1.安装前准备
1.1.安装前准备一
数据库版本: | Oracle19.16.0.0.0 |
---|---|
Linux版本: | Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo) |
主机名: | ace-test-84 |
IP: | 10.10.10.212 |
SID: | dcpfareint |
service_name: | dcpfarei |
数据库使用字符集: | 这里用AL32UTF8 字符集 |
[安装前准备信息] |
1.2.安装前准备二
1.2.1.创建用户组
java
-- 创建用户组
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ groupadd -g 5001 oinstall
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ groupadd -g 5002 dba
1.2.2.删除用户组(拓展)
java
-- 删除用户组
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ groupdel test
-- 如果组里面有用户需要先删除用户或移动用户,才能删除组
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ userdel test ###删除用户
1.2.3.创建oracle用户
java
#创建oracle用户---编号为6001,默认组为oinstall ,并添加到dba组,主要是oinstall组发生作用
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ useradd -u 6001 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
1.2.4.修改oracle得密码
java
# passwd oracle ----设置oracle用户密码(Zyl@0411)
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
1.2.5. 检查创建的oracle用户
java
#检查创建的oracle用户
[root@ace-test-84 ~]$ su - oracle
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ id
uid=6001(oracle) gid=5001(oinstall) groups=5001(oinstall),5002(dba)
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$
2.查看环境
java
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=tstttdp1
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db_1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
stty erase ^H
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/oracle/app/oracle
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$
3.创建新的实例名
首先设置要创建的ORACLE的SID
java
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=dcpfareint
4.创建初始化文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下
命名方法:init+实例名.ora 本例中initdcpfareint
java
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@ace-test-84 dbs]$ vi initdcpfareint.ora
# 添加如下内容:
dcpfareint.__data_transfer_cache_size=0
dcpfareint.__db_cache_size=72209137664
dcpfareint.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0
dcpfareint.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0
dcpfareint.__java_pool_size=1879048192
dcpfareint.__large_pool_size=1342177280
dcpfareint.__oracle_base='/oracle/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
dcpfareint.__pga_aggregate_target=10737418240
dcpfareint.__sga_target=85899345920
dcpfareint.__shared_io_pool_size=268435456
dcpfareint.__shared_pool_size=9395240960
dcpfareint.__streams_pool_size=536870912
dcpfareint.__unified_pga_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/dcpfareint/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/controle/control01.ctl','/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DCPFAREINT/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='dcpfareint'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=107374182400
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dcpfareintXDB)'
*.local_listener='LISTENER_DCPFAREINT'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=10g
*.processes=10000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=80g
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
注意:
1.不要用原来的<ORACLE_BASE>作为路径,修改为对应的绝对路径,否则会报错
2.注意control_files 应该是新的文件,否则会报文件已存在的错误
5.创建密码文件
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw+实例名 password=sys的密码 entries=16 force=y
java
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwdcpfareint password=AFuwd7_@5K entries=16 force=y
6.创建相应的目录
java
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controle
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/dataFile
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redoLog
7.启动新建实例的数据库状态为nomount
切换到新建的实例下面,然后使用数据库的静态文件启动数据库到nomount状态
注意:
使用静态文件启动的nomount状态前,需要先创建审计目录
执行:STARTUP NOMOUNT PFILE= '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs/initdcpfareint.ora'; 前,
需要先创建下面的路径才行,不然报错
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/admin/dcpfareint/adump
7.1.创建审计目录
java
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/admin/dcpfareint/adump
7.2.切换到新建的实例环境下,然后使用静态文件启动到nomount状态下
sql
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=dcpfareint
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jun 26 15:34:05 2024
Version 19.16.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.16.0.0.0
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT PFILE= '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs/initdcpfareint.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 8.5899E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 37219408 bytes
Variable Size 1.3153E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 7.2478E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 231215104 bytes
SQL>
7.3.在nomount状态下,创建数据库的动态启动文件
sql
# 在nomount状态下,创建数据库的动态启动文件
SQL> CREATE SPFILE = '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs/spfiledcpfareint.ora' FROM PFILE = '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/dbs/initdcpfareint.ora';
7.4.关闭数据库,重启数据库到nomount状态下
sql
# 在上面启动到nomount的情况下,关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
# 重启数据库,使用动态启动文件
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=tstttdp1
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jun 26 15:34:05 2024
Version 19.16.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.16.0.0.0
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 8.5899E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 37219408 bytes
Variable Size 1.3153E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 7.2478E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 231215104 bytes
SQL>
8.在nomount状态下,创建数据库
在上面使用动态文件重启到nomount的情况下,创建数据库
sql
SQL> create database dcpfarei
user sys identified by oracle
user system identified by oracle
logfile group 1 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/redoLog/redo01.log') size 100M,
group 2 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/redoLog/redo02.log') size 100M,
group 3 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/redoLog/redo03.log') size 100M
maxlogfiles 10
maxlogmembers 4
maxloghistory 5
maxdatafiles 100
maxinstances 1
character set AL32UTF8
national character set AL16UTF16
datafile '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/dataFile/system.dbf' size 16g
sysaux datafile '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/dataFile/sysaux.dbf' size 16g
default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/dataFile/temp.dbf' size 10g
undo tablespace UNDOTBS1 datafile '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/TSDCPFAREINT/dataFile/undotbs.dbf' size 10G;
9.执行建库和数据字典脚本(nomount下执行)
9.1.执行下面的命令
sql
执行下面命令:
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql; --创建数据库的统计视图,审计视图
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql; -- 数据库具有pl/sql的使用功能。 生成同义词典表与相应视图的架构表(最重要的,建库必须运行的)
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql; --数据库具有导入导出功能,即可以使用exp、imp、expdp、impdp
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql --编译
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql --system运行
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/cataudit.sql --创建审计数据字典视图
@?/rdbms/admin/catjobq.sql --创建关于job的视图
@?/rdbms/admin/dbmsutil.sql --针对的是DBMS_SYSTEM GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_SYSTEM TO username;
@?/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql --生成一个系统事例默认的用户名与密码(用户名为scott密码为tiger)从oracle7开始一直就有了。
9.2.打开数据库
sql
SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
10.修改监听配置文件listener.ora
到$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:vi listener.ora
java
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ace-test-84)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
11.修改配置tns文件
到$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:vi tnsnames.ora
java
LISTENER_DCPFAREI =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ace-test-84)(PORT = 1521))
TSTTTDP1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ace-test-84)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = tstttdp1)
)
)
DCPFAREI = ---这个名字随便
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ace-test-84)(PORT = 1521)) -- IP地址,如果使用hostname的话,需要在/etc/hosts 添加 10.10.10.212 ace-test-84
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED) ---连接方式,这里是专用
(SERVICE_NAME = dcpfarei) -- 服务名
)
)
12.配置好tns后,数据库启动监听的时候,监听不到新建的服务,需要执行下面的操作
sql
注册动态监听
SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.211.129.51)(PORT=1521))' sid='dcpfareint';
System altered.
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
执行上面的操作后,动态参数的变化:
vi spfiledcpfareint.ora
执行前:
*.local_listener='LISTENER_DCPFAREINT'
执行后:
*.local_listener='LISTENER_DCPFAREINT'
dcpfareint.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.10.10.212)(PORT=1521))'
13.启动监听
sql
-- 启动监听
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ lsnrctl start
-- 查看监听的状态
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ lsnrctl status
-- 停止监听
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ lsnrctl stop
-- 重启监听
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ lsnrctl reload
14.启停实例
sql
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=dcpfareint
[oracle@ace-test-84 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jun 26 16:34:32 2024
Version 19.16.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.16.0.0.0
SQL>
# 启动数据库
SQL> startup
# 关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
至此,Linux新建实例结束