查询语法
基础查询
1.查询多个字段
select 字段列表 from 表名;
select * from 表名;--查询所有数据
sql
insert into people (id,name,sex) values(1,'小明','男'),(2,'小红','女'),(3,'小李','男');
insert into people (id,name,sex) values(3,'小龙','男'),(4,'小飞','男');
update people set id=4 where name='小龙';
update people set id=5 where name='小飞';
select id,name from people;-- 查询id 和name字段;
sql
select * from people;-- 查询所有字段
2.去除重复记录
select distinct 字段名1,字段名2,... from 表名;
去除字段相同的行,只留一行;
sql
insert into people(id,name ,sex) values(5,'小飞','女');
-- 去重
select distinct id,name from people;-- 去除id,name一样的行,不管sex是否相同
可见,已经去重
3.查询时给列,表指定别名需要使用AS关键字
select 字段名1 AS 别名,字段名2 AS 别名 ...from 表名;
select 字段名1 AS别名,字段名2 AS 别名 ... from 表名 AS 别名;
sql
select name AS "姓名", sex AS "性别" from people ;
条件查询
1.条件基础查询
select 字段列表 from 表名 where 条件列表;
sql
create table student
(
id int,
name varchar(10),
age int,
math int,
english int
);
insert into student values(1,'小李',18,90,80),(2,'小红',20,59,78),(3,'小飞',22,100,57);
select * from student;
-- 查找数学大于80的人
select id, name, age, math, english from student where math>=80;
-- 查找英语小于60的人
select id,name,age,math,student.english from student where english<60;#注意,不会查询到english数值为null的学生
-- 查找年龄不是20的人
select id, name, age, math, english from student where age!=20;
select id, name, age, math, english from student where age<>20;
-- 查找年龄大于18岁,且数学大于60分的学生
select id, name, age, math, english from student where age>18 and math>60;
select id, name, age, math, english from student where age>18 && math>60;
-- 查找 年龄大于18,或者数学大于60分的学生
select id, name, age, math, english
from student
where age>18 or math>60;
select id, name, age, math, english
from student
where age>18 || math>60;
-- 查找id 为1,3的学生
select id, name, age, math, english from student where id in(1,3);
select id, name, age, math, english from student where id=1 or id=3;
2.范围查询
between 值1 and 值2 ---表示从值1到值2的范围,包头又包尾
例如: age between 80 and 100;
相当于 age>=80 and age<=100;
sql
-- 查找数学在80到100的范围
select id, name, age, math, english from student where math between 80 and 100;
3.模糊查询
select 字段列表 from 表名 where 字段名 like 模糊查询的关键字(关键字通常和通配符号关联)
通配符:
%:表示任意个数据
_:表示任意一个数据
sql
-- 查找姓何的所有学生
select id, name, age, math, english from student where name like '何%';
-- 查找名字包含美字的学生
select id, name, age, math, english from student where name like '%美%';
-- 查找名字是马**的学生
select id, name, age, math, english from student where name like '马_';
4.排序查询
select 字段列表 from 表名 order by 字段名1 排序规则(升序或者降序),字段2 排序规则...
不写where
升序:ASC(默认,可以不写)
降序:DESC
注意:如果又多个排序条件,当前边的条件值一样时,才会根据第二条件进行排序
sql
-- 以年龄升序排序
select id, name, age, math, english from student order by age ASC;
-- 以年龄降序,如果年龄相同以数学成绩降序
select id, name, age, math, english from student order by age DESC,math DESC;