Ubuntu 搭建 GLFW 环境及其相关测试 demo

文章目录

• • • 1.系统信息：Ubuntu-22.04.1
    • 2.依赖库安装
    • 3.解压编译
    • [4.测试 demo 1 窗体](#4.测试 demo 1 窗体)
    • [5.测试 demo2 三角形](#5.测试 demo2 三角形)
    • 6.键盘事件、图像显示

GLFW (Graphics Library Framework) 是一个开源的跨平台库，专门用于创建和管理 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 上下文、窗口及其他与图形渲染相关的任务。它的主要用途包括创建窗口、处理用户输入（例如键盘和鼠标事件）、以及管理 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 的上下文。

glfw 渲染图片效果

1.系统信息：Ubuntu-22.04.1

[jn@jn glfw-3.4]$ uname -a
Linux jn 6.5.0-28-generic #29~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu Apr  4 14:39:20 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[jn@jn glfw-3.4]$

2.依赖库安装

# GLFW依赖
sudo apt-get install -y libx11-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxrandr-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxinerama-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxcursor-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxi-dev
# 测试程序编译依赖
sudo apt-get install -y libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev

3.解压编译

①下载GLFW库：
https://github.com/glfw/glfw/releases
https://github.com/glfw/glfw/archive/refs/tags/3.4.tar.gz

②编译：

[jn@jn GLFW]$ unzip glfw-3.4.zip 
Archive:  glfw-3.4.zip
   creating: glfw-3.4/
   creating: glfw-3.4/CMake/
...
[jn@jn GLFW]$ cd glfw-3.4/
[jn@jn GLFW]$ cmake -S . -B build -DGLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_X11=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$PWD/../glfw #生成cmake编译过程文件
-- Including X11 support
-- Could NOT find Doxygen (missing: DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE)
-- Documentation generation requires Doxygen 1.9.8 or later
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/glfw-3.4/build
[jn@jn GLFW]$

Doxygen：接口文档生成，不重要

---

• cmake -S . -B build 一些错误解决办法：

1. Failed to find wayland-scanner

   使用cmake -S . -B build -DGLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_X11=ON

2. 带了 wayland关闭和X11开启还是报错

CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:31 (message):
  GLFW_USE_WAYLAND has been removed; delete the CMake cache and set
  GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND and GLFW_BUILD_X11 instead

之前没参数-DGLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_X11=ON，会有残留，需要清理重编译：

[jn@jn glfw-3.4]$ cmake -S . -B build -DGLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_X11=ON
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:31 (message):
  GLFW_USE_WAYLAND has been removed; delete the CMake cache and set
  GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND and GLFW_BUILD_X11 instead

-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/glfw-3.4/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
[jn@jn glfw-3.4]$ rm -rf build CMakeCache.txt

3.Could NOT find X11 (missing: X11_X11_INCLUDE_PATH X11_X11_LIB)

sudo apt-get install -y libx11-dev

4.RandR headers not found; install libxrandr development package

sudo apt-get install libxrandr-dev

5.Xinerama headers not found; install libxinerama development package

sudo apt-get install -y libxinerama-dev

6.Xcursor headers not found; install libxcursor development package

sudo apt-get install libxcursor-dev

7.XInput headers not found; install libxi development package

sudo apt-get install libxi-dev

---

4.测试 demo 1 窗体

①目录：

[jn@jn GLFW]$ tree -L 2
.
├── glfw
│   ├── include
│   └── lib
└── test
    ├── CMakeLists.txt
    └── main.cpp
[jn@jn GLFW]$

②CMakeLists.txt:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(glfwTest)

# 设置C++标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

# 查找GLFW库
find_package(glfw3 3.3 REQUIRED PATHS ../glfw)
find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)

# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)

# 链接GLFW和OpenGL
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} glfw OpenGL::GL)

③main.cpp

#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    // 初始化GLFW库
    if (!glfwInit()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLFW" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 创建窗口
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "GLFW Window For Jn", nullptr, nullptr);
    if (!window) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    // 设置上下文为当前窗口
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    // 主循环
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        // 清空颜色缓冲
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // 交换前后缓冲
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);

        // 处理事件
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // 清理并退出
    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

④编译:

[jn@jn test]$ cmake -S . -B build
...
[jn@jn test]$ cd build;make
Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target glfwTest
[100%] Built target glfwTest
[jn@jn build]$ ls
CMakeCache.txt  CMakeFiles  cmake_install.cmake  glfwTest  Makefile
[jn@jn build]$ ./glfwTest

其他问题：
注：cmake 找不到 OpenGL

Could NOT find OpenGL (missing: OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY OPENGL_glx_LIBRARY
  OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR)

安装依赖：

sudo apt-get install -y libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev

5.测试 demo2 三角形

①依赖glad

在官网根据需求生成源码：https://glad.dav1d.de/

可以查看本机 OpenGL 版本：

[jn@jn glad-2.0.6]$ glxinfo|grep version
server glx version string: 1.4
client glx version string: 1.4
GLX version: 1.4
    Max core profile version: 4.5
    Max compat profile version: 4.5
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.2
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL version string: 4.5 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 Mesa 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.20
    GL_EXT_shader_implicit_conversions, GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
[jn@jn glad-2.0.6]$ 

根据版本选择，点击右下角 GENENATE 会生成源码，下载集成到自己源码中即可

②代码

我是这么放的：

[jn@jn triangle]$ tree
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── glad.zip
├── include
│   ├── glad
│   │   └── glad.h
│   └── KHR
│       └── khrplatform.h
├── main.cpp
└── src
    └── glad.c
[jn@jn triangle]$

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(glfwTest)

# 设置C++标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(
./include
)

# 查找GLFW库
find_package(glfw3 3.3 REQUIRED PATHS ../glfw)
find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)

# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp src/glad.c)

# 链接GLFW和OpenGL
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} glfw OpenGL::GL)

main.cpp

#include <glad/glad.h>  // 需要使用GLAD加载OpenGL函数
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

const char* vertexShaderSource = R"(
#version 330 core
layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
void main() {
    gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0);
}
)";

const char* fragmentShaderSource = R"(
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
void main() {
    FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); // 红色
}
)";

int main() {
    if (!glfwInit()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLFW" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "OpenGL Triangle", nullptr, nullptr);
    if (!window) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

    float vertices[] = {
        0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,
       -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f
    };

    unsigned int VAO, VBO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    glBindVertexArray(0);

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

注意：这里有个坑，需要将glad/glad.h头文件放在glfw前面，先包含glad头文件，否则glad报错

[jn@jn build]$ make
Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target glfwTest
[ 33%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/glfwTest.dir/main.cpp.o
In file included from /home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/triangle/main.cpp:4:
/home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/triangle/./include/glad/glad.h:27:2: error: #error OpenGL header already included, remove this include, glad already provides it
   27 | #error OpenGL header already included, remove this include, glad already provides it
      |  ^~~~~
/home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/triangle/./include/glad/glad.h:1321: warning: "GL_INVALID_INDEX" redefined
 1321 | #define GL_INVALID_INDEX 0xFFFFFFFF
      |
In file included from /usr/include/GL/gl.h:2050,
                 from /home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/glfw/include/GLFW/glfw3.h:241,
                 from /home/jn/Desktop/GLFW/triangle/main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/GL/glext.h:1355: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 1355 | #define GL_INVALID_INDEX                  0xFFFFFFFFu

③编译：

[jn@jn triangle]$ cmake -S . -B build
[jn@jn triangle]$ cd build;make
[ 33%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/glfwTest.dir/main.cpp.o
[ 66%] Building C object CMakeFiles/glfwTest.dir/src/glad.c.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable glfwTest
[100%] Built target glfwTest
[jn@jn build]$ ./glfwTest

④结果：

6.键盘事件、图像显示

贴代码太多，不再一一列出代码：

① 键盘事件监控：

图像显示：