SpringBoot Kafka发送消息与接收消息实例

前言

Kafka的基本工作原理

我们将消息的发布（publish）称作 producer(生产者)，将消息的订阅（subscribe）表述为 consumer（消费者），将中间的存储阵列称作 broker(代理)，这样就可以大致描绘出这样一个场面：

生产者将数据生产出来，交给 broker 进行存储，消费者需要消费数据了，就从broker中去拿出数据来，然后完成一系列对数据的处理操作。

1.引入spring-kafka的jar包

在pom.xml里面导入spring-kafka包

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBootKafka</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringBootKafka</name>
    <description>SpringBootKafka</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- pom.xml -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>kafka-streams</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>aliyun maven</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/</url>
            <layout>default</layout>
            <!-- 是否开启发布版构件下载 -->
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <!-- 是否开启快照版构件下载 -->
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.编写配置文件

在src/main/resources/application.yml里面编写kafka的配置，包括生成者和消费者

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spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: 192.168.110.105:9092
    #streams:
      #application-id: my-streams-app
    consumer:
      group-id: myGroupId
      auto-offset-reset: latest
      enable-auto-commit: true
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      retries: 5

3.编写生产者

使用org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate来发送消息，这里采用了异步方式，获取了消息的处理结果

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package com.example.springbootkafka.service;

import com.example.springbootkafka.entity.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.SendResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class KafkaProducer {

    private final KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Autowired
    public KafkaProducer(KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate, ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
        this.kafkaTemplate = kafkaTemplate;
        this.objectMapper = objectMapper;
    }

    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        log.info("KafkaProducer message:{}", message);
        //kafkaTemplate.send("test", message).addCallback();
        Future<SendResult<String, String>> future = kafkaTemplate.send("test", message);
        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            try {
                future.get(); // 等待原始future完成
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });

// 使用whenComplete方法
        completableFuture.whenComplete((result, ex) -> {
            if (ex != null) {
                System.out.println("Error occurred: " + ex.getMessage());
                // 成功发送
            } else {
                System.out.println("Completed successfully");
            }
        });

        /*future.whenComplete((result, ex) -> {
            if (ex == null) {
                // 成功发送
                RecordMetadata metadata = result.getRecordMetadata();
                System.out.println("Message sent successfully with offset: " + metadata.offset());
            } else {
                // 发送失败
                System.err.println("Failed to send message due to: " + ex.getMessage());
            }
        });*/


    }

    public void sendUser(User user) throws JsonProcessingException {
        //final ProducerRecord<String, String> record = createRecord(data);

        //ListenableFuture<SendResult<String, String>> future = kafkaTemplate.send("test", message);

        //ListenableFuture<SendResult<String, String>> future = kafkaTemplate.send("test", user);

        String userJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        ListenableFuture<SendResult<String, String>> future = kafkaTemplate.send("test", userJson);
        /*future.addCallback(
                success -> System.out.println("Message sent successfully: " + userJson),
                failure -> System.err.println("Failed to send message: " + failure.getMessage())
        );*/
        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            try {
                future.get(); // 等待原始future完成
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });
        completableFuture.whenComplete((result, ex) -> {
            if (ex != null) {
                System.out.println("Error occurred: " + ex.getMessage());
                // 成功发送
            } else {
                System.out.println("Completed successfully");
            }
        });
    }
}

4.编写消费者

通过org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener来监听消息

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package com.example.springbootkafka.service;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Slf4j
@Service
public class KafkaConsumer {


    @KafkaListener(topics = "test", groupId = "myGroupId")
    public void consume(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
        log.info("KafkaConsumer message:{}", message);
    }
}

5.测试消息的生成与发送

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package com.example.springbootkafka.controller;

import com.example.springbootkafka.entity.User;
import com.example.springbootkafka.service.KafkaProducer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class MessageController {

    private final KafkaProducer producer;

    @Autowired
    public MessageController(KafkaProducer producer) {
        this.producer = producer;
    }

    @GetMapping("/send-message")
    public String sendMessage() {
        log.info("MessageController sendMessage start!");
        producer.sendMessage("hello, Kafka!");
        log.info("MessageController sendMessage end!");
        return "Message sent successfully.";
    }

    @GetMapping("/send")
    public String sendMessage1() {
        log.info("MessageController sendMessage1 start!");
        User user = User.builder().name("xuxin").dept("IT/DevlopMent").build();
        try {
            producer.sendUser(user);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        log.info("MessageController sendMessage1 end!");
        return "Message sendMessage1 successfully.";
    }
}

6.查看结果：

详细代码见https://gitee.com/dylan_2017/springboot-kafka.git