Python中使用SQLModel操作MySQL数据库的详细教程，附多个实战案例及其完整源码

Python私教2024-08-17 15:42

创建表

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 删除所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

添加数据

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建数据
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)

with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.commit()

查询第一条数据

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 创建数据
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)

with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.name == "Spider-Boy")
    hero = session.exec(statement).first()
    print(hero)

查询列表数据

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero)
    results = session.exec(statement)
    print(list(results))

查询所有数据

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero)
    results = session.exec(statement).all()
    print(results)

and 查询

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# and 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.age >= 35, Hero.age < 40)
    results = session.exec(statement)
    for hero in results:
        print(hero)

or 查询

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = None


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# or 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).where(or_(Hero.age <= 35, Hero.age > 90))
    results = session.exec(statement)
    for hero in results:
        print(hero)

设置索引

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# or 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.age <= 35)
    results = session.exec(statement)
    for hero in results:
        print(hero)

根据ID查询

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.id == 1)
    results = session.exec(statement)
    hero = results.first()
    print("Hero:", hero)

get查询

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    hero = session.get(Hero, 1)
    print("Hero:", hero)

分页查询

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).offset(3).limit(3)
    results = session.exec(statement)
    heroes = results.all()
    print(heroes)

更新数据

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
hero_4 = Hero(name="Tarantula", secret_name="Natalia Roman-on", age=32)
hero_5 = Hero(name="Black Lion", secret_name="Trevor Challa", age=35)
hero_6 = Hero(name="Dr. Weird", secret_name="Steve Weird", age=36)
hero_7 = Hero(name="Captain North America", secret_name="Esteban Rogelios", age=93)
with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(hero_1)
    session.add(hero_2)
    session.add(hero_3)
    session.add(hero_4)
    session.add(hero_5)
    session.add(hero_6)
    session.add(hero_7)
    session.commit()

# 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.name == "Spider-Boy")
    results = session.exec(statement)
    hero = results.one()
    print("Hero:", hero)

    hero.age = 16
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    print("Updated hero:", hero)

删除数据

python 复制代码 
from typing import Optional
from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel, create_engine, Session, select, or_


class User(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


# 创建数据库引擎
sqlite_url = "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/fastzdp_sqlmodel?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)

# 创建所有表
SQLModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 新增
u1 = User(name="张三1", age=23)
u2 = User(name="张三2", age=23)
u3 = User(name="张三3", age=23)

with Session(engine) as session:
    session.add(u1)
    session.add(u2)
    session.add(u3)
    session.commit()

# 查询
with Session(engine) as session:
    statement = select(User).where(User.name == "张三1")
    results = session.exec(statement)
    hero = results.one()
    print("User: ", hero)

    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    print("Deleted hero:", hero)

    statement = select(User).where(User.name == "张三1")
    results = session.exec(statement)
    hero = results.first()
    if hero is None:
        print("不存在名字叫张三1的用户")
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