DVWA-Insecure CAPTCHA

y06_z2024-06-06 14:10

本模块是绕过修改密码需要的验证码，验证码使用的是 Google 提供 reCAPTCHA 服务，这个服务我们使用不了，下面讲一下绕过就好了，不影响。

Low

看下后端代码，有两部分POST step1为正常过验证，step2为修改密码。通过step1才能到step2修改密码。但是如果我们直接把POST step改为2的话就可以绕过验证，直接修改密码。

php 复制代码 
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '1' ) ) {
	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

	// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
	$resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
		$_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key'],
		$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
	);

	// Did the CAPTCHA fail?
	if( !$resp ) {
		// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
		$html     .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
		return;
	}
	else {
		// CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
		if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
			// Show next stage for the user
			$html .= "
				<pre><br />You passed the CAPTCHA! Click the button to confirm your changes.<br /></pre>
				<form action=\"#\" method=\"POST\">
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"step\" value=\"2\" />
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_new\" value=\"{$pass_new}\" />
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_conf\" value=\"{$pass_conf}\" />
					<input type=\"submit\" name=\"Change\" value=\"Change\" />
				</form>";
		}
		else {
			// Both new passwords do not match.
			$html     .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
			$hide_form = false;
		}
	}
}

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '2' ) ) {
	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

	// Check to see if both password match
	if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
		// They do!
		$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
		$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

		// Update database
		$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
		$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

		// Feedback for the end user
		$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
	}
	else {
		// Issue with the passwords matching
		$html .= "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

进数据库可以看到修改密码成功。

Medium

观察后端代码，比Low Level多了一步。在过完验证之后提交的表单里多了一项passed_captcha（true表示过了验证），我们直接在表单里加上这个参数就好了。

php 复制代码 
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '1' ) ) {
	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

	// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
	$resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
		$_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
		$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
	);

	// Did the CAPTCHA fail?
	if( !$resp ) {
		// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
		$html     .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
		return;
	}
	else {
		// CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
		if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
			// Show next stage for the user
			$html .= "
				<pre><br />You passed the CAPTCHA! Click the button to confirm your changes.<br /></pre>
				<form action=\"#\" method=\"POST\">
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"step\" value=\"2\" />
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_new\" value=\"{$pass_new}\" />
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_conf\" value=\"{$pass_conf}\" />
					<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"passed_captcha\" value=\"true\" />
					<input type=\"submit\" name=\"Change\" value=\"Change\" />
				</form>";
		}
		else {
			// Both new passwords do not match.
			$html     .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
			$hide_form = false;
		}
	}
}

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '2' ) ) {
	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

	// Check to see if they did stage 1
	if( !$_POST[ 'passed_captcha' ] ) {
		$html     .= "<pre><br />You have not passed the CAPTCHA.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
		return;
	}

	// Check to see if both password match
	if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
		// They do!
		$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
		$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

		// Update database
		$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
		$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

		// Feedback for the end user
		$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
	}
	else {
		// Issue with the passwords matching
		$html .= "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

进数据库可以看到修改密码成功。

High

在验证时，是个或条件，满足一项即可，正常的验证我们无法通过，但是我们可以满足 $_POST[ 'g-recaptcha-response' ] == 'hidd3n_valu3' && $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' ] == 'reCAPTCHA'，这些在POST包里可以修改。

php 复制代码 
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

	// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
	$resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
		$_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
		$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
	);

	if (
		$resp || 
		(
			$_POST[ 'g-recaptcha-response' ] == 'hidd3n_valu3'
			&& $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' ] == 'reCAPTCHA'
		)
	){
		// CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
		if ($pass_new == $pass_conf) {
			$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
			$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

			// Update database
			$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "' LIMIT 1;";
			$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

			// Feedback for user
			$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";

		} else {
			// Ops. Password mismatch
			$html     .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
			$hide_form = false;
		}

	} else {
		// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
		$html     .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
		return;
	}

	((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

进数据库可以看到修改密码成功。

Impossible

观察后端代码，加入了crsf token，并且去掉了可以修改数据包绕过的判断式。

php 复制代码 
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
	// Check Anti-CSRF token
	checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

	// Hide the CAPTCHA form
	$hide_form = true;

	// Get input
	$pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
	$pass_new  = stripslashes( $pass_new );
	$pass_new  = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass_new  = md5( $pass_new );

	$pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];
	$pass_conf = stripslashes( $pass_conf );
	$pass_conf = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_conf ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass_conf = md5( $pass_conf );

	$pass_curr = $_POST[ 'password_current' ];
	$pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );
	$pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
	$pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );

	// Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
	$resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
		$_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
		$_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
	);

	// Did the CAPTCHA fail?
	if( !$resp ) {
		// What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
		$html .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
		$hide_form = false;
	}
	else {
		// Check that the current password is correct
		$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
		$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
		$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );
		$data->execute();

		// Do both new password match and was the current password correct?
		if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {
			// Update the database
			$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );
			$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );
			$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
			$data->execute();

			// Feedback for the end user - success!
			$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
		}
		else {
			// Feedback for the end user - failed!
			$html .= "<pre>Either your current password is incorrect or the new passwords did not match.<br />Please try again.</pre>";
			$hide_form = false;
		}
	}
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>
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