Apple - Quartz 2D Programming Guide

QuickTime 框架参考

CGContextRef myContext = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
@implementation MyQuartzView
 
- (id)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:frameRect];
    return self;
}
 
- (void)drawRect:(NSRect)rect
{
    CGContextRef myContext = [[NSGraphicsContext // 1
                                currentContext] graphicsPort];
   // ********** Your drawing code here ********** // 2
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 0, 0, 1);// 3
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 200, 100 ));// 4
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 0, 1, .5);// 5
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 100, 200));// 6
  }
 
@end
CGContextRef MyPDFContextCreate (const CGRect *inMediaBox,
                                    CFStringRef path)
{
    CGContextRef myOutContext = NULL;
    CFURLRef url;
 
    url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (NULL, // 1
                                path,
                                kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle,
                                false);
    if (url != NULL) {
        myOutContext = CGPDFContextCreateWithURL (url,// 2
                                        inMediaBox,
                                        NULL);
        CFRelease(url);// 3
    }
    return myOutContext;// 4
}
CGContextRef MyPDFContextCreate (const CGRect *inMediaBox,
                                    CFStringRef path)
{
    CGContextRef        myOutContext = NULL;
    CFURLRef            url;
    CGDataConsumerRef   dataConsumer;
 
    url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (NULL, // 1
                                        path,
                                        kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle,
                                        false);
 
    if (url != NULL)
    {
        dataConsumer = CGDataConsumerCreateWithURL (url);// 2
        if (dataConsumer != NULL)
        {
            myOutContext = CGPDFContextCreate (dataConsumer, // 3
                                        inMediaBox,
                                        NULL);
            CGDataConsumerRelease (dataConsumer);// 4
        }
        CFRelease(url);// 5
    }
    return myOutContext;// 6
}
CGRect mediaBox;// 1
 
mediaBox = CGRectMake (0, 0, myPageWidth, myPageHeight);// 2
myPDFContext = MyPDFContextCreate (&mediaBox, CFSTR("test.pdf"));// 3

CFStringRef myKeys[1];// 4
CFTypeRef myValues[1];
myKeys[0] = kCGPDFContextMediaBox;
myValues[0] = (CFTypeRef) CFDataCreate(NULL,(const UInt8 *)&mediaBox, sizeof (CGRect));
CFDictionaryRef pageDictionary = CFDictionaryCreate(NULL, (const void **) myKeys,
        (const void **) myValues, 1,
        &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
        & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);

CGPDFContextBeginPage(myPDFContext, &pageDictionary);// 5
    // ********** Your drawing code here **********// 6
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myPDFContext, 1, 0, 0, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myPDFContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 200, 100 ));
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myPDFContext, 0, 0, 1, .5);
    CGContextFillRect (myPDFContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 100, 200 ));

CGPDFContextEndPage(myPDFContext);// 7
CFRelease(pageDictionary);// 8
CFRelease(myValues[0]);
CGContextRelease(myPDFContext);
CGContextRef MyCreateBitmapContext (int pixelsWide,
                            int pixelsHigh)
{
    CGContextRef    context = NULL;
    CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace;
    void *          bitmapData;
    int             bitmapByteCount;
    int             bitmapBytesPerRow;
 
    bitmapBytesPerRow   = (pixelsWide * 4);// 1
    bitmapByteCount     = (bitmapBytesPerRow * pixelsHigh);
 
    colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateWithName(kCGColorSpaceGenericRGB);// 2
    bitmapData = calloc( bitmapByteCount, sizeof(uint8_t) );// 3
    if (bitmapData == NULL)
    {
        fprintf (stderr, "Memory not allocated!");
        return NULL;
    }
    context = CGBitmapContextCreate (bitmapData,// 4
                                    pixelsWide,
                                    pixelsHigh,
                                    8,      // bits per component
                                    bitmapBytesPerRow,
                                    colorSpace,
                                    kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast);
    if (context== NULL)
    {
        free (bitmapData);// 5
        fprintf (stderr, "Context not created!");
        return NULL;
    }
    CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace );// 6
 
    return context;// 7
}
CGRect myBoundingBox;// 1
 
myBoundingBox = CGRectMake (0, 0, myWidth, myHeight);// 2
myBitmapContext = MyCreateBitmapContext (400, 300);// 3
// ********** Your drawing code here ********** // 4
CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myBitmapContext, 1, 0, 0, 1);
CGContextFillRect (myBitmapContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 200, 100 ));
CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myBitmapContext, 0, 0, 1, .5);
CGContextFillRect (myBitmapContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 100, 200 ));
myImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage (myBitmapContext);// 5
CGContextDrawImage(myContext, myBoundingBox, myImage);// 6
char *bitmapData = CGBitmapContextGetData(myBitmapContext); // 7
CGContextRelease (myBitmapContext);// 8
if (bitmapData) free(bitmapData); // 9
CGImageRelease(myImage);// 10
void CGContextSetLineDash (
    CGContextRef ctx,
    CGFloat phase,
    const CGFloat lengths[],
    size_t count
);
CGContextBeginPath (context);
for (k = 0; k < count; k += 2) {
    CGContextMoveToPoint(context, s[k].x, s[k].y);
    CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, s[k+1].x, s[k+1].y);
}
CGContextStrokePath(context);
result = (alpha * foreground) + (1 - alpha) * background
CGContextBeginPath (context);
CGContextAddArc (context, w/2, h/2, ((w>h) ? h : w)/2, 0, 2*PI, 0);
CGContextClosePath (context);
CGContextClip (context);
destination = (alpha * source) + (1 - alpha) * destination
CGContextDrawImage（myContext，rect，myImage）；
CGContextTranslateCTM（myContext，100，50）；
CGContextRotateCTM（myContext，弧度（-45.））;
#include <math.h>
static inline double radians (double degrees) {return degrees * M_PI/180;}
CGContextScaleCTM（myContext，.5，.75）；
CGContextTranslateCTM (myContext, w,h);
CGContextRotateCTM (myContext, radians(-180.));
CGContextTranslateCTM (myContext, w/4, 0);
CGContextScaleCTM (myContext, .25,  .5);
CGContextRotateCTM (myContext, radians ( 22.));
CGContextRotateCTM (myContext, radians ( 22.));
CGContextScaleCTM (myContext, .25,  .5);
CGContextTranslateCTM (myContext, w/4, 0);
typedef void (*CGPatternDrawPatternCallback) (
                void *info,
                CGContextRef context
    );
#define H_PATTERN_SIZE 16
#define V_PATTERN_SIZE 18
 
void MyDrawColoredPattern (void *info, CGContextRef myContext)
{
    CGFloat subunit = 5; // the pattern cell itself is 16 by 18
 
    CGRect  myRect1 = {{0,0}, {subunit, subunit}},
            myRect2 = {{subunit, subunit}, {subunit, subunit}},
            myRect3 = {{0,subunit}, {subunit, subunit}},
            myRect4 = {{subunit,0}, {subunit, subunit}};
 
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 0, 1, 0.5);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, myRect1);
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 0, 0, 0.5);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, myRect2);
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 1, 0, 0.5);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, myRect3);
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, .5, 0, .5, 0.5);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, myRect4);
}
CGColorSpaceRef patternSpace;
 
patternSpace = CGColorSpaceCreatePattern (NULL);// 1
CGContextSetFillColorSpace (myContext, patternSpace);// 2
CGColorSpaceRelease (patternSpace);// 3
CGPatternRef CGPatternCreate (  void *info,
                                CGRect bounds,
                                CGAffineTransform matrix,
                                CGFloat xStep,
                                CGFloat yStep,
                                CGPatternTiling tiling,
                                bool isColored,
                                const CGPatternCallbacks *callbacks );
struct CGPatternCallbacks
{
    unsigned int version;
    CGPatternDrawPatternCallback drawPattern;
    CGPatternReleaseInfoCallback releaseInfo;
};
CGFloat alpha = 1;
 
CGContextSetFillPattern (myContext, myPattern, &alpha);
void MyColoredPatternPainting (CGContextRef myContext,
                 CGRect rect)
{
    CGPatternRef    pattern;// 1
    CGColorSpaceRef patternSpace;// 2
    CGFloat         alpha = 1,// 3
                    width, height;// 4
    static const    CGPatternCallbacks callbacks = {0, // 5
                                        &MyDrawPattern,
                                        NULL};
 
    CGContextSaveGState (myContext);
    patternSpace = CGColorSpaceCreatePattern (NULL);// 6
    CGContextSetFillColorSpace (myContext, patternSpace);// 7
    CGColorSpaceRelease (patternSpace);// 8
 
    pattern = CGPatternCreate (NULL, // 9
                    CGRectMake (0, 0, H_PSIZE, V_PSIZE),// 10
                    CGAffineTransformMake (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0),// 11
                    H_PATTERN_SIZE, // 12
                    V_PATTERN_SIZE, // 13
                    kCGPatternTilingConstantSpacing,// 14
                    true, // 15
                    &callbacks);// 16
 
    CGContextSetFillPattern (myContext, pattern, &alpha);// 17
    CGPatternRelease (pattern);// 18
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, rect);// 19
    CGContextRestoreGState (myContext);
}
#define PSIZE 16    // size of the pattern cell
 
static void MyDrawStencilStar (void *info, CGContextRef myContext)
{
    int k;
    double r, theta;
 
    r = 0.8 * PSIZE / 2;
    theta = 2 * M_PI * (2.0 / 5.0); // 144 degrees
 
    CGContextTranslateCTM (myContext, PSIZE/2, PSIZE/2);
 
    CGContextMoveToPoint(myContext, 0, r);
    for (k = 1; k < 5; k++) {
        CGContextAddLineToPoint (myContext,
                    r * sin(k * theta),
                    r * cos(k * theta));
    }
    CGContextClosePath(myContext);
    CGContextFillPath(myContext);
}
CGPatternRef pattern;
CGColorSpaceRef baseSpace;
CGColorSpaceRef patternSpace;
 
baseSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateWithName (kCGColorSpaceGenericRGB);// 1
patternSpace = CGColorSpaceCreatePattern (baseSpace);// 2
CGContextSetFillColorSpace (myContext, patternSpace);// 3
CGColorSpaceRelease(patternSpace);// 4
CGColorSpaceRelease(baseSpace);// 5
static const CGFloat color[4] = { 0, 1, 1, 0.5 }; //cyan, 50% transparent
 
CGContextSetFillPattern (myContext, myPattern, color);
#define PSIZE 16
 
void MyStencilPatternPainting (CGContextRef myContext,
                                const Rect *windowRect)
{
    CGPatternRef pattern;
    CGColorSpaceRef baseSpace;
    CGColorSpaceRef patternSpace;
    static const CGFloat color[4] = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };// 1
    static const CGPatternCallbacks callbacks = {0, &drawStar, NULL};// 2
 
    baseSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB ();// 3
    patternSpace = CGColorSpaceCreatePattern (baseSpace);// 4
    CGContextSetFillColorSpace (myContext, patternSpace);// 5
    CGColorSpaceRelease (patternSpace);
    CGColorSpaceRelease (baseSpace);
    pattern = CGPatternCreate(NULL, CGRectMake(0, 0, PSIZE, PSIZE),// 6
                  CGAffineTransformIdentity, PSIZE, PSIZE,
                  kCGPatternTilingConstantSpacing,
                  false, &callbacks);
    CGContextSetFillPattern (myContext, pattern, color);// 7
    CGPatternRelease (pattern);// 8
    CGContextFillRect (myContext,CGRectMake (0,0,PSIZE*20,PSIZE*20));// 9
}
void MyDrawWithShadows (CGContextRef myContext, // 1
                         CGFloat wd, CGFloat ht);
{
    CGSize          myShadowOffset = CGSizeMake (-15,  20);// 2
    CGFloat           myColorValues[] = {1, 0, 0, .6};// 3
    CGColorRef      myColor;// 4
    CGColorSpaceRef myColorSpace;// 5
 
    CGContextSaveGState(myContext);// 6
 
    CGContextSetShadow (myContext, myShadowOffset, 5); // 7
    // Your drawing code here// 8
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 1, 0, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (wd/3 + 75, ht/2 , wd/4, ht/4));
 
    myColorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB ();// 9
    myColor = CGColorCreate (myColorSpace, myColorValues);// 10
    CGContextSetShadowWithColor (myContext, myShadowOffset, 5, myColor);// 11
    // Your drawing code here// 12
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 0, 1, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (wd/3-75,ht/2-100,wd/4,ht/4));
 
    CGColorRelease (myColor);// 13
    CGColorSpaceRelease (myColorSpace); // 14
 
    CGContextRestoreGState(myContext);// 15
}
CGGradientRef myGradient;
CGColorSpaceRef myColorspace;
size_t num_locations = 2;
CGFloat locations[2] = { 0.0, 1.0 };
CGFloat components[8] = { 1.0, 0.5, 0.4, 1.0,  // Start color
                          0.8, 0.8, 0.3, 1.0 }; // End color
 
myColorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateWithName(kCGColorSpaceGenericRGB);
myGradient = CGGradientCreateWithColorComponents (myColorspace, components,
                          locations, num_locations);
CGPoint myStartPoint, myEndPoint;
myStartPoint.x = 0.0;
myStartPoint.y = 0.0;
myEndPoint.x = 1.0;
myEndPoint.y = 1.0;
CGContextDrawLinearGradient (myContext, myGradient, myStartPoint, myEndPoint, 0);
CGPoint myStartPoint, myEndPoint;
CGFloat myStartRadius, myEndRadius;
myStartPoint.x = 0.15;
myStartPoint.y = 0.15;
myEndPoint.x = 0.5;
myEndPoint.y = 0.5;
myStartRadius = 0.1;
myEndRadius = 0.25;
CGContextDrawRadialGradient (myContext, myGradient, myStartPoint,
                         myStartRadius, myEndPoint, myEndRadius,
                         kCGGradientDrawsAfterEndLocation);
CGPoint myStartPoint, myEndPoint;
CGFloat myStartRadius, myEndRadius;
myStartPoint.x = 0.2;
myStartPoint.y = 0.5;
myEndPoint.x = 0.65;
myEndPoint.y = 0.5;
myStartRadius = 0.1;
myEndRadius = 0.25;
size_t num_locations = 2;
CGFloat locations[2] = { 0, 1.0 };
CGFloat components[8] = { 0.95, 0.3, 0.4, 1.0,
                          0.95, 0.3, 0.4, 0.1 };
size_t num_locations = 3;
CGFloat locations[3] = { 0.0, 0.5, 1.0};
CGFloat components[12] = {  1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
                            0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0,
                            1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
void myCalculateShadingValues (void *info, const CGFloat *in, CGFloat *out)
static void myCalculateShadingValues (void *info,
                            const CGFloat *in,
                            CGFloat *out)
{
    CGFloat v;
    size_t k, components;
    static const CGFloat c[] = {1, 0, .5, 0 };
 
    components = (size_t)info;
 
    v = *in;
    for (k = 0; k < components -1; k++)
        *out++ = c[k] * v;
     *out++ = 1;
}
static CGFunctionRef myGetFunction (CGColorSpaceRef colorspace)// 1
{
    size_t numComponents;
    static const CGFloat input_value_range [2] = { 0, 1 };
    static const CGFloat output_value_ranges [8] = { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
    static const CGFunctionCallbacks callbacks = { 0,// 2
                                &myCalculateShadingValues,
                                NULL };
 
    numComponents = 1 + CGColorSpaceGetNumberOfComponents (colorspace);// 3
    return CGFunctionCreate ((void *) numComponents, // 4
                                1, // 5
                                input_value_range, // 6
                                numComponents, // 7
                                output_value_ranges, // 8
                                &callbacks);// 9
}
CGPoint     startPoint,
            endPoint;
CGFunctionRef myFunctionObject;
CGShadingRef myShading;
 
startPoint = CGPointMake(0,0.5);
endPoint = CGPointMake(1,0.5);
colorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
myFunctionObject = myGetFunction (colorspace);
 
myShading = CGShadingCreateAxial (colorspace,
                        startPoint, endPoint,
                        myFunctionObject,
                        false, false);
CGContextBeginPath (myContext);
CGContextAddArc (myContext, .5, .5, .3, 0,
            my_convert_to_radians (180), 0);
CGContextClosePath (myContext);
CGContextClip (myContext);
CGContextDrawShading（myContext，myShading）；
CGShadingRelease (myShading);
CGColorSpaceRelease (colorspace);
CGFunctionRelease (myFunctionObject);
void myPaintAxialShading (CGContextRef myContext,// 1
                            CGRect bounds)
{
    CGPoint     startPoint,
                endPoint;
    CGAffineTransform myTransform;
    CGFloat width = bounds.size.width;
    CGFloat height = bounds.size.height;
 
 
    startPoint = CGPointMake(0,0.5); // 2
    endPoint = CGPointMake(1,0.5);// 3
 
    colorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();// 4
    myShadingFunction = myGetFunction(colorspace);// 5
 
    shading = CGShadingCreateAxial (colorspace, // 6
                                 startPoint, endPoint,
                                 myShadingFunction,
                                 false, false);
 
    myTransform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale (width, height);// 7
    CGContextConcatCTM (myContext, myTransform);// 8
    CGContextSaveGState (myContext);// 9
 
    CGContextClipToRect (myContext, CGRectMake(0, 0, 1, 1));// 10
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 1, 1, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake(0, 0, 1, 1));
 
    CGContextBeginPath (myContext);// 11
    CGContextAddArc (myContext, .5, .5, .3, 0,
                        my_convert_to_radians (180), 0);
    CGContextClosePath (myContext);
    CGContextClip (myContext);
 
    CGContextDrawShading (myContext, shading);// 12
    CGColorSpaceRelease (colorspace);// 13
    CGShadingRelease (shading);
    CGFunctionRelease (myShadingFunction);
 
    CGContextRestoreGState (myContext); // 14
}
static void  myCalculateShadingValues (void *info,
                                const CGFloat *in,
                                CGFloat *out)
{
    size_t k, components;
    double frequency[4] = { 55, 220, 110, 0 };
    components = (size_t)info;
    for (k = 0; k < components - 1; k++)
        *out++ = (1 + sin(*in * frequency[k]))/2;
     *out++ = 1; // alpha
}
CGPoint startPoint, endPoint;
    CGFloat startRadius, endRadius;
 
    startPoint = CGPointMake(0.25,0.3);
    startRadius = .1;
    endPoint = CGPointMake(.7,0.7);
    endRadius = .25;
    colorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
    myShadingFunction = myGetFunction (colorspace);
    CGShadingCreateRadial (colorspace,
                    startPoint,
                    startRadius,
                    endPoint,
                    endRadius,
                    myShadingFunction,
                    false,
                    false);
CGContextDrawShading（myContext，阴影）；
CGShadingRelease (myShading);
CGColorSpaceRelease (colorspace);
CGFunctionRelease (myFunctionObject);
void myPaintRadialShading (CGContextRef myContext,// 1
                            CGRect bounds);
{
    CGPoint startPoint,
            endPoint;
    CGFloat startRadius,
            endRadius;
    CGAffineTransform myTransform;
    CGFloat width = bounds.size.width;
    CGFloat height = bounds.size.height;
 
    startPoint = CGPointMake(0.25,0.3); // 2
    startRadius = .1;  // 3
    endPoint = CGPointMake(.7,0.7); // 4
    endRadius = .25; // 5
 
    colorspace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); // 6
    myShadingFunction = myGetFunction (colorspace); // 7
 
    shading = CGShadingCreateRadial (colorspace, // 8
                            startPoint, startRadius,
                            endPoint, endRadius,
                            myShadingFunction,
                            false, false);
 
    myTransform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale (width, height); // 9
    CGContextConcatCTM (myContext, myTransform); // 10
    CGContextSaveGState (myContext); // 11
 
    CGContextClipToRect (myContext, CGRectMake(0, 0, 1, 1)); // 12
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 1, 1, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake(0, 0, 1, 1));
 
    CGContextDrawShading (myContext, shading); // 13
    CGColorSpaceRelease (colorspace); // 14
    CGShadingRelease (shading);
    CGFunctionRelease (myShadingFunction);
 
    CGContextRestoreGState (myContext); // 15
}
void MyDrawTransparencyLayer (CGContext myContext, // 1
                                CGFloat wd,
                                CGFloat ht)
{
    CGSize          myShadowOffset = CGSizeMake (10, -20);// 2
 
    CGContextSetShadow (myContext, myShadowOffset, 10);   // 3
    CGContextBeginTransparencyLayer (myContext, NULL);// 4
    // Your drawing code here// 5
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 1, 0, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (wd/3+ 50,ht/2 ,wd/4,ht/4));
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 0, 1, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (wd/3-50,ht/2-100,wd/4,ht/4));
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 0, 0, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (wd/3,ht/2-50,wd/4,ht/4));
    CGContextEndTransparencyLayer (myContext);// 6
}
kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast|kCGBitmapFloatComponents
myImageArea = CGRectMake (rooster_head_x_origin, rooster_head_y_origin,
                            myWidth, myHeight);
mySubimage = CGImageCreateWithImageInRect (myRoosterImage, myImageArea);
myRect = CGRectMake(0, 0, myWidth*2, myHeight*2);
CGContextDrawImage(context, myRect, mySubimage);
CGImageRef myImage;
myImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage (myBitmapContext);
CGImageRef CGImageMaskCreate (
        size_t width,
        size_t height,
        size_t bitsPerComponent,
        size_t bitsPerPixel,
        size_t bytesPerRow,
        CGDataProviderRef provider,
        const CGFloat decode[],
        bool shouldInterpolate
);
{c[1], ... c[N]}
CGImageRef myColorMaskedImage;
const CGFloat myMaskingColors[6] = {124, 255,  68, 222, 0, 165};
myColorMaskedImage = CGImageCreateWithMaskingColors (image,
                                        myMaskingColors);
CGContextDrawImage (context, myContextRect, myColorMaskedImage);
CGImageRef myMaskedImage;
const CGFloat myMaskingColors[6] = { 0, 124, 0, 68, 0, 0 };
myColorMaskedImage = CGImageCreateWithMaskingColors (image,
                                        myMaskingColors);
CGContextDrawImage (context, myContextRect, myColorMaskedImage);
CGImageRef myMaskedImage;
const CGFloat myMaskingColors[6] = { 0, 124, 0, 68, 0, 0 };
myColorMaskedImage = CGImageCreateWithMaskingColors (image,
                                        myMaskingColors);
CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0.6373,0.6373, 0, 1);
CGContextFillRect(context, rect);
CGContextDrawImage(context, rect, myColorMaskedImage);
CGContextSetBlendMode (myContext, kCGBlendModeDarken);
CGContextDrawImage (myContext, myRect, myImage2);
CGContextFillRect (myLayerContext, myRect)
void myDrawFlag (CGContextRef context, CGRect* contextRect)
{
    int          i, j,
                 num_six_star_rows = 5,
                 num_five_star_rows = 4;
    CGFloat      start_x = 5.0,// 1
                 start_y = 108.0,// 2
                 red_stripe_spacing = 34.0,// 3
                 h_spacing = 26.0,// 4
                 v_spacing = 22.0;// 5
    CGContextRef myLayerContext1,
                 myLayerContext2;
    CGLayerRef   stripeLayer,
                 starLayer;
    CGRect       myBoundingBox,// 6
                 stripeRect,
                 starField;
 // ***** Setting up the primitives *****
    const CGPoint myStarPoints[] = {{ 5, 5},   {10, 15},// 7
                                    {10, 15},  {15, 5},
                                    {15, 5},   {2.5, 11},
                                    {2.5, 11}, {16.5, 11},
                                    {16.5, 11},{5, 5}};
 
    stripeRect  = CGRectMake (0, 0, 400, 17); // stripe// 8
    starField  =  CGRectMake (0, 102, 160, 119); // star field// 9
 
    myBoundingBox = CGRectMake (0, 0, contextRect->size.width, // 10
                                      contextRect->size.height);
 
     // ***** Creating layers and drawing to them *****
    stripeLayer = CGLayerCreateWithContext (context, // 11
                            stripeRect.size, NULL);
    myLayerContext1 = CGLayerGetContext (stripeLayer);// 12
 
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myLayerContext1, 1, 0 , 0, 1);// 13
    CGContextFillRect (myLayerContext1, stripeRect);// 14
 
    starLayer = CGLayerCreateWithContext (context,
                            starField.size, NULL);// 15
    myLayerContext2 = CGLayerGetContext (starLayer);// 16
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myLayerContext2, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1);// 17
    CGContextAddLines (myLayerContext2, myStarPoints, 10);// 18
    CGContextFillPath (myLayerContext2);    // 19
 
     // ***** Drawing to the window graphics context *****
    CGContextSaveGState(context);    // 20
    for (i=0; i< 7;  i++)   // 21
    {
        CGContextDrawLayerAtPoint (context, CGPointZero, stripeLayer);// 22
        CGContextTranslateCTM (context, 0.0, red_stripe_spacing);// 23
    }
    CGContextRestoreGState(context);// 24
 
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (context, 0, 0, 0.329, 1.0);// 25
    CGContextFillRect (context, starField);// 26
 
    CGContextSaveGState (context);              // 27
    CGContextTranslateCTM (context, start_x, start_y);      // 28
    for (j=0; j< num_six_star_rows;  j++)   // 29
    {
        for (i=0; i< 6;  i++)
        {
            CGContextDrawLayerAtPoint (context,CGPointZero,
                                            starLayer);// 30
            CGContextTranslateCTM (context, h_spacing, 0);// 31
        }
        CGContextTranslateCTM (context, (-i*h_spacing), v_spacing); // 32
    }
    CGContextRestoreGState(context);
 
    CGContextSaveGState(context);
    CGContextTranslateCTM (context, start_x + h_spacing/2, // 33
                                 start_y + v_spacing/2);
    for (j=0; j< num_five_star_rows;  j++)  // 34
    {
        for (i=0; i< 5;  i++)
        {
        CGContextDrawLayerAtPoint (context, CGPointZero,
                            starLayer);// 35
            CGContextTranslateCTM (context, h_spacing, 0);// 36
        }
        CGContextTranslateCTM (context, (-i*h_spacing), v_spacing);// 37
    }
    CGContextRestoreGState(context);
 
    CGLayerRelease(stripeLayer);// 38
    CGLayerRelease(starLayer);        // 39
}
CGPDFDocumentRef MyGetPDFDocumentRef (const char *filename)
{
    CFStringRef path;
    CFURLRef url;
    CGPDFDocumentRef document;
    size_t count;
 
    path = CFStringCreateWithCString (NULL, filename,
                         kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
    url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (NULL, path, // 1
                        kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, 0);
    CFRelease (path);
    document = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithURL (url);// 2
    CFRelease(url);
    count = CGPDFDocumentGetNumberOfPages (document);// 3
    if (count == 0) {
        printf("`%s' needs at least one page!", filename);
        return NULL;
    }
    return document;
}
void MyDisplayPDFPage (CGContextRef myContext,
                    size_t pageNumber,
                    const char *filename)
{
    CGPDFDocumentRef document;
    CGPDFPageRef page;
 
    document = MyGetPDFDocumentRef (filename);// 1
    page = CGPDFDocumentGetPage (document, pageNumber);// 2
    CGContextDrawPDFPage (myContext, page);// 3
    CGPDFDocumentRelease (document);// 4
}
CGAffineTransform CGPDFPageGetDrawingTransform (
        CGPPageRef page,
        CGPDFBox box,
        CGRect rect,
        int rotate,
        bool preserveAspectRatio
);
void MyDrawPDFPageInRect (CGContextRef context,
                    CGPDFPageRef page,
                    CGPDFBox box,
                    CGRect rect,
                    int rotation,
                    bool preserveAspectRatio)
{
    CGAffineTransform m;
 
    m = CGPDFPageGetDrawingTransform (page, box, rect, rotation,// 1
                                    preserveAspectRato);
    CGContextSaveGState (context);// 2
    CGContextConcatCTM (context, m);// 3
    CGContextClipToRect (context,CGPDFPageGetBoxRect (page, box));// 4
    CGContextDrawPDFPage (context, page);// 5
    CGContextRestoreGState (context);// 6
}
void MyCreatePDFFile (CGRect pageRect, const char *filename)// 1
{
    CGContextRef pdfContext;
    CFStringRef path;
    CFURLRef url;
    CFDataRef boxData = NULL;
    CFMutableDictionaryRef myDictionary = NULL;
    CFMutableDictionaryRef pageDictionary = NULL;
 
    path = CFStringCreateWithCString (NULL, filename, // 2
                                kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
    url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (NULL, path, // 3
                     kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, 0);
    CFRelease (path);
    myDictionary = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(NULL, 0,
                        &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
                        &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks); // 4
    CFDictionarySetValue(myDictionary, kCGPDFContextTitle, CFSTR("My PDF File"));
    CFDictionarySetValue(myDictionary, kCGPDFContextCreator, CFSTR("My Name"));
    pdfContext = CGPDFContextCreateWithURL (url, &pageRect, myDictionary); // 5
    CFRelease(myDictionary);
    CFRelease(url);
    pageDictionary = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(NULL, 0,
                        &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
                        &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks); // 6
    boxData = CFDataCreate(NULL,(const UInt8 *)&pageRect, sizeof (CGRect));
    CFDictionarySetValue(pageDictionary, kCGPDFContextMediaBox, boxData);
    CGPDFContextBeginPage (pdfContext, pageDictionary); // 7
    myDrawContent (pdfContext);// 8
    CGPDFContextEndPage (pdfContext);// 9
    CGContextRelease (pdfContext);// 10
    CFRelease(pageDictionary); // 11
    CFRelease(boxData);
}
CGPDFDictionaryRef d;
CGPDFStreamRef stream; // represents a sequence of bytes
d = CGPDFPageGetDictionary(page);
// check for thumbnail data
if (CGPDFDictionaryGetStream (d, "Thumb", &stream)){
    // get the data if it exists
    data = CGPDFStreamCopyData (stream, &format);
static void
op_MP (CGPDFScannerRef s, void *info)
{
    const char *name;
 
    if (!CGPDFScannerPopName(s, &name))
        return;
 
    printf("MP /%s\n", name);
}
CGPDFOperatorTableRef myTable;
 
myTable = CGPDFOperatorTableCreate();
 
CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback (myTable, "MP", &op_MP);
CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback (myTable, "DP", &op_DP);
CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback (myTable, "BMC", &op_BMC);
CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback (myTable, "BDC", &op_BDC);
CGPDFOperatorTableSetCallback (myTable, "EMC", &op_EMC);
CGPDFDocumentRef myDocument;
myDocument = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithURL(url);// 1
if (myDocument == NULL) {// 2
        error ("can't open `%s'.", filename);
        CFRelease (url);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
CFRelease (url);
if (CGPDFDocumentIsEncrypted (myDocument)) {// 3
    if (!CGPDFDocumentUnlockWithPassword (myDocument, "")) {
        printf ("Enter password: ");
        fflush (stdout);
        password = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin);
        if (password != NULL) {
            buffer[strlen(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
            if (!CGPDFDocumentUnlockWithPassword (myDocument, password))
                error("invalid password.");
        }
    }
}
if (!CGPDFDocumentIsUnlocked (myDocument)) {// 4
        error("can't unlock `%s'.", filename);
        CGPDFDocumentRelease(myDocument);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
}
 if (CGPDFDocumentGetNumberOfPages(myDocument) == 0) {// 5
        CGPDFDocumentRelease(myDocument);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
int k;
CGPDFPageRef myPage;
CGPDFScannerRef myScanner;
CGPDFContentStreamRef myContentStream;
 
numOfPages = CGPDFDocumentGetNumberOfPages (myDocument);// 1
for (k = 0; k < numOfPages; k++) {
    myPage = CGPDFDocumentGetPage (myDocument, k + 1 );// 2
    myContentStream = CGPDFContentStreamCreateWithPage (myPage);// 3
    myScanner = CGPDFScannerCreate (myContentStream, myTable, NULL);// 4
    CGPDFScannerScan (myScanner);// 5
    CGPDFPageRelease (myPage);// 6
    CGPDFScannerRelease (myScanner);// 7
    CGPDFContentStreamRelease (myContentStream);// 8
 }
 CGPDFOperatorTableRelease(myTable);// 9
struct CGPSConverterCallbacks {
   unsigned int version;
   CGPSConverterBeginDocumentCallback beginDocument;
   CGPSConverterEndDocumentCallback endDocument;
   CGPSConverterBeginPageCallback beginPage;
   CGPSConverterEndPageCallback endPage;
   CGPSConverterProgressCallback noteProgress;
   CGPSConverterMessageCallback noteMessage;
   CGPSConverterReleaseInfoCallback releaseInfo;
};

参数	本章讨论
电流变换矩阵（CTM）	变换
裁剪区域	路径
线：宽度、连接、端点、虚线、斜接限制	路径
曲线估计精度（平整度）	路径
抗锯齿设置	图形上下文
颜色：填充和描边设置	颜色和颜色空间
Alpha 值（透明度）	颜色和颜色空间
渲染意图	颜色和颜色空间
色彩空间：填充和描边设置	颜色和颜色空间
文字：字体、字体大小、字符间距、文字绘制模式	文本
混合模式	路径、位图图像和图像蒙版

CS	像素格式和位图信息常量	可用性
Null	8 bpp, 8 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaOnly`	Mac OS X, iOS
Gray	8 bpp, 8 bpc,`kCGImageAlphaNone`	Mac OS X, iOS
Gray	8 bpp, 8 bpc,`kCGImageAlphaOnly`	Mac OS X, iOS
Gray	16 bpp, 16 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNone`	Mac OS X
Gray	32 bpp, 32 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNone`	`kCGBitmapFloatComponents`
RGB	16 bpp, 5 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipFirst`	Mac OS X, iOS
RGB	32 bpp, 8 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipFirst`	Mac OS X, iOS
RGB	32 bpp, 8 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast`	Mac OS X, iOS
RGB	32 bpp, 8 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst`	Mac OS X, iOS
RGB	32 bpp, 8 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast`	Mac OS X, iOS
RGB	64 bpp, 16 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast`	Mac OS X
RGB	64 bpp, 16 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast`	Mac OS X
RGB	128 bpp, 32 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast`	`kCGBitmapFloatComponents`
RGB	128 bpp, 32 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast`	`kCGBitmapFloatComponents`
CMYK	32 bpp, 8 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNone`	Mac OS X
CMYK	64 bpp, 16 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNone`	Mac OS X
CMYK	128 bpp, 32 bpc, `kCGImageAlphaNone`	`kCGBitmapFloatComponents`

范围	设置参数值的函数
行宽	`CGContextSetLineWidth`
线连接	`CGContextSetLineJoin`
线帽	`CGContextSetLineCap`
斜接限制	`CGContextSetMiterLimit`
线划线图案	`CGContextSetLineDash`
描边颜色空间	`CGContextSetStrokeColorSpace`
描边颜色	CGContextSetStrokeColor``CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor
描边图案	`CGContextSetStrokePattern`

风格	外貌	描述
斜接连接		Quartz 将两个线段的笔画外边缘延伸，直到它们以一定角度相交，就像相框一样。如果线段以太尖锐的角度相交，则改用斜角连接。如果斜角长度除以线宽大于斜角限制，则线段太尖锐。
圆形连接		Quartz 在端点周围绘制一个直径等于线宽的半圆弧。封闭的区域被填充。
斜角连接		石英用对接帽对两个段进行精加工。段末端的凹槽用三角形填充。

风格	外貌	描述
屁股帽		石英在路径的端点处将笔划弄成方形。路径端点以外没有投影。
圆头帽		Quartz 在两条线段相交处绘制一个直径等于线宽的圆，形成一个圆角。封闭的区域被填充。
凸出方形盖		Quartz 将笔划延伸到路径端点之外，延伸距离等于线宽的一半。延伸部分呈方形。

功能	描述
`CGContextStrokePath`	描边当前路径。
`CGContextStrokeRect`	描边指定的矩形。
`CGContextStrokeRectWithWidth`	使用指定的线宽描边指定的矩形。
`CGContextStrokeEllipseInRect`	描边一个适合指定矩形内部的椭圆。
`CGContextStrokeLineSegments`	描画一系列线条。
`CGContextDrawPath`	如果传递常量`kCGPathStroke`，则描边当前路径。如果要同时填充和描边路径，请参阅填充路径。

功能	描述
`CGContextEOFillPath`	使用奇偶规则填充当前路径。
`CGContextFillPath`	使用非零绕数规则填充当前路径。
`CGContextFillRect`	填充适合指定矩形内的区域。
`CGContextFillRects`	填充适合指定矩形内的区域。
`CGContextFillEllipseInRect`	填充适合指定矩形内的椭圆。
`CGContextDrawPath`	如果通过`kCGPathFill`(非零绕数规则) 或`kCGPathEOFill`(奇偶规则)，则填充当前路径。如果通过`kCGPathFillStroke`或`kCGPathEOFillStroke`，则填充并描边当前路径。

功能	描述
`CGContextClip`	使用非零绕数规则计算当前路径与当前剪切路径的交点。
`CGContextEOClip`	使用奇偶规则计算当前路径与当前剪切路径的交点。
`CGContextClipToRect`	将剪切区域设置为当前剪切路径和指定矩形相交的区域。
`CGContextClipToRects`	将剪切区域设置为当前剪切路径和指定矩形内区域相交的区域。
`CGContextClipToMask`	将蒙版映射到指定的矩形中，并将其与图形上下文的当前剪切区域相交。您对图形上下文执行的任何后续路径绘制都将被剪切。（请参阅通过剪切上下文来遮罩图像。）

价值观	色彩空间	成分
240 度，100%，100%	HSB	色调、饱和度、亮度
0，0，1	RGB	红、绿、蓝
1，1，0，0	CMYK	青色、洋红色、黄色、黑色
1，0，0	BGR	蓝色、绿色、红色

功能	用于设置颜色
CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor``CGContextSetRGBFillColor	设备 RGB。在 PDF 生成时，Quartz 会将颜色写入，就好像它们位于相应的通用颜色空间中一样。
CGContextSetCMYKStrokeColor``CGContextSetCMYKFillColor	设备 CMYK。（在 PDF 生成时保留设备 CMYK。）
CGContextSetGrayStrokeColor``CGContextSetGrayFillColor	设备灰色。在 PDF 生成时，Quartz 会将颜色写入，就好像它们位于相应的通用颜色空间中一样。
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor``CGContextSetFillColorWithColor	任何颜色空间；您提供一个指定颜色空间的 CGColor 对象。使用这些函数可重复获取您需要的颜色。
CGContextSetStrokeColor``CGContextSetFillColor	当前颜色空间。不推荐。相反，使用 CGColor 对象和函数`CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor`和来设置颜色`CGContextSetFillColorWithColor`。

功能	使用
`CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation`	根据指定移动原点的量的 x 和 y 值构建一个新的平移矩阵。
`CGAffineTransformTranslate`	将平移操作应用于现有的仿射变换。
`CGAffineTransformMakeRotation`	根据以弧度为单位指定坐标系旋转多少的值构建新的旋转矩阵。
`CGAffineTransformRotate`	对现有的仿射变换应用旋转操作。
`CGAffineTransformMakeScale`	根据 x 和 y 值构建一个新的缩放矩阵，指定拉伸或收缩坐标的量。
`CGAffineTransformScale`	对现有的仿射变换应用缩放操作。

CGGradient	CGShading
可以使用同一个对象绘制轴向和径向渐变。	需要为轴向和径向渐变创建单独的对象。
在绘图时设置渐变的几何形状。	在创建对象时设置渐变的几何形状。
Quartz 计算渐变中每个点的颜色。	您必须提供一个回调函数来计算渐变中每个点的颜色。
轻松定义两个以上的位置和颜色。	需要设计您的回调以使用两个以上的位置和颜色，因此您需要做更多的工作。

功能	使用此功能
`CGImageSourceCreateWithDataProvider`	从数据提供者创建图像源。
`CGImageSourceCreateWithData`	从 CFData 对象创建图像源。
`CGImageSourceCreateWithURL`	从指定图像数据位置的 URL 创建图像源。
`CGPDFDocumentCreateWithURL`	使用位于指定 URL 的数据创建 PDF 文档。
`CGDataProviderCreateSequential`	读取流中的图像或 PDF 数据。提供回调来处理数据。
`CGDataProviderCreateDirectAccess`	在块中读取图像或 PDF 数据。您提供回调来处理数据。
`CGDataProviderCreateWithData`	读取应用程序提供的图像或 PDF 数据缓冲区。提供回调以释放为数据分配的内存。
`CGDataProviderCreateWithURL`	只要您能提供一个 URL，来指定对图像或 PDF 数据进行数据访问的目标。
`CGDataProviderCreateWithCFData`	从 CFData 对象读取图像或 PDF 数据。

功能	使用此功能
`CGImageDestinationCreateWithDataConsumer`	将图像数据写入数据消费者。
`CGImageDestinationCreateWithData`	将图像数据写入 CFData 对象。
`CGImageDestinationCreateWithURL`	只要您能提供一个 URL 来指定将图像数据写入何处。
`CGPDFContextCreateWithURL`	只要您能提供一个 URL 来指定在何处写入 PDF 数据。
`CGDataConsumerCreateWithURL`	只要您能提供一个 URL 来指定在何处写入图像或 PDF 数据。
`CGDataConsumerCreateWithCFData`	将图像或 PDF 数据写入 CFData 对象。
`CGDataConsumerCreate`	使用您提供的回调写入图像或 PDF 数据。

Function	Description
`CGImageCreate`	A flexible function for creating an image. You must specify all the bitmap information that is discussed in Bitmap Image Information.
`CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex`	Creates an image from an image source. Image sources can contain more than one image. See Data Management in Quartz 2D for information on creating an image source.
`CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex`	Creates a thumbnail image of an image that is associated with an image source. See Data Management in Quartz 2D for information on creating an image source.
`CGBitmapContextCreateImage`	Creates an image by copying the bits from a bitmap graphics context.
`CGImageCreateWithImageInRect`	Creates an image from the data contained within a sub-rectangle of an image.
`CGImageCreateCopy`	A utility function that creates a copy of an image.
`CGImageCreateCopyWithColorSpace`	A utility function that creates a copy of an image and replaces its color space.

操作员	描述
`MP`	具有关联标签的标记点。
`DP`	具有标签以及与之关联的属性列表或对象的标记点。
`BMC`	表示标记内容序列的开始（开始标记内容），并与`EMC`表示序列结束的标记配对。具有与之关联的标签。
`BDC`	表示标记内容序列的开始，并与`EMC`表示序列结束的标记配对。具有与之关联的标签和属性列表或对象。
`EMC`	表示以`BMC`或`BDC`标记开头的标记内容序列（结束标记内容）的结束。此运算符没有与之关联的标签。

Apple - Quartz 2D Programming Guide

文章目录

一、介绍

1、关于 Quartz 2D

2、谁应该阅读本文档？

3、本文档的组织

4、也可以看看

二、Quartz 2D 概述

1、本节内容

2、绘制目标：图形上下文

3、Quartz 2D 不透明数据类型

4、图形状态

5、Quartz 2D 坐标系

6、内存管理：对象所有权

三、图形上下文

1、在 iOS 中绘制到视图图形上下文

2、在 Mac OS X 中创建窗口图形上下文

3、创建 PDF 图形上下文

4、创建位图图形上下文

支持的像素格式

抗锯齿

5、获取用于打印的图形上下文

四、路径

1、路径创建和路径绘制

2、构建模块

积分

线条

弧线

曲线

关闭子路径

省略号

矩形

3、创建路径

4、绘制路径

影响抚摸的参数

描边路径函数

填充路径

设置混合模式

正常混合模式

正片叠底混合模式

屏幕混合模式

叠加混合模式

变暗混合模式

变亮混合模式

颜色减淡混合模式

颜色加深混合模式

柔光混合模式

强光混合模式

差异混合模式

排除混合模式

色相混合模式

饱和度混合模式

颜色混合模式

亮度混合模式

5、剪切到路径

五、颜色和颜色空间

1、关于颜色和颜色空间

2、Alpha 值

3、创建色彩空间

创建与设备无关的色彩空间

创建通用色彩空间

创建设备色彩空间

创建索引和模式颜色空间

4、设置和创建颜色

5、设置渲染意图

六、变换

1、关于 Quartz 转换函数

2、修改当前变换矩阵

3、创建仿射变换

4、评估仿射变换

5、让用户进入设备空间转换

6、矩阵背后的数学

七、模式

1、模式的剖析

2、彩色图案和模板（无色）图案

3、平铺

4、模式如何工作

5、绘制彩色图案

编写绘制彩色图案单元的回调函数

设置彩色图案色彩空间