7-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 \[R7\]int g0/0/0 \[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]nat outbound 2000 在R1上 ping 172.168.2.4 发现访问不上 （因为没有宣告）  这里需要下发一条默认缺省让其他路由器能够访问公网口----在配置特殊区域后会自动下发默认缺省 **第五个问题：去做路由汇总** **区域汇总：** **ABR汇总：** area 1 \[R3\]ospf 1 \[R3-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0  area 2 \[R6\]ospf 1 \[R6-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0  area 3 \[R7\]ospf 1 \[R7-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0  **ASBR汇总：** \[R12\]ospf 1 \[R12-ospf-1\]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0 \[R9\]ospf 1 \[R9-ospf-1\]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0 在R5上查看 dis ip routing-table protocol ospf  查看lsdb表：dis ospf lsdb  **第四步：配置特殊区域** area 1 ----- totally stub \[R3\]ospf 1 \[R3-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]stub no-summary  \[R1\]ospf 1 \[R1-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]stub no-summary \[R2\]ospf 1 \[R2-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]stub no-summary R1：dis ip routing-table protocol ospf R1:dis ospf lsdb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ area 2 ----- totally nssa \[R6\]ospf 1 \[R6-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]nssa no-summary  \[R11\]ospf 1 \[R11-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]nssa no-summary \[R12\]ospf 1 \[R12-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]nssa no-summary R11：dis ip routing-table protocol ospf R11:dis ospf lsdb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ area 3 ----- totally nssa \[R7\]ospf 1 \[R7-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]nssa no-summary  \[R8\]ospf 1 \[R8-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]nssa no-summary \[R9\]ospf 1 \[R9-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]nssa no-summary R8：dis ip routing-table protocol ospf  R8:dis ospf lsdb  其他路由通过缺省路由访问，R10无法学习到其他的路由 在R9给R10下发默认缺省让R10能够访问其他网段： \[R9\]ospf 2 \[R9-ospf-2\]default-route-advertise （不用加always因为R9上有默认缺省，没有的话就要加上always） **倒数第二步：更改hello时间加快收敛** area 0： \[R3\]int t0/0/0 \[R3-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R5\]int t0/0/0 \[R5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R6\]int t0/0/0 \[R6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R7\]int t0/0/0 \[R7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 area 1： \[R1\]int g0/0/0 \[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R2\]int g0/0/0 \[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R3\]int g0/0/0 \[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 area 2： \[R6\]int g0/0/0 \[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R11\]int g0/0/0 \[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R11\]int g0/0/1 \[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R12\]int g0/0/0 \[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 area 3： \[R7\]int g0/0/1 \[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R8\]int g0/0/0 \[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R8\]int g0/0/1 \[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R9\]int g0/0/0 \[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 area 4： \[R9\]int g0/0/1 \[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 5 \[R10\]int g0/0/0 \[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 5 测试： R3：ping -a 172.16.6.3 172.16.6.6  R3:ping 172.16.34.1  R1:ping 172.16.131.10 **最后一步：配置认证保证安全** area 0： \[R3\]ospf 1 \[R3-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R5\]ospf 1 \[R5-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R7\]ospf 1 \[R7-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R6\]ospf 1 \[R6-ospf-1\]a 0 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 R3： dis ospf peer brief area 1： \[R3\]ospf 1 \[R3-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R1\]ospf 1 \[R1-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R2\]ospf 1 \[R2-ospf-1\]a 1 \[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 R2： dis ospf peer brief area 2： \[R6\]ospf 1 \[R6-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R11\]ospf 1 \[R11-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R12\]ospf 1 \[R12-ospf-1\]a 2 \[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 R11： dis ospf peer brief area 3： \[R7\]ospf 1 \[R7-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R8\]ospf 1 \[R8-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R9\]ospf 1 \[R9-ospf-1\]a 3 \[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 R8 dis ospf peer brief area 4： \[R9\]ospf 2 \[R9-ospf-2\]a 4 \[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 \[R10\]ospf 2 \[R10-ospf-2\]a 4 \[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123 R10 ：dis ospf peer brief