InceptionV3代码实现（Pytorch）

Hanley_Yeung2024-07-22 11:23

文章目录

Inception介绍

Inception网络是CNN发展史上一个重要的里程碑。在Inception出现之前，大部分流行CNN仅仅是把卷积层堆叠得越来越多，使网络越来越深，以此希望能够得到更好的性能。但是存在以下问题:

  1. 图像中突出部分的大小差别很大。
  2. 由于信息位置的巨大差异，为卷积操作选择合适的卷积核大小就比较困难。信息分布更全
    局性的图像偏好较大的卷积核，信息分布比较局部的图像偏好较小的卷积核。
  3. 非常深的网络更容易过拟合。将梯度更新传输到整个网络是很困难的。
  4. 简单地堆叠较大的卷积层非常消耗计算资源。

Inception module

解决方案:

为什么不在同一层级上运行具备多个尺寸的滤波器呢?网络本质上会变得稍微「宽一些」，而不是「更深」。作者因此设计了Inception 模块。

Inception模块( Inception module) : 它使用3个不同大小的滤波器(1x1、 3x3、 5x5)对输入执行卷积操作，此外它还会执行最大池化。所有子层的输出最后会被级联起来，并传送至下一个Inception模块。

  • 方面增加了网络的宽度，另一方面增加了网络对尺度的适应性

实现降维的Inception模块:如前所述，深度神经网络需要耗费大量计算资源。为了降低算力成

本，作者在3x3和5x5卷积层之前添加额外的1x1卷积层，来限制输入通道的数量。尽管添加额

外的卷积操作似乎是反直觉的，但是1x1卷积比5x5卷积要廉价很多，而且输入通道数量减少也

有利于降低算力成本。

InceptionV1--Googlenet

  1. Googl eNet采用了Inception模块化(9个)的结构，共22层;
  2. 为了避免梯度消失，网络额外增加了2个辅助的softmax用于向前传导梯度(只用于训练)。

Inception V2在输入的时候增加了BatchNormalization:

所有输出保证在0~1之间。

  • 所有输出数据的均值接近0，标准差接近1的正太分布。使其落入激活函数的敏感区，避免梯度消失，加快收敛。
  • 加快模型收敛速度，并且具有-定的泛化能力。
  • 可以减少dropout的使用。

  • 作者提出可以用2个连续的3x3卷积层(stride= 1)组成的小网络来代替单个的5x5卷积层，这便是Inception V2结构。
  • 5x5卷积核参数是3x3卷积核的25/9=2.78倍。

  • 此外，作者将 n * n的卷积核尺寸分解为 1 * n 和 n * 1 两个卷积
  • 并联比串联计算效率要高
  • 前面三个原则用来构建三种不同类型的 Inception 模块

InceptionV3-网络结构图

  • InceptionV3整合了前面Inception v2中提到的所有升级，还使用了7x7卷积
  • 目前，InceptionV3是最常用的网络模型

Inception V3设计思想和Trick:

(1) 分解成小卷积很有效，可以降低参数量，减轻过拟合，增加网络非线性的表达能力。

(2) 卷积网络从输入到输出，应该让图片尺寸逐渐减小，输出通道数逐渐增加，即让空间结

构化，将空间信息转化为高阶抽象的特征信息。

(3) InceptionModule用多个分支提取不同抽象程度的高阶特征的思路很有效，可以丰富网络

的表达能力

InceptionV4

  1. 左图是基本的Inception v2/v3模块，使用两个3x3卷积代替5x5卷积，并且使用average pooling,该模
    块主要处理尺寸为35x35的feature map;
  2. 中图模块使用1xn和nx1卷积代替nxn卷积，同样使用average pooling,该模块主要处理尺寸为17x17
    的feature map;
  3. 右图将3x3卷积用1x3卷积和3x1卷积代替。

总的来说，Inception v4中基本的Inception module还是沿袭了Inception v2/v3的结构，只是结构看起来更加简洁统一，并且使用更多的Inception modules实验效果也更好。

Inception模型优势:

  • 采用了1x1卷积核，性价比高，用很少的计算量既可以增加一层的特征变换和非线性变换。
  • 提出Batch Normalization,通过一定的手段，把每层神经元的输入值分布拉到均值0方差1的正态分布，使其落入激活函数的敏感区，避免梯度消失，加快收敛。
  • 引入Inception module, 4个分支结合的结构。
    卷积神经网络迁移学习
  • 现在在工程中最为常用的还是vgg、 resnet、 inception这几种结构， 设计者通常会先直接套用原版的模型对数据进行训练一次，然后选择效果较为好的模型进行微调与模型缩减。
  • 工程上使用的模型必须在精度高的同时速度要快。
  • 常用的模型缩减的方法是减少卷积的个数与减少resnet的模块数。

InceptionV3代码实现

第一个示例参考文章：

原文链接：GoogLeNet InceptionV3代码复现＋超详细注释（PyTorch）

感谢大佬！

第一步：定义基础卷积模块

BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)

作用：卷积层之后总会添加BatchNorm2d进行数据的归一化处理，这使得数据在进行Relu之前不会因为数据过大而导致网络性能的不稳定

  1. num_features：一般输入参数的shape为batch_size * num_features * height*width，即为其中特征的数量，即为输入BN层的通道数；
  2. eps：分母中添加的一个值，目的是为了计算的稳定性，默认为：1e-5,避免分母为0；
  3. momentum：一个用于运行过程中均值和方差的一个估计参数（可以理解是一个稳定系数，类似于SGD中的momentum的系数）；
  4. affine：当设为true时，会给定可以学习的系数矩阵gamma和beta
python 复制代码 
class BasicConv2d(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, **kwargs):
        super(BasicConv2d, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, bias=False, **kwargs)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels, eps=0.001)
       
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = self.bn(x)
        return F.relu(x, inplace=True)

第二步：定义Inceptionv3模块

PyTorch提供的有六种基本的Inception模块，分别是InceptionA------InceptionE。

InceptionA

得到输入大小不变，通道数为224+pool_features的特征图。

假如输入为(35, 35, 192)的数据：

第一个branch：

经过branch1x1为带有64个11的卷积核，所以生成第一张特征图(35, 35, 64)；
第二个branch：
首先经过branch5x5_1为带有48个1 1的卷积核，所以第二张特征图(35, 35, 48)，

然后经过branch5x5_2为带有64个55大小且填充为2的卷积核，特征图大小依旧不变，因此第二张特征图最终为(35, 35, 64)；
第三个branch：
首先经过branch3x3dbl_1为带有64个1 1的卷积核，所以第三张特征图(35, 35, 64)，

然后经过branch3x3dbl_2为带有96个33大小且填充为1的卷积核，特征图大小依旧不变，因此进一步生成第三张特征图(35, 35, 96)，
最后经过branch3x3dbl_3为带有96个3 3大小且填充为1的卷积核，特征图大小和通道数不变，因此第三张特征图最终为(35, 35, 96)；
第四个branch：

首先经过avg_pool2d，其中池化核33，步长为1，填充为1，所以第四张特征图大小不变，通道数不变，第四张特征图为(35, 35, 192)，
然后经过branch_pool为带有pool_features个的1 1卷积，因此第四张特征图最终为(35, 35, pool_features)；
最后将四张特征图进行拼接，最终得到(35，35，64+64+96+pool_features)的特征图。

python 复制代码 
'''---InceptionA---'''
class InceptionA(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, pool_features, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionA, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch1x1 = conv_block(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1)
 
        self.branch5x5_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 48, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch5x5_2 = conv_block(48, 64, kernel_size=5, padding=2)
 
        self.branch3x3dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_2 = conv_block(64, 96, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_3 = conv_block(96, 96, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
 
        self.branch_pool = conv_block(in_channels, pool_features, kernel_size=1)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
 
        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5_1(x)
        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5_2(branch5x5)
 
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_1(x)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_2(branch3x3dbl)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_3(branch3x3dbl)
 
        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)
 
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch5x5, branch3x3dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
InceptionB

得到输入大小减半，通道数为480的特征图，

假如输入为(35, 35, 288)的数据：

第一个branch：

经过branch1x1为带有384个33大小且步长2的卷积核，(35-3+2 0)/2+1=17所以生成第一张特征图(17, 17, 384)；

第二个branch：

首先经过branch3x3dbl_1为带有64个11的卷积核，特征图大小不变，即(35, 35, 64)；
然后经过branch3x3dbl_2为带有96个3 3大小填充1的卷积核，特征图大小不变，即(35, 35, 96)，

再经过branch3x3dbl_3为带有96个33大小步长2的卷积核，(35-3+2 0)/2+1=17，即第二张特征图为(17, 17, 96)；

第三个branch：

经过max_pool2d，池化核大小3*3，步长为2，所以是二倍最大值下采样，通道数保持不变，第三张特征图为(17, 17, 288)；

最后将三张特征图进行拼接，最终得到(17(即Hin/2)，17(即Win/2)，384+96+288(Cin)=768)的特征图。

python 复制代码 
'''---InceptionB---'''
class InceptionB(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionB, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch3x3 = conv_block(in_channels, 384, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
        self.branch3x3dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_2 = conv_block(64, 96, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_3 = conv_block(96, 96, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3(x)
 
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_1(x)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_2(branch3x3dbl)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_3(branch3x3dbl)
 
        branch_pool = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
        outputs = [branch3x3, branch3x3dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
InceptionC

得到输入大小不变，通道数为768的特征图。

假如输入为(17,17, 768)的数据：

第一个branch：

首先经过branch1x1为带有192个1*1的卷积核，所以生成第一张特征图(17,17, 192)；

第二个branch：

首先经过branch7x7_1为带有c7个11的卷积核，所以第二张特征图(17,17, c7)，
然后经过branch7x7_2为带有c7个1 7大小且填充为03的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第二张特征图(17,17, c7)，
然后经过branch7x7_3为带有192个7 1大小且填充为30的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第二张特征图(17,17, 192)，因此第二张特征图最终为(17,17, 192)；
第三个branch：
首先经过branch7x7dbl_1为带有c7个1 1的卷积核，所以第三张特征图(17,17, c7)，

然后经过branch7x7dbl_2为带有c7个71大小且填充为3 0的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第三张特征图(17,17, c7)，

然后经过branch7x7dbl_3为带有c7个17大小且填充为0 3的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第三张特征图(17,17, c7)，

然后经过branch7x7dbl_4为带有c7个71大小且填充为3 0的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第三张特征图(17,17, c7)，

然后经过branch7x7dbl_5为带有192个17大小且填充为0 3的卷积核，特征图大小不变，因此第二张特征图最终为(17,17, 192)；

第四个branch：

首先经过avg_pool2d，其中池化核33，步长为1，填充为1，所以第四张特征图大小不变，通道数不变，第四张特征图为(17,17, 768)，
然后经过branch_pool为带有192个的1 1卷积，因此第四张特征图最终为(17,17, 192)；

最后将四张特征图进行拼接，最终得到(17, 17, 192+192+192+192=768)的特征图。

python 复制代码 
'''---InceptionC---'''
class InceptionC(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, channels_7x7, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionC, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch1x1 = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
 
        c7 = channels_7x7
        self.branch7x7_1 = conv_block(in_channels, c7, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch7x7_2 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
        self.branch7x7_3 = conv_block(c7, 192, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
 
        self.branch7x7dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, c7, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch7x7dbl_2 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
        self.branch7x7dbl_3 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
        self.branch7x7dbl_4 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
        self.branch7x7dbl_5 = conv_block(c7, 192, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
 
        self.branch_pool = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
 
        branch7x7 = self.branch7x7_1(x)
        branch7x7 = self.branch7x7_2(branch7x7)
        branch7x7 = self.branch7x7_3(branch7x7)
 
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_1(x)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_2(branch7x7dbl)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_3(branch7x7dbl)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_4(branch7x7dbl)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_5(branch7x7dbl)
 
        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)
 
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch7x7, branch7x7dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
InceptionD

得到输入大小减半，通道数512的特征图，

假如输入为(17, 17, 768)的数据：

第一个branch：

首先经过branch3x3_1为带有192个11的卷积核，所以生成第一张特征图(17, 17, 192)；
然后经过branch3x3_2为带有320个3 3大小步长为2的卷积核，(17-3+20)/2+1=8，最终第一张特征图(8, 8, 320)；
第二个branch：
首先经过branch7x7x3_1为带有192个1 1的卷积核，特征图大小不变，即(17, 17, 192)；

然后经过branch7x7x3_2为带有192个17大小且填充为0 3的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第三张特征图(17,17, 192)；

再经过branch7x7x3_3为带有192个71大小且填充为3 0的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第三张特征图(17,17, 192)；

最后经过branch7x7x3_4为带有192个3*3大小步长为2的卷积核，最终第一张特征图(8, 8, 192)；

第三个branch：

首先经过max_pool2d，池化核大小3*3，步长为2，所以是二倍最大值下采样，通道数保持不变，第三张特征图为(8, 8, 768)；

最后将三张特征图进行拼接，最终得到(8(即Hin/2)，8(即Win/2)，320+192+768(Cin)=1280)的特征图。

python 复制代码 
'''---InceptionD---'''
class InceptionD(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionD, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch3x3_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3_2 = conv_block(192, 320, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
        self.branch7x7x3_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch7x7x3_2 = conv_block(192, 192, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
        self.branch7x7x3_3 = conv_block(192, 192, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
        self.branch7x7x3_4 = conv_block(192, 192, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_1(x)
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_2(branch3x3)
 
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_1(x)
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_2(branch7x7x3)
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_3(branch7x7x3)
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_4(branch7x7x3)
 
        branch_pool = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        outputs = [branch3x3, branch7x7x3, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
InceptionE

最终得到输入大小不变，通道数为2048的特征图。

假如输入为(8,8, 1280)的数据：

第一个branch：

首先经过branch1x1为带有320个11的卷积核，所以生成第一张特征图(8, 8, 320)；
第二个branch：
首先经过branch3x3_1为带有384个1 1的卷积核，所以第二张特征图(8, 8, 384)，

经过分支branch3x3_2a为带有384个13大小且填充为0 1的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成特征图(8,8, 384)，

经过分支branch3x3_2b为带有192个31大小且填充为1 0的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成特征图(8,8, 384)，

因此第二张特征图最终为两个分支拼接(8,8, 384+384=768)；

第三个branch：

首先经过branch3x3dbl_1为带有448个11的卷积核，所以第三张特征图(8,8, 448)，
然后经过branch3x3dbl_2为带有384个3 3大小且填充为1的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成第三张特征图(8,8, 384)，

经过分支branch3x3dbl_3a为带有384个13大小且填充为0 1的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成特征图(8,8, 384)，

经过分支branch3x3dbl_3b为带有384个31大小且填充为1 0的卷积核，特征图大小不变，进一步生成特征图(8,8, 384)，

因此第三张特征图最终为两个分支拼接(8,8, 384+384=768)；

第四个branch：

首先经过avg_pool2d，其中池化核33，步长为1，填充为1，所以第四张特征图大小不变，通道数不变，第四张特征图为(8,8, 1280)，
然后经过branch_pool为带有192个的1 1卷积，因此第四张特征图最终为(8,8, 192)；

最后将四张特征图进行拼接，最终得到(8, 8, 320+768+768+192=2048)的特征图。

python 复制代码 
'''---InceptionE---'''
class InceptionE(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionE, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch1x1 = conv_block(in_channels, 320, kernel_size=1)
 
        self.branch3x3_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 384, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3_2a = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(1, 3), padding=(0, 1))
        self.branch3x3_2b = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(3, 1), padding=(1, 0))
 
        self.branch3x3dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 448, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_2 = conv_block(448, 384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_3a = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(1, 3), padding=(0, 1))
        self.branch3x3dbl_3b = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(3, 1), padding=(1, 0))
 
        self.branch_pool = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
 
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_1(x)
        branch3x3 = [
            self.branch3x3_2a(branch3x3),
            self.branch3x3_2b(branch3x3),
        ]
        branch3x3 = torch.cat(branch3x3, 1)
 
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_1(x)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_2(branch3x3dbl)
        branch3x3dbl = [
            self.branch3x3dbl_3a(branch3x3dbl),
            self.branch3x3dbl_3b(branch3x3dbl),
        ]
        branch3x3dbl = torch.cat(branch3x3dbl, 1)
 
        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)
 
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch3x3, branch3x3dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)

第三步：定义辅助分类器InceptionAux

python 复制代码 
class InceptionAux(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, num_classes, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionAux, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.conv0 = conv_block(in_channels, 128, kernel_size=1)
        self.conv1 = conv_block(128, 768, kernel_size=5)
        self.conv1.stddev = 0.01
        self.fc = nn.Linear(768, num_classes)
        self.fc.stddev = 0.001
 
    def forward(self, x):
        # N x 768 x 17 x 17
        x = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=5, stride=3)
        # N x 768 x 5 x 5
        x = self.conv0(x)
        # N x 128 x 5 x 5
        x = self.conv1(x)
        # N x 768 x 1 x 1
        # Adaptive average pooling
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1))
        # N x 768 x 1 x 1
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        # N x 768
        x = self.fc(x)
        # N x 1000
        return x

第四步：搭建GoogLeNet网络

python 复制代码 
'''-----------------------搭建GoogLeNet网络--------------------------'''
class GoogLeNet(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000, aux_logits=True, transform_input=False,
                 inception_blocks=None):
        super(GoogLeNet, self).__init__()
        if inception_blocks is None:
            inception_blocks = [
                BasicConv2d, InceptionA, InceptionB, InceptionC,
                InceptionD, InceptionE, InceptionAux
            ]
        assert len(inception_blocks) == 7
        conv_block = inception_blocks[0]
        inception_a = inception_blocks[1]
        inception_b = inception_blocks[2]
        inception_c = inception_blocks[3]
        inception_d = inception_blocks[4]
        inception_e = inception_blocks[5]
        inception_aux = inception_blocks[6]
 
        self.aux_logits = aux_logits
        self.transform_input = transform_input
        self.Conv2d_1a_3x3 = conv_block(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        self.Conv2d_2a_3x3 = conv_block(32, 32, kernel_size=3)
        self.Conv2d_2b_3x3 = conv_block(32, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.Conv2d_3b_1x1 = conv_block(64, 80, kernel_size=1)
        self.Conv2d_4a_3x3 = conv_block(80, 192, kernel_size=3)
        self.Mixed_5b = inception_a(192, pool_features=32)
        self.Mixed_5c = inception_a(256, pool_features=64)
        self.Mixed_5d = inception_a(288, pool_features=64)
        self.Mixed_6a = inception_b(288)
        self.Mixed_6b = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=128)
        self.Mixed_6c = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=160)
        self.Mixed_6d = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=160)
        self.Mixed_6e = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=192)
        if aux_logits:
            self.AuxLogits = inception_aux(768, num_classes)
        self.Mixed_7a = inception_d(768)
        self.Mixed_7b = inception_e(1280)
        self.Mixed_7c = inception_e(2048)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(2048, num_classes)
'''输入(229,229,3)的数据，首先归一化输入，经过5个卷积，2个最大池化层。'''
    def _forward(self, x):
        # N x 3 x 299 x 299
        x = self.Conv2d_1a_3x3(x)
        # N x 32 x 149 x 149
        x = self.Conv2d_2a_3x3(x)
        # N x 32 x 147 x 147
        x = self.Conv2d_2b_3x3(x)
        # N x 64 x 147 x 147
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        # N x 64 x 73 x 73
        x = self.Conv2d_3b_1x1(x)
        # N x 80 x 73 x 73
        x = self.Conv2d_4a_3x3(x)
        # N x 192 x 71 x 71
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        '''然后经过3个InceptionA结构，
        1个InceptionB，3个InceptionC，1个InceptionD，2个InceptionE，
        其中InceptionA，辅助分类器AuxLogits以经过最后一个InceptionC的输出为输入。'''
        # 35 x 35 x 192
        x = self.Mixed_5b(x)  # InceptionA(192, pool_features=32)
        # 35 x 35 x 256
        x = self.Mixed_5c(x)  # InceptionA(256, pool_features=64)
        # 35 x 35 x 288
        x = self.Mixed_5d(x)  # InceptionA(288, pool_features=64)
        # 35 x 35 x 288
        x = self.Mixed_6a(x)  # InceptionB(288)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6b(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=128)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6c(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=160)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6d(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=160)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6e(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=192)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        if self.training and self.aux_logits:
            aux = self.AuxLogits(x)  # InceptionAux(768, num_classes)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_7a(x)  # InceptionD(768)
        # 8 x 8 x 1280
        x = self.Mixed_7b(x)  # InceptionE(1280)
        # 8 x 8 x 2048
        x = self.Mixed_7c(x)  # InceptionE(2048)
 
        '''进入分类部分。
        经过平均池化层+dropout+打平+全连接层输出'''
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1))
        # N x 2048 x 1 x 1
        x = F.dropout(x, training=self.training)
        # N x 2048 x 1 x 1
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)#Flatten（）就是将2D的特征图压扁为1D的特征向量，是展平操作，进入全连接层之前使用,类才能写进nn.Sequential
        # N x 2048
        x = self.fc(x)
        # N x 1000 (num_classes)
        return x, aux
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x, aux = self._forward(x)
        return x, aux

第五步*：网络结构参数初始化

python 复制代码 
    '''-----------------------网络结构参数初始化--------------------------'''
 
    # 目的：使网络更好收敛，准确率更高
    def _initialize_weights(self):  # 将各种初始化方法定义为一个initialize_weights()的函数并在模型初始后进行使用。
 
        # 遍历网络中的每一层
        for m in self.modules():
            # isinstance(object, type)，如果指定的对象拥有指定的类型，则isinstance()函数返回True
 
            '''如果是卷积层Conv2d'''
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                # Kaiming正态分布方式的权重初始化
                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
 
                '''判断是否有偏置：'''
                # 如果偏置不是0，将偏置置成0，对偏置进行初始化
                if m.bias is not None:
                    # torch.nn.init.constant_(tensor, val)，初始化整个矩阵为常数val
                    nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
 
                '''如果是全连接层'''
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                # init.normal_(tensor, mean=0.0, std=1.0)，使用从正态分布中提取的值填充输入张量
                # 参数：tensor：一个n维Tensor，mean：正态分布的平均值，std：正态分布的标准差
                nn.init.normal_(m.weight, 0, 0.01)
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)

完整代码

python 复制代码 
from __future__ import division
 
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
 
'''-------------------------第一步：定义基础卷积模块-------------------------------'''
class BasicConv2d(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, **kwargs):
        super(BasicConv2d, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, bias=False, **kwargs)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels, eps=0.001)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = self.bn(x)
        return F.relu(x, inplace=True)
 
 
    '''-----------------第二步：定义Inceptionv3模块---------------------'''
 
'''---InceptionA---'''
class InceptionA(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, pool_features, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionA, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch1x1 = conv_block(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1)
 
        self.branch5x5_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 48, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch5x5_2 = conv_block(48, 64, kernel_size=5, padding=2)
 
        self.branch3x3dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_2 = conv_block(64, 96, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_3 = conv_block(96, 96, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
 
        self.branch_pool = conv_block(in_channels, pool_features, kernel_size=1)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
 
        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5_1(x)
        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5_2(branch5x5)
 
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_1(x)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_2(branch3x3dbl)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_3(branch3x3dbl)
 
        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)
 
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch5x5, branch3x3dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
 
'''---InceptionB---'''
class InceptionB(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionB, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch3x3 = conv_block(in_channels, 384, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
        self.branch3x3dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_2 = conv_block(64, 96, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_3 = conv_block(96, 96, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3(x)
 
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_1(x)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_2(branch3x3dbl)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_3(branch3x3dbl)
 
        branch_pool = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
        outputs = [branch3x3, branch3x3dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
 
'''---InceptionC---'''
class InceptionC(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, channels_7x7, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionC, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch1x1 = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
 
        c7 = channels_7x7
        self.branch7x7_1 = conv_block(in_channels, c7, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch7x7_2 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
        self.branch7x7_3 = conv_block(c7, 192, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
 
        self.branch7x7dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, c7, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch7x7dbl_2 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
        self.branch7x7dbl_3 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
        self.branch7x7dbl_4 = conv_block(c7, c7, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
        self.branch7x7dbl_5 = conv_block(c7, 192, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
 
        self.branch_pool = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
 
        branch7x7 = self.branch7x7_1(x)
        branch7x7 = self.branch7x7_2(branch7x7)
        branch7x7 = self.branch7x7_3(branch7x7)
 
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_1(x)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_2(branch7x7dbl)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_3(branch7x7dbl)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_4(branch7x7dbl)
        branch7x7dbl = self.branch7x7dbl_5(branch7x7dbl)
 
        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)
 
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch7x7, branch7x7dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
 
'''---InceptionD---'''
class InceptionD(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionD, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch3x3_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3_2 = conv_block(192, 320, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
        self.branch7x7x3_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch7x7x3_2 = conv_block(192, 192, kernel_size=(1, 7), padding=(0, 3))
        self.branch7x7x3_3 = conv_block(192, 192, kernel_size=(7, 1), padding=(3, 0))
        self.branch7x7x3_4 = conv_block(192, 192, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_1(x)
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_2(branch3x3)
 
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_1(x)
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_2(branch7x7x3)
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_3(branch7x7x3)
        branch7x7x3 = self.branch7x7x3_4(branch7x7x3)
 
        branch_pool = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        outputs = [branch3x3, branch7x7x3, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
 
'''---InceptionE---'''
class InceptionE(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionE, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.branch1x1 = conv_block(in_channels, 320, kernel_size=1)
 
        self.branch3x3_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 384, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3_2a = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(1, 3), padding=(0, 1))
        self.branch3x3_2b = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(3, 1), padding=(1, 0))
 
        self.branch3x3dbl_1 = conv_block(in_channels, 448, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_2 = conv_block(448, 384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3dbl_3a = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(1, 3), padding=(0, 1))
        self.branch3x3dbl_3b = conv_block(384, 384, kernel_size=(3, 1), padding=(1, 0))
 
        self.branch_pool = conv_block(in_channels, 192, kernel_size=1)
 
    def _forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
 
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_1(x)
        branch3x3 = [
            self.branch3x3_2a(branch3x3),
            self.branch3x3_2b(branch3x3),
        ]
        branch3x3 = torch.cat(branch3x3, 1)
 
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_1(x)
        branch3x3dbl = self.branch3x3dbl_2(branch3x3dbl)
        branch3x3dbl = [
            self.branch3x3dbl_3a(branch3x3dbl),
            self.branch3x3dbl_3b(branch3x3dbl),
        ]
        branch3x3dbl = torch.cat(branch3x3dbl, 1)
 
        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)
 
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch3x3, branch3x3dbl, branch_pool]
        return outputs
 
    def forward(self, x):
        outputs = self._forward(x)
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)
 
 
 
'''-------------------第三步：定义辅助分类器InceptionAux-----------------------'''
class InceptionAux(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, in_channels, num_classes, conv_block=None):
        super(InceptionAux, self).__init__()
        if conv_block is None:
            conv_block = BasicConv2d
        self.conv0 = conv_block(in_channels, 128, kernel_size=1)
        self.conv1 = conv_block(128, 768, kernel_size=5)
        self.conv1.stddev = 0.01
        self.fc = nn.Linear(768, num_classes)
        self.fc.stddev = 0.001
 
    def forward(self, x):
        # N x 768 x 17 x 17
        x = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=5, stride=3)
        # N x 768 x 5 x 5
        x = self.conv0(x)
        # N x 128 x 5 x 5
        x = self.conv1(x)
        # N x 768 x 1 x 1
        # Adaptive average pooling
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1))
        # N x 768 x 1 x 1
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        # N x 768
        x = self.fc(x)
        # N x 1000
        return x
 
'''-----------------------第四步：搭建GoogLeNet网络--------------------------'''
class GoogLeNet(nn.Module):
 
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000, aux_logits=True, transform_input=False,
                 inception_blocks=None):
        super(GoogLeNet, self).__init__()
        if inception_blocks is None:
            inception_blocks = [
                BasicConv2d, InceptionA, InceptionB, InceptionC,
                InceptionD, InceptionE, InceptionAux
            ]
        assert len(inception_blocks) == 7
        conv_block = inception_blocks[0]
        inception_a = inception_blocks[1]
        inception_b = inception_blocks[2]
        inception_c = inception_blocks[3]
        inception_d = inception_blocks[4]
        inception_e = inception_blocks[5]
        inception_aux = inception_blocks[6]
 
        self.aux_logits = aux_logits
        self.transform_input = transform_input
        self.Conv2d_1a_3x3 = conv_block(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        self.Conv2d_2a_3x3 = conv_block(32, 32, kernel_size=3)
        self.Conv2d_2b_3x3 = conv_block(32, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.Conv2d_3b_1x1 = conv_block(64, 80, kernel_size=1)
        self.Conv2d_4a_3x3 = conv_block(80, 192, kernel_size=3)
        self.Mixed_5b = inception_a(192, pool_features=32)
        self.Mixed_5c = inception_a(256, pool_features=64)
        self.Mixed_5d = inception_a(288, pool_features=64)
        self.Mixed_6a = inception_b(288)
        self.Mixed_6b = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=128)
        self.Mixed_6c = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=160)
        self.Mixed_6d = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=160)
        self.Mixed_6e = inception_c(768, channels_7x7=192)
        if aux_logits:
            self.AuxLogits = inception_aux(768, num_classes)
        self.Mixed_7a = inception_d(768)
        self.Mixed_7b = inception_e(1280)
        self.Mixed_7c = inception_e(2048)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(2048, num_classes)
    '''输入(229,229,3)的数据，首先归一化输入，经过5个卷积，2个最大池化层。'''
    def _forward(self, x):
        # N x 3 x 299 x 299
        x = self.Conv2d_1a_3x3(x)
        # N x 32 x 149 x 149
        x = self.Conv2d_2a_3x3(x)
        # N x 32 x 147 x 147
        x = self.Conv2d_2b_3x3(x)
        # N x 64 x 147 x 147
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        # N x 64 x 73 x 73
        x = self.Conv2d_3b_1x1(x)
        # N x 80 x 73 x 73
        x = self.Conv2d_4a_3x3(x)
        # N x 192 x 71 x 71
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        '''然后经过3个InceptionA结构，
        1个InceptionB，3个InceptionC，1个InceptionD，2个InceptionE，
        其中InceptionA，辅助分类器AuxLogits以经过最后一个InceptionC的输出为输入。'''
        # 35 x 35 x 192
        x = self.Mixed_5b(x)  # InceptionA(192, pool_features=32)
        # 35 x 35 x 256
        x = self.Mixed_5c(x)  # InceptionA(256, pool_features=64)
        # 35 x 35 x 288
        x = self.Mixed_5d(x)  # InceptionA(288, pool_features=64)
        # 35 x 35 x 288
        x = self.Mixed_6a(x)  # InceptionB(288)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6b(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=128)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6c(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=160)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6d(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=160)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_6e(x)  # InceptionC(768, channels_7x7=192)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        if self.training and self.aux_logits:
            aux = self.AuxLogits(x)  # InceptionAux(768, num_classes)
        # 17 x 17 x 768
        x = self.Mixed_7a(x)  # InceptionD(768)
        # 8 x 8 x 1280
        x = self.Mixed_7b(x)  # InceptionE(1280)
        # 8 x 8 x 2048
        x = self.Mixed_7c(x)  # InceptionE(2048)
 
        '''进入分类部分。
        经过平均池化层+dropout+打平+全连接层输出'''
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1))
        # N x 2048 x 1 x 1
        x = F.dropout(x, training=self.training)
        # N x 2048 x 1 x 1
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)#Flatten（）就是将2D的特征图压扁为1D的特征向量，是展平操作，进入全连接层之前使用,类才能写进nn.Sequential
        # N x 2048
        x = self.fc(x)
        # N x 1000 (num_classes)
        return x, aux
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x, aux = self._forward(x)
        return x, aux
    '''-----------------------第五步：网络结构参数初始化--------------------------'''
 
    # 目的：使网络更好收敛，准确率更高
    def _initialize_weights(self):  # 将各种初始化方法定义为一个initialize_weights()的函数并在模型初始后进行使用。
 
        # 遍历网络中的每一层
        for m in self.modules():
            # isinstance(object, type)，如果指定的对象拥有指定的类型，则isinstance()函数返回True
 
            '''如果是卷积层Conv2d'''
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                # Kaiming正态分布方式的权重初始化
                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
 
                '''判断是否有偏置：'''
                # 如果偏置不是0，将偏置置成0，对偏置进行初始化
                if m.bias is not None:
                    # torch.nn.init.constant_(tensor, val)，初始化整个矩阵为常数val
                    nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
 
                '''如果是全连接层'''
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                # init.normal_(tensor, mean=0.0, std=1.0)，使用从正态分布中提取的值填充输入张量
                # 参数：tensor：一个n维Tensor，mean：正态分布的平均值，std：正态分布的标准差
                nn.init.normal_(m.weight, 0, 0.01)
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
'''---------------------------------------显示网络结构-------------------------------'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    net = GoogLeNet(1000).cuda()
    from torchsummary import summary
 
    summary(net, (3, 299, 299))

论文复现代码

上面实现的是torchvision中的Inception v3结构，和论文中不太一样。
GITHUB论文复现代码链接

论文中结构
代码
python 复制代码 
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from functools import partial
# functools.partial()：减少某个函数的参数个数。 partial() 函数允许你给一个或多个参数设置固定的值，减少接下来被调用时的参数个数
 
'''-----------------------第一步：定义卷积模块-----------------------'''
#基础卷积模块
class Conv2d(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=0, output=False):
        super(Conv2d, self).__init__()
        '''卷积层'''
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding)
        '''输出层'''
        self.output = output
        if self.output == False:
            '''bn层'''
            self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
   
            '''relu层'''
            self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        if self.output:
            return x
        else:
            x = self.bn(x)
            x = self.relu(x)
            return x
 
class Separable_Conv2d(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=0):
        super(Separable_Conv2d, self).__init__()
        self.conv_h = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, (kernel_size, 1), stride=(stride, 1), padding=(padding, 0))
        self.conv_w = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size), stride=(1, stride), padding=(0, padding))
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv_h(x)
        x = self.conv_w(x)
        x = self.bn(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        return x
 
 
class Concat_Separable_Conv2d(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=0):
        super(Concat_Separable_Conv2d, self).__init__()
        self.conv_h = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (kernel_size, 1), stride=(stride, 1), padding=(padding, 0))
        self.conv_w = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size), stride=(1, stride), padding=(0, padding))
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels * 2)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x_h = self.conv_h(x)
        x_w = self.conv_w(x)
        x = torch.cat([x_h, x_w], dim=1)
        x = self.bn(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        return x
 
 
#Flatten（）就是将2D的特征图压扁为1D的特征向量，是展平操作，进入全连接层之前使用,类才能写进nn.Sequential
class Flatten(nn.Module):
    # 传入输入维度和输出维度
    def __init__(self):
        # 调用父类构造函数
        super(Flatten, self).__init__()
 
    # 实现forward函数
    def forward(self, x):
        # 保存batch维度，后面的维度全部压平
        return torch.flatten(x, 1)
 
#Squeeze（）降维
class Squeeze(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Squeeze, self).__init__()
 
    def forward(self, x):
        return torch.squeeze(x)
 
'''-----------------------搭建GoogLeNet网络--------------------------'''
class GoogLeNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes, mode='train'):
        super(GoogLeNet, self).__init__()
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.mode = mode
        self.layers = nn.Sequential(
            Conv2d(3, 32, 3, stride=2),
            Conv2d(32, 32, 3, stride=1),
            Conv2d(32, 64, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
            Conv2d(64, 80, kernel_size=3),
            Conv2d(80, 192, kernel_size=3, stride=2),
            Conv2d(192, 288, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
            #输入：35*35*288。将5*5用两个3*3代替
            Inceptionv3(288, 64, 48, 64, 64, 96, 64, mode='1'),  # 3a
            Inceptionv3(288, 64, 48, 64, 64, 96, 64, mode='1'),  # 3b
            Inceptionv3(288, 0, 128, 384, 64, 96, 0, stride=2, pool_type='MAX', mode='1'),  # 3c
            #输入：17*17*768。
            Inceptionv3(768, 192, 128, 192, 128, 192, 192, mode='2'),  # 4a
            Inceptionv3(768, 192, 160, 192, 160, 192, 192, mode='2'),  # 4b
            Inceptionv3(768, 192, 160, 192, 160, 192, 192, mode='2'),  # 4c
            Inceptionv3(768, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, mode='2'),  # 4d
            Inceptionv3(768, 0, 192, 320, 192, 192, 0, stride=2, pool_type='MAX', mode='2'),  # 4e
            #8*8*1280
            Inceptionv3(1280, 320, 384, 384, 448, 384, 192, mode='3'),  # 5a
            Inceptionv3(2048, 320, 384, 384, 448, 384, 192, pool_type='MAX', mode='3'),  # 5b
            nn.AvgPool2d(8, 1),
            Conv2d(2048, num_classes, kernel_size=1, output=True),
            Squeeze(),
        )
        if mode == 'train':
            self.aux = InceptionAux(768, num_classes)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        for idx, layer in enumerate(self.layers):
            if (idx == 14 and self.mode == 'train'):
                aux = self.aux(x)
            x = layer(x)
        if self.mode == 'train':
            return x, aux
        else:
            return x
 
    '''-----------------------网络结构参数初始化--------------------------'''
 
    # 目的：使网络更好收敛，准确率更高
    def _initialize_weights(self):  # 将各种初始化方法定义为一个initialize_weights()的函数并在模型初始后进行使用。
 
        # 遍历网络中的每一层
        for m in self.modules():
            # isinstance(object, type)，如果指定的对象拥有指定的类型，则isinstance()函数返回True
 
            '''如果是卷积层Conv2d'''
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                # Kaiming正态分布方式的权重初始化
                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
 
                '''判断是否有偏置：'''
                # 如果偏置不是0，将偏置置成0，对偏置进行初始化
                if m.bias is not None:
                    # torch.nn.init.constant_(tensor, val)，初始化整个矩阵为常数val
                    nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
 
                '''如果是全连接层'''
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                # init.normal_(tensor, mean=0.0, std=1.0)，使用从正态分布中提取的值填充输入张量
                # 参数：tensor：一个n维Tensor，mean：正态分布的平均值，std：正态分布的标准差
                nn.init.normal_(m.weight, 0, 0.01)
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
 
'''---------------------Inceptionv3-------------------------------------'''
'''
Inceptionv3由三个连续的Inception模块组组成
'''
class Inceptionv3(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_channel, conv1_channel, conv3_reduce_channel,
                 conv3_channel, conv3_double_reduce_channel, conv3_double_channel, pool_reduce_channel, stride=1,
                 pool_type='AVG', mode='1'):
 
        super(Inceptionv3, self).__init__()
        self.stride = stride
 
        if stride == 2:
            padding_conv3 = 0
            padding_conv7 = 2
        else:
            padding_conv3 = 1
            padding_conv7 = 3
        if conv1_channel != 0:
            self.conv1 = Conv2d(input_channel, conv1_channel, kernel_size=1)
        else:
            self.conv1 = None
        self.conv3_reduce = Conv2d(input_channel, conv3_reduce_channel, kernel_size=1)
        #第一种Inception模式：输入的特征图尺寸为35x35x288,采用了论文中图5中的架构，将5x5以两个3x3代替。
        if mode == '1':
            self.conv3 = Conv2d(conv3_reduce_channel, conv3_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride,
                                padding=padding_conv3)
            self.conv3_double1 = Conv2d(conv3_double_reduce_channel, conv3_double_channel, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
            self.conv3_double2 = Conv2d(conv3_double_channel, conv3_double_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride,
                                        padding=padding_conv3)
 
        #第二种Inception模块：输入特征图尺寸为17x17x768，采用了论文中图6中nx1+1xn的不对称卷积结构
        elif mode == '2':
            self.conv3 = Separable_Conv2d(conv3_reduce_channel, conv3_channel, kernel_size=7, stride=stride,
                                          padding=padding_conv7)
            self.conv3_double1 = Separable_Conv2d(conv3_double_reduce_channel, conv3_double_channel, kernel_size=7,
                                                  padding=3)
            self.conv3_double2 = Separable_Conv2d(conv3_double_channel, conv3_double_channel, kernel_size=7,
                                                  stride=stride, padding=padding_conv7)
 
        #第三种Inception模块：输入特征图尺寸为8x8x1280, 采用了论文图7中所示的并行模块的结构
        elif mode == '3':
            self.conv3 = Concat_Separable_Conv2d(conv3_reduce_channel, conv3_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride,
                                                 padding=1)
            self.conv3_double1 = Conv2d(conv3_double_reduce_channel, conv3_double_channel, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
            self.conv3_double2 = Concat_Separable_Conv2d(conv3_double_channel, conv3_double_channel, kernel_size=3,
                                                         stride=stride, padding=1)
 
        self.conv3_double_reduce = Conv2d(input_channel, conv3_double_reduce_channel, kernel_size=1)
        if pool_type == 'MAX':
            self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=padding_conv3)
        elif pool_type == 'AVG':
            self.pool = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=padding_conv3)
        if pool_reduce_channel != 0:
            self.pool_reduce = Conv2d(input_channel, pool_reduce_channel, kernel_size=1)
        else:
            self.pool_reduce = None
 
    def forward(self, x):
 
        output_conv3 = self.conv3(self.conv3_reduce(x))
        output_conv3_double = self.conv3_double2(self.conv3_double1(self.conv3_double_reduce(x)))
        if self.pool_reduce != None:
            output_pool = self.pool_reduce(self.pool(x))
        else:
            output_pool = self.pool(x)
 
        if self.conv1 != None:
            output_conv1 = self.conv1(x)
            outputs = torch.cat([output_conv1, output_conv3, output_conv3_double, output_pool], dim=1)
        else:
            outputs = torch.cat([output_conv3, output_conv3_double, output_pool], dim=1)
        return outputs
 
'''------------辅助分类器---------------------------'''
class InceptionAux(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_channel, num_classes):
        super(InceptionAux, self).__init__()
        self.layers = nn.Sequential(
            nn.AvgPool2d(5, 3),
            Conv2d(input_channel, 128, 1),
            Conv2d(128, 1024, kernel_size=5),
            Conv2d(1024, num_classes, kernel_size=1, output=True),
            Squeeze()
        )
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.layers(x)
        return x
 
'''-------------------显示网络结构-------------------------------'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    net = GoogLeNet(1000).cuda()
    from torchsummary import summary
 
    summary(net, (3, 299, 299))
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