高并发项目-分布式Session解决方案

分布式Session解决方案

1.保存Session，进入商品列表页面

1.保存Session

1.编写工具类

1.MD5Util.java

package com.sxs.seckill.utils;

import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils;

/**
 * Description: MD5加密工具类
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2024/5/5 14:23
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MD5Util {
    /**
     * 将一个字符串转换为MD5
     * @param src
     * @return
     */
    public static String md5(String src) {
        return DigestUtils.md5Hex(src);
    }

    // 固定的salt
    public static final String SALT = "4tIY5VcX";
    // 第一次加密加盐
    public static String inputPassToMidPass(String inputPass) {
        // 加盐
        String str = SALT.charAt(0) + inputPass + SALT.charAt(6);
        return md5(str);
    }

    /**
     * 第二次加密加盐
     * @param midPass
     * @param salt
     * @return
     */
    public static String midPassToDBPass(String midPass, String salt) {
        String str = salt.charAt(0) + midPass + salt.charAt(5);
        return md5(str);
    }

    /**
     * 两次加密
     * @param input
     * @param saltDB
     * @return
     */
    public static String inputPassToDBPass(String input, String saltDB) {
        String midPass = inputPassToMidPass(input);
        String dbPass = midPassToDBPass(midPass, saltDB);
        return dbPass;
    }
}

2.CookieUtil.java

package com.sxs.seckill.utils;

import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

/**
 * Description: Cookie工具类
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2024/5/6 16:04
 * @Version 1.0
 */


public class CookieUtil {
    /**
     * 得到 Cookie 的值, 不编码
     *
     * @param request
     * @param cookieName
     * @return
     */
    public static String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String
            cookieName) {
        return getCookieValue(request, cookieName, false);
    }

    /**
     * 得到 Cookie 的值, *
     *
     * @param request
     * @param cookieName
     * @return
     */
    public static String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String
            cookieName, boolean isDecoder) {
        Cookie[] cookieList = request.getCookies();
        if (cookieList == null || cookieName == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String retValue = null;
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < cookieList.length; i++) {
                if (cookieList[i].getName().equals(cookieName)) {
                    if (isDecoder) {
                        retValue = URLDecoder.decode(cookieList[i].getValue(), "UTF-8");
                    } else {
                        retValue = cookieList[i].getValue();
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return retValue;
    }

    /**
     * 得到 Cookie 的值, *
     *
     * @param request
     * @param cookieName
     * @param encodeString
     * @return
     */
    public static String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String
            cookieName, String encodeString) {
        Cookie[] cookieList = request.getCookies();
        if (cookieList == null || cookieName == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String retValue = null;
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < cookieList.length; i++) {
                if (cookieList[i].getName().equals(cookieName)) {
                    retValue = URLDecoder.decode(cookieList[i].getValue(), encodeString);
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return retValue;
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值 不设置生效时间默认浏览器关闭即失效,也不编码
     */
    public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
            response, String cookieName, String cookieValue) {
        setCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, -1);
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值 在指定时间内生效,但不编码
     */
    public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
            response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage) {
        setCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, cookieMaxage,
                false);
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值 不设置生效时间,但编码
     */
    public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
            response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, boolean isEncode) {
        setCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, -1, isEncode);
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值 在指定时间内生效, 编码参数
     */
    public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
            response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage, boolean
                                         isEncode) {
        doSetCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, cookieMaxage,
                isEncode);
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值 在指定时间内生效, 编码参数(指定编码)
     */
    public static void setCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
            response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, int cookieMaxage, String
                                         encodeString) {
        doSetCookie(request, response, cookieName, cookieValue, cookieMaxage, encodeString);
    }

    /**
     * 删除 Cookie 带 cookie 域名
     */
    public static void deleteCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName) {
        doSetCookie(request, response, cookieName, "", -1, false);
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值，并使其在指定时间内生效
     *
     * @param cookieMaxage cookie 生效的最大秒数
     */
    private static final void doSetCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue,
                                          int cookieMaxage, boolean isEncode) {
        try {
            if (cookieValue == null) {
                cookieValue = "";
            } else if (isEncode) {
                cookieValue = URLEncoder.encode(cookieValue, "utf-8");
            }
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
            if (cookieMaxage > 0) {
                cookie.setMaxAge(cookieMaxage);
            }
            // if (null != request) {// 设置域名的 cookie
            // String domainName = getDomainName(request);
            // if (!"localhost".equals(domainName)) {
            // cookie.setDomain(domainName);
            // }
            // }
            cookie.setPath("/");
            response.addCookie(cookie);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设置 Cookie 的值，并使其在指定时间内生效
     *
     * @param cookieMaxage cookie 生效的最大秒数
     */
    private static final void doSetCookie(HttpServletRequest request,
                                          HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue,
                                          int cookieMaxage, String encodeString) {
        try {
            if (cookieValue == null) {
                cookieValue = "";
            } else {
                cookieValue = URLEncoder.encode(cookieValue, encodeString);
            }
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
            if (cookieMaxage > 0) {
                cookie.setMaxAge(cookieMaxage);
            }
            if (null != request) {// 设置域名的 cookie
                String domainName = getDomainName(request);
                System.out.println(domainName);
                if (!"localhost".equals(domainName)) {
                    cookie.setDomain(domainName);
                }
            }
            cookie.setPath("/");
            response.addCookie(cookie);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 得到 cookie 的域名
     */
    private static final String getDomainName(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String domainName = null;
        // 通过 request 对象获取访问的 url 地址
        String serverName = request.getRequestURL().toString();
        if ("".equals(serverName)) {
            domainName = "";
        } else {
            // 将 url 地下转换为小写
            serverName = serverName.toLowerCase();
            // 如果 url 地址是以 http://开头 将 http://截取
            if (serverName.startsWith("http://")) {
                serverName = serverName.substring(7);
            }
            int end = serverName.length();
            // 判断 url 地址是否包含"/"
            if (serverName.contains("/")) {
                // 得到第一个"/"出现的位置
                end = serverName.indexOf("/");
            }
            // 截取
            serverName = serverName.substring(0, end);
            // 根据"."进行分割
            final String[] domains = serverName.split("\\.");
            int len = domains.length;
            if (len > 3) {
                // www.abc.com.cn
                domainName = domains[len - 3] + "." + domains[len - 2] + "." +
                        domains[len - 1];
            } else if (len > 1) {
                // abc.com or abc.cn
                domainName = domains[len - 2] + "." + domains[len - 1];
            } else {
                domainName = serverName;
            }
        }
        if (domainName.indexOf(":") > 0) {
            String[] ary = domainName.split("\\:");
            domainName = ary[0];
        }
        return domainName;
    }
}

2.关于session和cookie关系的回顾

• 当浏览器请求到服务端时cookie会携带sessionid
• 然后在服务端getSession时会得到当前用户的session
• cookie-sessionid 连接到session

3.修改UserServiceImpl.java的doLogin方法，增加保存信息到session的逻辑

4.测试，用户票据成功保存到cookie中

2.访问到商品列表页面

1.编写GoodsController.java 验证用户登录后进入商品列表页

package com.sxs.seckill.controller;

import com.sxs.seckill.pojo.User;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2024/5/6 18:16
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Controller
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/goods")
public class GoodsController {
    // 进入到商品首页
    @RequestMapping("/toList")
    public String toList(HttpSession session, Model model, @CookieValue("userTicket") String ticket) {
        // 首先判断是否有票据
        if (null == ticket) {
            return "login";
        }
        // 根据票据来获取用户信息
        User user = (User) session.getAttribute(ticket);
        if (null == user) {
            return "login";
        }
        // 将用户信息存入model中，返回到前端
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "goodsList";
    }
}

2.商品列表页goodsList.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>商品列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>商品列表</h1>
<p th:text="'hi: ' + ${user.nickname}"></p>
</body>
</html>

3.测试登录成功后进入商品列表页

2.分布式session解决方案

1.session绑定/粘滞（不常用）

2.session复制

3.前端存储

4.后端集中存储

3.方案一：SpringSession实现分布式Session

1.安装使用redis-desktop-manager

1.一直下一步，安装到D盘

2.首先要确保redis集群的端口是开放的并使其支持远程访问（之前配置过）

3.使用telnet指令测试某个服务是否能够连接成功

telnet 140.143.164.206 7489

4.连接Redis，先测试连接然后确定

5.在redis命令行设置两个键

6.在可视化工具查看

2.项目整合Redis并配置分布式session

1.pom.xml引入依赖

        <!--spring data redis 依赖, 即 spring 整合 redis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--pool2 对象池依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--实现分布式 session, 即将 Session 保存到指定的 Redis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.application.yml配置Redis

spring:
  redis:
    password:  # Redis服务器密码
    database: 0 # 默认数据库为0号
    timeout: 10000ms # 连接超时时间是10000毫秒
    lettuce:
      pool:
        max-active: 8 # 最大活跃连接数,使用负值表示没有限制，最佳配置为核数*2
        max-wait: 10000ms # 最大等待时间,单位为毫秒,使用负值表示没有限制，这里设置为10秒
        max-idle: 200 # 最大空闲连接数
        min-idle: 5 # 最小空闲连接数
    cluster:
      nodes:
        - 
        - 

3.启动测试

1.登录

2.Redis可视化工具发现session成功存到redis

4.方案二：统一存放用户信息到Redis

1.修改pom.xml，去掉分布式springsession的依赖

2.将用户信息放到Redis

1.添加Redis配置类 com/sxs/seckill/config/RedisConfig.java

package com.sxs.seckill.config;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsontype.impl.LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

import java.time.Duration;

/**
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2024/4/29 21:29
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@EnableCaching
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template =
                new RedisTemplate<>();
        System.out.println("template=>" + template);
        RedisSerializer<String> redisSerializer =
                new StringRedisSerializer();
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
                new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
        om.activateDefaultTyping(
                LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance, ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL, JsonTypeInfo.As.WRAPPER_ARRAY);
        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
        // key 序列化方式
        template.setKeySerializer(redisSerializer);
        // value 序列化
        template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        // value hashmap 序列化
        template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        return template;
    }

    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisSerializer<String> redisSerializer =
                new StringRedisSerializer();
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new
                Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
        // 解决查询缓存转换异常的问题
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
        om.activateDefaultTyping(
                LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance, ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL, JsonTypeInfo.As.WRAPPER_ARRAY);
        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
        // 配置序列化（解决乱码的问题）,过期时间 600 秒
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(600))
                .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(redisSerializer))
                .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer))
                .disableCachingNullValues();
        RedisCacheManager cacheManager = RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
                .cacheDefaults(config)
                .build();
        return cacheManager;
    }
}

2.修改 com/sxs/seckill/service/impl/UserServiceImpl.java

1.注入RedisTemplate

2.修改doLogin方法，将用户信息放到Redis中

3.启动测试

1.登录

2.可视化工具查看用户信息

3.实现使用Redis + Cookie实现登录，可以访问商品列表页面

1.刚才已经实现了Redis记录信息的功能，但是校验还没实现，修改GoodsController.java完成校验

1.注入RedisTemplate

2.从Redis中获取校验信息，进行校验

2.测试

1.登录成功后访问商品列表页面

5.扩展：自定义参数解析器，直接获取User

1.修改 com/sxs/seckill/controller/GoodsController.java 使参数直接为User

    // 进入到商品首页
    @RequestMapping("/toList")
    public String toList(Model model, User user) {
        // 判断是否有用户信息
        if (null == user) {
            return "login";
        }
        // 将用户信息存入model中，返回到前端
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "goodsList";
    }

2.service层添加方法，通过票据从Redis中获取User对象

1.UserService.java

    /**
     * 根据cookie获取用户
     * @param userTicket
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return
     */
    public User getUserByCookie(String userTicket, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response);

2.UserServiceImpl.java

• 这里需要注意，每次获取完User，需要重新设置Cookie，来刷新Cookie的时间
• 原因是，调用这个的目的是为了校验，而用户访问每个页面都要进行校验，如果每次校验之后都不刷新Cookie的时间，一旦Cookie失效了，用户就要重新登陆

    @Override
    public User getUserByCookie(String userTicket, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        // 判断是否有票据
        if (null == userTicket) {
            return null;
        }
        // 根据票据来获取用户信息，从redis中获取
        User user = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user:" + userTicket);
        if (null == user) {
            return null;
        }
        // 重新设置cookie的有效时间
        CookieUtil.setCookie(request, response, "userTicket", userTicket);
        return user;
    }

3.编写自定义参数解析器对User类型参数进行解析 config/UserArgumentResolver.java

package com.sxs.seckill.config;

import com.sxs.seckill.pojo.User;
import com.sxs.seckill.service.UserService;
import com.sxs.seckill.utils.CookieUtil;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebDataBinderFactory;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.ModelAndViewContainer;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Description: 自定义参数解析器
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2024/5/7 14:39
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Component
public class UserArgumentResolver implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
    @Resource
    private UserService userService;
    /*
     * 判断是否支持要转换的参数类型，简单来说，就是在这里设置要解析的参数类型
     */
    @Override
    public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter methodParameter) {
        // 如果参数类型是User，则进行解析
        Class<?> parameterType = methodParameter.getParameterType();
        if (parameterType == User.class) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 编写参数解析的逻辑
     *
     * @param methodParameter
     * @param modelAndViewContainer
     * @param nativeWebRequest
     * @param webDataBinderFactory
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter methodParameter, ModelAndViewContainer modelAndViewContainer, NativeWebRequest nativeWebRequest, WebDataBinderFactory webDataBinderFactory) throws Exception {
        // 首先获取request和response
        HttpServletRequest request = nativeWebRequest.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);
        HttpServletResponse response = nativeWebRequest.getNativeResponse(HttpServletResponse.class);
        // 从cookie中获取票据
        String userTicket = CookieUtil.getCookieValue(request, "userTicket");
        // 如果票据为空，则返回null
        if (null == userTicket) {
            return null;
        }
        // 如果票据不为空，则根据票据获取用户信息
        User user = this.userService.getUserByCookie(userTicket, request, response);
        return user;
    }
}

4.编写config/WebConfig.java 将自定义参数解析器放到 resolvers 才能生效

package com.sxs.seckill.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2024/5/7 14:53
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Configuration
// @EnableWebMvc 使用这个注解会导致SpringBoot的自动配置失效，一切都要自己配置，所以建议不要使用这个注解
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    // 注入自定义参数解析器
    @Resource
    private UserArgumentResolver userArgumentResolver;
    /**
     * 静态资源加载，静态资源放在哪里就怎么配置
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/");
    }

    /**
     * 添加自定义参数解析器到resolvers中，才能生效
     * @param resolvers
     */
    @Override
    public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers) {
        resolvers.add(userArgumentResolver);
    }
}

5.测试

1.在登录之后，可以正常访问商品列表页面