shell--while循环

1.基本语法

bash 复制代码

while [ 条件表达式 ]
do
	语句
	语句
done

示例：循环输出 1~10这几个数

bash 复制代码

[root@openEuler ~]# cat while1.sh 
#!/bin/bash

i=1
while [ $i -le 10 ]
do
	echo $i
	let i++
done

示例：使用 exec 读取指定文件的内容并循环输出。

bash 复制代码

# 第一步创建文件及内容
[root@openEuler ~]# cat > myfile << EOF
> open
> openlab
> openlab123
> linux
> readhat
> EOF
[root@openEuler ~]# cat myfile 
open
openlab
openlab123
linux
readhat
# 第二步：编写脚本来实现文件读取并循环输出
[root@openEuler ~]# cat while2.sh 
#!/bin/bash

exec < myfile

while read line
do
	echo $line
done
[root@openEuler ~]# bash while2.sh 
open
openlab
openlab123
linux
readhat

使用另一种方式来读取文件：

bash 复制代码

[root@openEuler ~]# cat while3.sh 
#!/bin/bash

while read line
do
	echo $line
done < myfile
[root@openEuler ~]# bash while3.sh 
open
openlab
openlab123
linux
readhat

2.无限循环

在 while 的表达式中，可以指定以下几个特殊值：

true 它会一直循环，而且它的状态返码是 0
false 它不做任何事，表示成功，状态码为 0
: 它的作用与 true 相同，都是进行无限循环

示例：

bash 复制代码

[root@openEuler ~]# while true ; do echo 123123 ; done   #会一直循环

[root@openEuler ~]# while false ; do echo 123123 ; done
[root@openEuler ~]# echo $?
0

[root@openEuler ~]# while : ; do echo 123123 ; done

3.使用示例

bash 复制代码

[root@openEuler ~]# cat while4.sh 
#!/bin/bash

price=$[ $RANDOM % 100 ]
time=0

while true
do
	read -p 'Please enter product price [0-99]: ' input
	let time++
	if [ $input -eq $price ]; then
		echo 'Good luck, you guessed it.'
		echo 'You have guessed $time times.'
		exit 0
	elif [ $input -gt $price ]; then
		echo "$input is to high"
	else
		echo "$input is to low"
	fi
	if [ $time -eq 5 ]; then
		echo "You have guessed is 5 times. exit"
		exit 1
	fi
done
[root@openEuler ~]# bash while4.sh 
Please enter product price [0-99]: 50
50 is to low
Please enter product price [0-99]: 80
80 is to high
Please enter product price [0-99]: 70
70 is to high
Please enter product price [0-99]: 60
60 is to low
Please enter product price [0-99]: 65
65 is to low
You have guessed is 5 times. exit
[root@openEuler ~]#

示例：使用while读取文件

bash 复制代码

# 1. 创建文件
[root@openEuler ~]# cat ips
192.168.72.131  22
192.168.72.132  23
192.168.72.133  22

# 2. 编写脚本 
[root@openEuler ~]# cat while6.sh 
#!/bin/bash

while read line
do
	IP=`echo $line|cut -d" " -f1`   # 也可以使用awk来实现，如：IP=`echo $line|awk '{print $1}'`
	PORT=$(echo $line|cut -d " " -f 2)
	echo "IP:$IP, PORT:${PORT}"
done < ips

# 3. 运行测试
[root@openEuler ~]# bash while6.sh 
IP:192.168.72.131, PORT:22
IP:192.168.72.132, PORT:23
IP:192.168.72.133, PORT:22