【大型实战】企业网络实验(华为核心交换、ESXI7.0vmware虚拟机、DHCP中继、服务端网络及用户端网络配置)

需求

实验

vmware网络配置(企业内部一般为ESXI)


这样服务器虚拟机使用192.168.200.X网段才能与用户侧互通

vmware虚拟机配置(DHCP服务器网络配置)

  • 打开网络管理页面
bash 复制代码
nmtui



  • 重置一下网络连接(重启网卡)


  • 检查IP地址

bash 复制代码
ip addr

清空交换机所有配置信息并重启

ssh 复制代码
#
quit
reset saved-configuration
reboot

中继交换机(核心交换机)网络配置

  • 根据规划,划分vlan 10-18、20、200
ssh 复制代码
#
sysname DHCPrelay
vlan batch 10 to 18 20 200
  • 配置vlan接口地址(网关)
ssh 复制代码
#
int vlanif 10
ip add 192.168.10.254 24

#
int vlanif 11
ip add 192.168.11.254 24

#
int vlanif 12
ip add 192.168.12.254 24

#
int vlanif 13
ip add 192.168.13.254 24

#
int vlanif 14
ip add 192.168.14.254 24

#
int vlanif 15
ip add 192.168.15.254 24

#
int vlanif 16
ip add 192.168.16.254 24

#
int vlanif 17
ip add 192.168.17.254 24

#
int vlanif 18
ip add 192.168.18.254 24

#
int vlanif 20
ip add 192.168.20.254 24

#
int vlanif 200
ip add 192.168.200.254 24
接口通联性配置及ping测试
ssh 复制代码
#
int g 0/0/20
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid pvid vlan 200
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200

#
int g 0/0/10
mac-vlan enable
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200

#
int g 0/0/11
mac-vlan enable
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/12
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/13
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid tagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/14
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/15
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/16
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/17
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid tagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200


#
int g 0/0/18
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
  • 在服务器交接机e 0/0/1处抓包

    发现PC10 的DHCP广播报文已到达此接口

  • ping命令测试(给PC10手动设置IP 192.168.10.99)

    以上可以看出只有 ARP报文,报文无法到达192.168.10.254(中继交换机vlanif 10 接口地址)

  • 再次用ping命令测试(给PC10手动设置IP 192.168.10.99)

    测试前,配置mac-vlan

    vlan 10
    mac-vlan mac-address 5489-9884-1796

    int g 0/0/10
    mac-vlan enable


正常通信

配置DHCP中继
ssh 复制代码
#
int vlanif 10
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253

#
int vlanif 11
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253

#
int vlanif 12
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253


#
int vlanif 13
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253


#
int vlanif 14
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253


#
int vlanif 15
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253


#
int vlanif 16
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253


#
int vlanif 17
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
quit

#
int vlanif 18
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253

PC10正常获取IP

PC11无法正常获取IP(因为DHCP中继是做在vlanif接口上的,而PC11无确定Vlan)

把PC10接入vlan11 的交接机获取的IP依然是vlan10 (MAC-Vlan)

与服务器正常通信

配置mac-vlan
ssh 复制代码
#
vlan 10
#
int g 0/0/10
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 11
#
int g 0/0/11
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 12
#
int g 0/0/12
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 13
#
int g 0/0/13
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 14
#
int g 0/0/14
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 15
#
int g 0/0/15
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 16
#
int g 0/0/16
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 17
#
int g 0/0/17
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 18
#
int g 0/0/12
mac-vlan enable

#
vlan 18
#
int g 0/0/12
mac-vlan enable
配置dhcp-snooping、ip source check
ssh 复制代码
#
dhcp enable
#
dhcp snooping enable
#
int g 0/0/20
dhcp snooping enable
dhcp snooping trusted

#
int g 0/0/10
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/11
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/12
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/13
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/14
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/15
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/16
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/17
dhcp snooping enable

#
int g 0/0/18
dhcp snooping enable
配置ip source check(禁手动修改IP)
ssh 复制代码
#
int g 0/0/10
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/11
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/12
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/13
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/14
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/15
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/16
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/17
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

#
int g 0/0/18
arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
ip source check user-bind enable
dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable

交换机配置文件如下

ssh 复制代码
#
sysname DHCPrelay
#
FTP server enable
#
vlan batch 10 to 18 20 200
#
cluster enable
ntdp enable
ndp enable
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
dhcp enable
#
dhcp snooping enable
#
diffserv domain default
#
drop-profile default
#
vlan 10
 mac-vlan mac-address 5489-9884-1796 priority 0
#
aaa 
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default
 domain default 
 domain default_admin 
 local-user admin password cipher '!7<XEEUSW1-R^[64VOP.A!!
 local-user admin privilege level 15
 local-user admin ftp-directory flash:/
 local-user admin service-type ftp
#
interface Vlanif1
#
interface Vlanif10
 ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif11
 ip address 192.168.11.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif12
 ip address 192.168.12.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif13
 ip address 192.168.13.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif14
 ip address 192.168.14.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif15
 ip address 192.168.15.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif16
 ip address 192.168.16.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif17
 ip address 192.168.17.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif18
 ip address 192.168.18.254 255.255.255.0 
 dhcp select relay
 dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.200.253
#
interface Vlanif20
 ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0 
#
interface Vlanif200
 ip address 192.168.200.254 255.255.255.0 
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/6
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/7
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/8
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 mac-vlan enable
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/11
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 mac-vlan enable
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 mac-vlan enable
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
 port hybrid tagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/15
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/16
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/17
 port hybrid tagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/18
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 arp anti-attack check user-bind enable
 ip source check user-bind enable
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping check dhcp-chaddr enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/19
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20
 port hybrid pvid vlan 200
 port hybrid untagged vlan 10 to 18 20 200
 dhcp snooping enable
 dhcp snooping trusted
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24
#
interface NULL0
#
sftp server enable 
stelnet server enable 
ssh user admin 
ssh user admin authentication-type password
ssh user admin service-type sftp
ssh user admin sftp-directory flash:/
#
user-interface con 0
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode aaa
 protocol inbound ssh
#
return

ssh与sftp配置

相关解释请访问:

开户stelnet权限

ssh 复制代码
#
stelnet server enable

创建本地密钥对

ssh 复制代码
#
rsa local-key-pair create

创建ssh用户名为admin

  • 创建用户admin
  • 创建用户认证为密码认证
  • 服务类型为ssh
ssh 复制代码
#
ssh user admin
ssh user admin authentication-type password
ssh user admin service-type stelnet
ssh user admin service-type sftp

aaa模式下配置用户

  • 进入aaa模式
  • 配置用户密码为openEuler@2021
  • 配置用户权限级别(级别15通常允许用户执行所有命令,包括可能影响设备配置和运行的敏感或高级命令)
  • 允许用户ssh访问权限
ssh 复制代码
#
aaa
local-user admin password cipher openEuler@2021
local-user admin privilege level 15
local-user admin service-type ssh

配置vty界面支持的登录协议

  • 进入vty 0 4
  • 认证为aaa
  • 登录协议为ssh登入
ssh 复制代码
#
user-interface vty 0 4
authentication-mode aaa
protocol inbound ssh

核心交接机全部配置-备份还原

华为交换机备份配置文件和还原配置文件的方法有多种,以下是一些常见的方法:

备份配置文件

使用命令行界面:

通过display current-configuration命令查看当前配置。

将显示的信息拷贝到一个TXT文本文件中,从而备份配置文件到维护终端的硬盘中。

需要注意的是,如果现实界面中有换行的命令,需要删除换行,否则当使用制作的TXT文本恢复配置时,换行的配置将无法恢复。

使用图形用户界面(GUI):

打开GUI,登录到交换机的管理界面1。

导航到配置管理页面1。

选择要保存的配置文件,并点击保存按钮,将配置保存到指定的位置1。

使用FTP备份:

备份配置文件到交换机的flash中。

在交换机上开启FTP服务器,并配置FTP用户。

在PC端通过FTP客户端与设备建立FTP连接,并下载备份的配置文件。

还原配置文件

通过命令行界面:

使用copy命令将备份的配置文件(如TXT文本文件)恢复到交换机中。但直接通过命令行界面恢复TXT文本文件可能不是直接支持的,通常需要将文件上传到交换机的flash中,然后通过命令来加载。

使用图形用户界面(GUI):

登录到交换机的GUI管理界面

导航到配置管理页面或相关的恢复配置选项。

选择要恢复的配置文件,并执行恢复操作。

恢复出厂设置:

登录到交换机的命令行界面。

进入系统配置模式

使用reset factory-configuration命令来恢复出厂设置。这同样会清除所有的业务配置和数据文件。

下面使用ssh及sftp方式演示:

  • 登陆ssh
ssh 复制代码
#
quit
dir
  • 保存配置文件
ssh 复制代码
#
quit
save all
  • 登陆sftp

  • 下载

本以为大功告成,结果...

于是尝试ftp(需要在aaa:local-user下配置)

ssh 复制代码
#
ftp server enable
#
aaa
local-user admin service-type ftp
local-user admin ftp-directory flash:/
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