文章目录
-
- [一、请简述Exception 的作用定义和使用场景](#一、请简述Exception 的作用定义和使用场景)
- 二、异常捕获练习
-
- [题目 1: 除法计算器](#题目 1: 除法计算器)
- [题目 2: 文件读取](#题目 2: 文件读取)
- [题目 3: 数字转换](#题目 3: 数字转换)
- [题目 4: 数组访问](#题目 4: 数组访问)
- [题目 5: 自定义异常](#题目 5: 自定义异常)
- 三、使用C#实现建造者模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
- 四、使用C#实现原型模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
- 五、使用C#实现适配器模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
- 六、使用C#实现桥接模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
- 七、使用C#实现装饰器模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
- 八、使用C#实现外观模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
一、请简述Exception 的作用定义和使用场景
定义:程序中的运行时错误,它违反一个系统约束或应用程序约束,或出现了在正常操作时未预料的情形。
使用场景:分为系统异常和自定义异常。常见的系统异常有:ArithmeticException(算数异常),NullReferenceException(空引用异常),IndexOutOfRangeException(索引越界异常),InvalidOperationException(无效操作异常)等。异常处理包括:try-catch块,finally块,throw关键字以及使用using语句处理资源。
二、异常捕获练习
题目 1: 除法计算器
编写一个程序,读取两个整数并进行除法运算。如果除数为零,程序应捕获 DivideByZeroException 异常,并输出适当的错误消息。
要求:
用户输入两个整数。
捕获除零异常,并输出错误信息。
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string x=Console.ReadLine();
string y=Console.ReadLine();
int a=Convert.ToInt32(x);
int b=Convert.ToInt32(y);
compute(a,b);
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void compute(int x, int y)
{
try
{
if(y==0)
{
x /= y;
}
}
catch(System.DivideByZeroException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
题目 2: 文件读取
编写一个程序,尝试从指定文件中读取内容。如果文件不存在或路径无效,程序应捕获 FileNotFoundException 异常,并输出适当的错误消息。
要求:
使用 System.IO 命名空间中的 FileNotFoundException 异常。
捕获文件未找到异常,并输出错误信息。
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Read();
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void Read()
{
try
{
FileStream file = new FileStream("C:\\test.txt", FileMode.Open);
file.Close();
}
catch(System.IO.FileNotFoundException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
题目 3: 数字转换
编写一个程序,尝试将用户输入的字符串转换为整数。如果输入的字符串不是有效的数字,程序应捕获 FormatException 异常,并输出适当的错误消息。
要求:
用户输入一个字符串。
尝试将其转换为整数。
捕获格式异常,并输出错误信息。
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string a=Console.ReadLine();
string b=Console.ReadLine();
Change(a,b);
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void Change(string a,string b)
{
try
{
int x = Convert.ToInt32(a); int y = Convert.ToInt32(b);
}
catch(System.FormatException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
题目 4: 数组访问
编写一个程序,尝试访问数组中的一个元素。如果索引超出数组的范围,程序应捕获 IndexOutOfRangeException 异常,并输出适当的错误消息。
要求:
创建一个整数数组。
用户输入一个索引。
捕获数组索引越界异常,并输出错误信息。
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Read();
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void Read()
{
int[] nums = new int[10] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
try
{
int x = nums[11];
}
catch(System.IndexOutOfRangeException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
题目 5: 自定义异常
定义一个自定义异常类 InvalidAgeException,继承Exception,用来表示用户输入的年龄不合法(小于0或大于150)。编写一个程序,使用 InvalidAgeException 捕获这种非法年龄输入的异常,并输出适当的错误消息。
要求:
定义 InvalidAgeException 类。
用户输入年龄,检查是否合法,并使用自定义异常进行捕获。
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string a = Console.ReadLine();
int n=Convert.ToInt32(a);
Age(n);
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static void Age(int n)
{
if (n < 0 || n > 150)
{
throw new InvalidAgeException("年龄不合法");
}
}
}
}
public class InvalidAgeException : System.Exception {
public InvalidAgeException() { }
public InvalidAgeException(string message) : base(message) { }
public InvalidAgeException(string message,object invalidObject) : base(message) { }
}
三、使用C#实现建造者模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class Actor
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Sex { get; set; }
}
public interface IActorBuider
{
Actor Product { get; set; }
void CreateName();
void CreateAge();
void CreateSex();
Actor ReturnResult();
}
public class AngleBuilder : IActorBuider
{
private Actor _product;
public Actor Product
{
get
{
if (_product == null)
{
_product = new Actor();
}
return _product;
}
set => _product = value;
}
public void CreateName()
{
Product.Name = "天使";
}
public void CreateAge()
{
Product.Age = 20;
}
public void CreateSex()
{
Product.Sex = "女";
}
public Actor ReturnResult()
{
return Product;
}
}
public class ActorDirector
{
private IActorBuider _builder;
public void SetBuilder(IActorBuider builder)
{
_builder = builder;
}
public Actor Constructor()
{
_builder.CreateName();
_builder.CreateAge();
_builder.CreateSex();
return _builder.ReturnResult();
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ActorDirector ad= new ActorDirector();
ad.SetBuilder(new AngleBuilder());
Actor actor=ad.Constructor();
Console.WriteLine($"名称为:{actor.Name}");
Console.WriteLine($"年龄为:{actor.Age}");
Console.WriteLine($"性别为:{actor.Sex}");
}
}
}
四、使用C#实现原型模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public abstract class Prototype
{
public abstract void Fight();
public abstract void BegAlms();
public abstract Prototype Clone();
}
public sealed class XingZheSunPrototype : Prototype
{
public override void Fight()
{
Console.WriteLine("腾云驾雾,各种武艺");
}
public override void BegAlms()
{
Console.WriteLine("什么都能要来");
}
public override Prototype Clone()
{
return (XingZheSunPrototype)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}
public sealed class SunXingZhePrototype : Prototype
{
public override void Fight()
{
Console.WriteLine("七十二变");
}
public override void BegAlms()
{
Console.WriteLine("只能要来水果");
}
public override Prototype Clone()
{
return (SunXingZhePrototype)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Prototype xingzhesun=new XingZheSunPrototype();
Prototype xingzhesun2=xingzhesun.Clone();
Prototype xingzhesun3= xingzhesun.Clone();
Prototype sunxingzhe=new SunXingZhePrototype();
Prototype sunxingzhe2=sunxingzhe.Clone();
Prototype sunxingzhe3= sunxingzhe.Clone();
Prototype sunxingzhe4= sunxingzhe.Clone();
Prototype sunxingzhe5= sunxingzhe.Clone();
sunxingzhe2.Fight();
xingzhesun3.BegAlms();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
五、使用C#实现适配器模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
csharp
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class TwoHoleTarget
{
public virtual void Request()
{
Console.WriteLine("两孔的充电器可以使用");
}
}
public class ThreeHoleAdaptee
{
public void SpecificRequest()
{
Console.WriteLine("我是三个孔的插头也可以使用了");
}
}
public interface ITwoHoleTarget
{
void Request();
}
public class threeToTwoAdapter : ThreeHoleAdaptee, ITwoHoleTarget
{
public void Request()
{
this.SpecificRequest();
}
}
public class ThreeToTwoAdapter : TwoHoleTarget
{
private ThreeHoleAdaptee threeHoleAdaptee = new ThreeHoleAdaptee();
public override void Request()
{
threeHoleAdaptee.SpecificRequest();
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
TwoHoleTarget homeTwoHole = new ThreeToTwoAdapter();
homeTwoHole.Request();
ITwoHoleTarget change = new threeToTwoAdapter();
change.Request();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
六、使用C#实现桥接模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
csharp
using ConsoleApp1;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public abstract class Database
{
protected PlatformImplementor _implementor;
protected Database(PlatformImplementor implementor)
{
this._implementor = implementor;
}
public abstract void Create();
}
public abstract class PlatformImplementor
{
public abstract void Process();
}
public class SqlServer2000 : Database
{
public SqlServer2000(PlatformImplementor implementor) : base(implementor){ }
public override void Create()
{
this._implementor.Process();
}
}
}
public class SqlServer2005 : Database
{
public SqlServer2005(PlatformImplementor implementor) : base(implementor){ }
public override void Create()
{
this._implementor.Process();
}
}
public class SqlServer2000UnixImplementor : PlatformImplementor
{
public override void Process()
{
Console.WriteLine("SqlServer2000针对Unix的具体实现");
}
}
public sealed class SqlServer2005UnixImplementor : PlatformImplementor
{
public override void Process()
{
Console.WriteLine("SqlServer2005针对Unix的具体实现");
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
PlatformImplementor SqlServer2000UnixImp = new SqlServer2000UnixImplementor();
PlatformImplementor SqlServer2005UnixImp = new SqlServer2005UnixImplementor();
Database SqlServer2000Unix = new SqlServer2000(SqlServer2000UnixImp);
Database SqlServer2005Unix = new SqlServer2005(SqlServer2005UnixImp);
SqlServer2000Unix.Create();
SqlServer2005Unix.Create();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
七、使用C#实现装饰器模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
csharp
using ConsoleApp1;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public abstract class House
{
public abstract void Renuvation();
}
public abstract class DecorationStrategy : House
{
protected House _house;
protected DecorationStrategy(House house)
{
this._house = house;
}
public override void Renuvation()
{
if (this._house != null)
{
this._house.Renuvation();
}
}
}
public sealed class StarDengHouse : House {
public override void Renuvation()
{
Console.WriteLine("装修StarDeng的房子");
}
}
public sealed class HouseSecurityDecorator : DecorationStrategy
{
public HouseSecurityDecorator(House house) : base(house) { }
public override void Renuvation()
{
base.Renuvation();
Console.WriteLine("增加安全系统");
}
}
public sealed class KeepWarmDecorator : DecorationStrategy
{
public KeepWarmDecorator(House house) : base(house) { }
public override void Renuvation()
{
base.Renuvation();
Console.WriteLine("增加了保温的功能");
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
House myselfHouse = new StarDengHouse();
DecorationStrategy securityHouse = new HouseSecurityDecorator(myselfHouse);
securityHouse.Renuvation();
DecorationStrategy securityAndWarmHouse = new KeepWarmDecorator(securityHouse);
securityAndWarmHouse.Renuvation();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
八、使用C#实现外观模式,并说明其模式的适用场景
csharp
using ConsoleApp1;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
public class SystemA
{
public void MethodA()
{
Console.WriteLine("执行身份认证");
}
}
public class SystemB
{
public void MethodB()
{
Console.WriteLine("执行系统安全检查");
}
}
public class SystemC
{
public void MethodC()
{
Console.WriteLine("执行网银安全检查");
}
}
public class SystemFacade
{
private SystemA auth;
private SystemB security;
private SystemC netbank;
public SystemFacade()
{
auth = new SystemA();
security = new SystemB();
netbank = new SystemC();
}
public void Buy()
{
auth.MethodA();
security.MethodB();
netbank.MethodC();
Console.WriteLine("我已经成功购买了");
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SystemFacade facade = new SystemFacade();
facade.Buy();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}