WPF2 样式布局

样式布局

WPF中的各类控件元素, 都可以自由的设置其样式。 诸如:

字体(FontFamily)

字体大小(FontSize)

背景颜色(Background)

字体颜色(Foreground)

边距(Margin)

水平位置(HorizontalAlignment)

垂直位置(VerticalAlignment) 等等。

而样式则是组织和重用以上的重要工具。不是使用重复的标记填充XAML, 通过Styles创建一系列封装所有这些细节的样式。然后通过Style属性应用封装好的样式。这点类似于CSS样式。然而, WPF样式的功能更加强大, 如控件的行为。WPF的样式还支持触发器(后面章节会讲到)。

示例

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Content="button1" FontSize="18" Foreground="White" Background="Red"/>
            <Button Content="button1" FontSize="18" Foreground="White" Background="Red"/>
            <Button Content="button1" FontSize="18" Foreground="White" Background="Red"/>
            <Button Content="button1" FontSize="18" Foreground="White" Background="Red"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

优化

样式是组织和重用的工具。 而上面的代码, 由于每个元素都是相同的, 但是每个元素XAML都重复定义。

下面将介绍通过样式如何优化上面的代码。

提取元素

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"/>
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
            <Setter Property="Content" Value="button1"/>
            
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button />
            <Button />
            <Button />
            <Button />
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

此时按钮的样式还在

单独定义

每个控件的外观

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle" TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"/>
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
            <Setter Property="Content" Value="button1"/>
            
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button />
            <Button />
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

BaseOn 继承样式

基类往往定义公共元素

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style x:Key="BaseButtonStyle" TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"/>
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
        </Style>

        <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle" TargetType="Button" BasedOn="{StaticResource BaseButtonStyle}">
            <Setter Property="Content" Value="button1"/>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button />
            <Button />
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

样式完全相同

Style和 控件内同时有相同元素时候，元素内优先级永远是最高的。会覆盖样式中的同类属性

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style x:Key="BaseButtonStyle" TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"/>
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
        </Style>

        <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle" TargetType="Button" BasedOn="{StaticResource BaseButtonStyle}">
            <Setter Property="Content" Value="button1"/>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Content="hello1" Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button Content="hello2" Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button />
            <Button />
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

这里改变了控件内Content内容

TargetType 的设置为类型必须和控件保持一致，否者不可用

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
    <!--这里改变为checkbook-->
        <Style x:Key="BaseButtonStyle" TargetType="CheckBox">
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"/>
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
        </Style>

        <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle" TargetType="Button" BasedOn="{StaticResource BaseButtonStyle}">
            <Setter Property="Content" Value="button1"/>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Content="hello1" Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button Content="hello2" Style="{StaticResource ButtonStyle}"/>
            <Button />
            <Button />
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>