1.问题描述
当基于dockerfile创建容器时，遇到Could not connect to ...、Failed to fetch ...等异常时，大概原因是没有配置好容器创建所需的镜像源。这里以Ubuntu基础镜像源为例。
- dockerfile内容
bash
FROM ubuntu
RUN apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y
CMD ["bash"]- dockerfile执行与异常提示
bash
$ docker build -f data/dockerfiles --tag my_test
Get:1 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [128 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [128 kB]
此处省略......
Ign:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease
Ign:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease
Ign:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease
此处省略......
Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.83), connection timed out
Err:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease
Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
此处省略......
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble/InRelease Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.83), connection timed out
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble-updates/InRelease Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble-backports/InRelease Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
此处省略......2.解决方案
本质上，是需要修改基于镜像文件创建的容器中的/etc/apt/sources.list文件，将该文件中的镜像源从官方源换成国内源。这里以Ubuntu基础镜像源为例，有如下两种可选方案实施。
2.1.从dockerfile添加命令修改（自动化、简单）
打开dockerfile，在FROM ...命令后添加镜像源修改命令即可，如下：
bash
FROM ubuntu
# 镜像源修改命令
RUN sed -i "s@http://.*archive.ubuntu.com@http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN sed -i "s@http://.*security.ubuntu.com@http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
# 容器软件安装命令
RUN apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y
CMD ["bash"]添加镜像源修改命令后，再次执行容器构建命令docker build -f data/dockerfiles --tag my_test，即可快速完成容器构建。
2.2.从创建启动的基础镜像容器修改（略微繁琐）
-
（1）创建启动基础镜像的容器
bash$ docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash -
（2）进入容器命令行，然后手动修改sources.list文件
shell$ vim /etc/apt/sources.list # 官方sources.list文件内容 deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse将上述官方sources.list文件内容修改为如下：
sehlldeb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic universe deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic universe deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse注意，重要事情说3遍：
该步骤一定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部执行！！！
该步骤一定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部执行！！！
该步骤一定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部执行！！！ -
（3）在当前容器中，手动安装dockerfile中列出的其他软件包
bashapt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y