一、IP查询
原理 ：通过目标URL查询目标的IP地址。
所需库 ：socket
Python代码示例：
python
import socket
ip = socket.gethostbyname('www.163.com')
print(ip)上述代码中，使用gethostbyname函数。该函数位于Python内置的socket库中，其原型如下：
python
def gethostbyname(host): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
gethostbyname(host) -> address
Return the IP address (a string of the form '255.255.255.255') for a host.
"""
pass参数host为目标的URL，返回对应的ip地址。
示例代码输出：
python
125.39.47.211
Process finished with exit code 0二、Whois查询
原理 ：用来查询域名是否已经被注册，以及注册域名的详细信息。
所需库 ：whois
安装whois模块：
python
pip install python-whois
记录
执行上述命令后，导入会报错（找不到Whois模块）（在PyCharm中，IDLE则未出现此问题），需要在报错处再次执行安装命令。另一个方法是在终端中直接执行安装命令，并在IDLE中运行代码：
Python代码示例：
python
from whois import whois
data = whois("www.163.com")
print(data)示例代码输出（含注释说明）：
python
{
"domain_name": [ # 域名：163.com
"163.COM",
"163.com"
],
"registrar": "MarkMonitor Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.", # 注册公司
"whois_server": "whois.markmonitor.com", # whois服务器地址
"referral_url": null,
"updated_date": [ # 更新日期和时间
"2023-09-22 06:35:34",
"2024-04-29 01:59:31+00:00"
],
"creation_date": [ # 创建日期和时间
"1997-09-15 04:00:00",
"1997-09-15 04:00:00+00:00"
],
"expiration_date": [ # 过期日期和时间
"2027-09-14 04:00:00",
"2027-09-14 04:00:00+00:00"
],
"name_servers": [ # DNS解析服务器地址
"NS1.NEASE.NET",
"NS2.166.COM",
"NS3.NEASE.NET",
"NS4.NEASE.NET",
"NS5.NEASE.NET",
"NS6.NEASE.NET",
"NS8.166.COM",
"ns4.nease.net",
"ns2.166.com",
"ns1.nease.net",
"ns6.nease.net",
"ns5.nease.net",
"ns8.166.com",
"ns3.nease.net"
],
"status": [ # 服务器状态
"clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited",
"clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited",
"clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited",
"serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited",
"serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited",
"serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited",
"clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)",
"clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)",
"clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)"
],
"emails": [ # 联络邮箱
"abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com",
"whoisrequest@markmonitor.com"
],
"dnssec": "unsigned",
"name": null,
"org": "\u5e7f\u5dde\u7f51\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8",
"address": null,
"city": null,
"state": "Guang Dong", # 城市（对应美国的"州"）：广东
"registrant_postal_code": null, # 注册者邮编（无）
"country": "CN" # 国家码
}三、子域名挖掘
通过必应（必应搜索引擎）进行子域名搜集：
首先确保安装有requests库、bs4库、urllib库，安装这些库的命令和过程如下：
Python代码示例：
python
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import sys
def bing_search(site, pages):
Subdomain = []
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0",
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml, application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Referer": "https://cn.bing.com"
}
for i in range(1, int(pages)+1):
url = "https://cn.bing.com/search?q=site%3a"+site+"&go=Search&qs=ds&first="+ str((int(i)-1) * 10) + "&FROM=PERE"
html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser')
job_bt = soup.findAll('h2')
for i in job_bt:
link = i.a.get('href')
domain = str(urlparse(link).scheme + "://" + urlparse(link).netloc)
if domain in Subdomain:
pass
else:
Subdomain.append(domain)
print(domain)
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) == 3:
site = sys.argv[1] # 参数1：网址
page = sys.argv[2] # 参数2：获取搜索引擎页数
else:
print("usage: %s baidu.com 10" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(-1)
Subdomain = bing_search(site,page)对域名baidu.com进行子域名收集，获取50页搜索结果：
参考书目
《Python安全攻防------渗透测试实战指南》，MS08067安全实验室 编著，北京，机械工业出版社，2021年10月第1版。