1、roles（角色）介绍
roles(⻆⾊): 就是通过分别将variables, tasks及handlers等放置于单独 的⽬录中,并可以便捷地调⽤它们的⼀种机制。
假设我们要写⼀个playbook来安装管理lamp环境，那么这个 playbook就会写很⻓。所以我们希望把这个很⼤的⽂件分成多个功能 拆分, 分成apache管理,php管理,mysql管理，然后在需要使⽤的时候 直接调⽤就可以了，以免重复写。就类似编程⾥的模块化的概念，以 达到代码复⽤的效果。
2、roles目录介绍
files：⽤来存放由copy模块或script模块调⽤的⽂件。
tasks：⾄少有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各tasks。
handlers:有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各handlers。
templates：⽤来存放jinjia2模板。
vars：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义变量。
meta：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义此⻆⾊的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
注意: 在每个⻆⾊的⽬录中分别创建files, tasks,handlers,templates,vars和meta⽬录，⽤不到的⽬录可以创建为空⽬录。
3、使用roles安装httpd和mysql
1）创建roles角色基础目录与文件
root@1 \~\]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/ \[root@1 roles\]# mkdir {httpd,mysql} \[root@1 roles\]# mkdir {httpd,mysql}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta} \[root@1 roles\]# touch {httpd,mysql}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta}/main.yml \[root@1 roles\]# tree . ├── httpd │ ├── files │ ├── handlers │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── meta │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── tasks │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── templates │ └── vars │ └── main.yml ├── mysql ├── files ├── handlers │ └── main.yml ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ └── main.yml ├── templates └── vars └── main.yml 2）创建playbook调用角色 \[root@1 roles\]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - httpd - mysql \[root@1 roles\]# cd \[root@1 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载mysql yum: name=mysql state=absent - name: 安装mysql yum: name=mysql state=present \[root@1 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载httpd yum: name=httpd state=absent - name: 安装httpd yum: name=httpd state=present - name: 启动httpd service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes \[root@1 \~\]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml 4、练习：使用role来实现lnmp 1、nginx改配置8080 2、mariadb中创建eleme数据库 3、创建表 t_user id int 主键约束，自增 编号 username varchar 非空约束 账号 password varchar 非空约束 密码 remark varchar 没有约束 账号权限说明 1）使用剧本修改nginx的端口号为80 \[root@m0 \~\]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root tasks: - name: 卸载httpd yum: name=httpd state=absent - name: 安装nginx yum: name=nginx state=present - name: 修改资源文件 shell: echo 'i am nginx,port is 80' \> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html - name: 修改端口 command: sed -i '/listen/ s/80/8080/g' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf notify: - restart nginx - name: 启动服务 service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes handlers: - name: restart nginx service: name=nginx state=restarted ... \[root@m0 \~\]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml 2）安装mariadb，命令行形式创建数据库和表 \[root@1 \~\]# yum -y remove \*mariadb\* \[root@1 \~\]# yum -y install mariadb \[root@1 \~\]# yum -y install mariadb-server.x86_64 \[root@1 \~\]# yum -y install mariadb-devel.x86_64 \[root@1 \~\]# systemctl start mariadb \[root@1 \~\]# mysql MariaDB \[(none)\]\> quit Bye \[root@1 \~\]# mysql \<\< EOF \> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4; \> use eleme; \> create table user(id int primary key auto_increment,username varchar(45) not null,password varchar(45) not null,remark varchar(45)); \> quit \> EOF \[root@1 \~\]# mysql MariaDB \[(none)\]\> show databases; +--------------------+ \| Database \| +--------------------+ \| information_schema \| \| eleme \| \| mysql \| \| performance_schema \| \| test \| +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB \[test\]\> use eleme; Database changed MariaDB \[eleme\]\> show tables; +-----------------+ \| Tables_in_eleme \| +-----------------+ \| user \| +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 3）使用roles安装mariadb并执行脚本创建数据库和表 \[root@1 \~\]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/ \[root@1 roles\]# cp -r httpd mariadb \[root@1 roles\]# cd mariadb/ \[root@1 mariadb\]# ls files handlers meta tasks templates vars \[root@1 mariadb\]# vim tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载mariadb yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=absent - name: 安装mariadb yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=present - name: 启动mariadb service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes - name: 执行脚本，创建数据库和数据表 script: /etc/ansible/script/dbtable.sh \[root@1 mariadb\]# cd /etc/ansible/ \[root@1 ansible\]# mkdir script \[root@1 ansible\]# cd script/ \[root@1 script\]# vim dbtable.sh #!/bin/bash mysql \<\< EOF create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4; use eleme; create table t_user( id int primary key auto_increment, username varchar(45) not null, password varchar(45) not null, remark varchar(45) ); quit EOF \[root@1 script\]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test003.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - mariadb \[root@1 script\]# cd /etc/ansible/playbook/ \[root@1 playbook\]# ansible-playbook test003.yml 下午 配置⼀主⼆从的mysql服务器 mysql57 1）mysql服务器端⼝3306，不要关闭防⽕墙 # 主从配置 \[root@mysql57 \~\]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp success \[root@mysql57 \~\]# firewall-cmd --reload success \[root@mysql57 \~\]# firewall-cmd --list-ports 3306/tcp 96 yum -y install lrzsz 66 tar -zxf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 67 cp -r mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql 68 mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files 69 useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql 70 chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/ 71 chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/ 72 rm -rf /etc/my.cnf # 主配置 73 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql 74 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 76 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57 77 service mysql57 start 79 sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile 80 source /etc/profile vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf \[mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
activate_all_roles_on_login=on
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4
service mysql57 restart
81 mysql -p'zc0fLfoM%SDP'
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec) //修改root密码
mysql> create user 'slave0'@'%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) //创建slave用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave0'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) //授予replication slave权限
mysql> flush privileges; //重新加载权限表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush tables with read lock; //刷新所有表并施加一个全局读锁
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status; //查看主服务器当前二进制日志的状态信息
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 1178 | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.0.0.58:/usr/local/mysql/
rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.0.0.59:/usr/local/mysql/
从配置
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57
service mysql57 start
sed -i 'aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
activate_all_roles_on_login=on
port=3310
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
service mysql57 restart
mysql -p'123'
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='10.0.0.57',
-> master_user='slave0',
-> master_password='123',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='binlog.000003',
-> master_log_pos=1178;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.57
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1178
Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 323
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
2）在mysql中添加eleme数据库设置为utf8mb4
root@mysql57 \~\]# mysql -p'123'
mysql\> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql\> show databases;
+--------------------+
\| Database \|
+--------------------+
\| information_schema \|
\| eleme \|
\| mysql \|
\| performance_schema \|
\| sys \|
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3）添加表t_user
mysql\> create table eleme.t_user(
-\> id int not null primary key,
-\> name varchar(32) not null,
-\> username varchar(32) not null,
-\> password varchar(32) not null,
-\> remark varchar(32) not null
-\> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql\> desc eleme.t_user;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
\| Field \| Type \| Null \| Key \| Default \| Extra \|
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
\| id \| int(11) \| NO \| PRI \| NULL \| \|
\| name \| varchar(32) \| NO \| \| NULL \| \|
\| username \| varchar(32) \| NO \| \| NULL \| \|
\| password \| varchar(32) \| NO \| \| NULL \| \|
\| remark \| varchar(32) \| NO \| \| NULL \| \|
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
4）添加2⾏记录
mysql\> insert into eleme.t_user values(1,'超级管理员','admin','admin','超级管理员'),(2,'普通用户','guest','guest','普通用户');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql\> select \* from eleme.t_user;
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
\| id \| name \| username \| password \| remark \|
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
\| 1 \| 超级管理员 \| admin \| admin \| 超级管理员 \|
\| 2 \| 普通用户 \| guest \| guest \| 普通用户 \|
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5）使⽤mycat为3台数据库设置负载均衡（读写分离）
\[root@mycat \~\]# systemctl stop firewalld
\[root@mycat \~\]# systemctl disable firewalld
\[root@mycat \~\]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz v
\[root@mycat \~\]# tar -xf jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz
\[root@mycat \~\]# tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
\[root@mycat \~\]# cp -r jdk1.8.0_192/ /usr/local/jdk
\[root@mycat \~\]# cp -r mycat/ /usr/local/
\[root@mycat \~\]# ls /usr/local/jdk/
bin lib src.zip
COPYRIGHT LICENSE THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
include man THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
javafx-src.zip README.html
jre release
\[root@mycat \~\]# sed -i '$aexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk' /etc/profile
\[root@mycat \~\]# source /etc/profile
\[root@mycat \~\]# $JAVA_HOME
-bash: /usr/local/jdk: 是一个目录
\[root@mycat \~\]# sed -i '$aexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin' /etc/profile
\[root@mycat \~\]# source /etc/profile
\[root@mycat \~\]# $PATH
-bash: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin: 没有那个文件或目录
\[root@mycat \~\]# javac -version
javac 1.8.0_192
\[root@mycat \~\]# ls /usr/local/mycat/
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
\[root@mycat \~\]# ll /usr/local/mycat/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 190 8月 15 15:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 15 15:19 catlet
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 8月 15 15:19 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月 15 15:19 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 15 15:19 logs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 219 8月 15 15:19 version.txt
\[root@mycat \~\]# ls /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat
\[root@mycat \~\]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
\