文章目录
- 一、UCOS的基础知识
-
- [1.1 前后台系统:](#1.1 前后台系统:)
- [1.2 RTOS系统](#1.2 RTOS系统)
- [1.3 UCOS系统简介](#1.3 UCOS系统简介)
- 学习方法
- 二、ucossii移植
一、UCOS的基础知识
1.1 前后台系统:
早期嵌入式开发没有嵌入式操作系统 的概念,直接操作裸机,在裸机上写程序,比如用51单片机基本就没有操作系统的概念。通常把程序分为两部分:前台系统 和后台系统 。
简单的小系统通常是前后台系统,这样的程序包括一个死循环和若千个中断服务程序:应用程序是一个无限循环,循环中调用API函数完成所需的操作,这个大循环就叫做后台系统 。中断服务程序用于处理系统的异步事件,也就是前台系统 。前台是中断级,后台是任务级。
举例:
1.2 RTOS系统
RTOS全称为/ Real Time OS, 就是实时操作系统,强调的是:实时性 。实时操作系统又分为硬实时和软实时。硬实时 要求在规定的时间内必须完成操作,硬实时系统不允许超时(5分钟内必须干啥,不然就天崩地裂,后果严重),在软实时 里面处理过程超时的后果就没有那么严格。
在实时操作系统中,我们可以把要实现的功能划分为多个任务,每个任务负责实现其中的一部分,每个任务都是一一个很简单的程序,通常是一个死循环。
RTOS操作系统: UCOS,FreeRTOS,RTX,RT-Thread ,DJYOS 等。
RTOS操作系统的核心内容在于:实时内核。
可剥夺型内核:
RTOS的内核负责管理所有的任务,内核决定了运行哪个任务,何时停止当前任务切换到其他任务,这个是内核的多任务管理能力。多任务管理给人的感觉就好像芯片有多个CPU (播放音乐又显示画面),多任务管理实现了CPU资源的最大化利用,多任务管理有助于实现程序的模块化开发 ,能够实现复杂的实时应用。
本套视频教程讲的是RTOS中的经典代表作 : UCOS ,而UCOS的内核是可剥夺型 的,所以我们简单提一:下什么是可剥夺型内核,关于UCOS内核的详细内容我们会在后续的视频中专门]讲解的。可剥夺内核顾名思义就是可以剥夺其他任务的CPU使用权,它总是运行就绪任务中的优先级最高的那个任务。
前后台系统和RTOS系统
举例:
1.3 UCOS系统简介
UCOS是Micrium公司出品的RTOS类实时操作系统,UCOS目前有两个版本: UCOSII和UCOSIII。
UCOSIII是一个可裁剪 、可剥夺型的多任务内核,而且没有任务数限制 。UCOIl提供了实时操作系统所需的所有功能 ,包括资源管理、同步、任务通信等。
UCOSIII是用C和汇编来写的,其中绝大部分都是用C语言编写的,只有极少数的与处理器密切相关的部分代码才是用汇编写的。UCOSIII结构简洁,可读性很强!最主要的是非常适合初次接触嵌入式实时操作系统学生、嵌入式系统开发人员和爱好者学习。
学习方法
二、ucossii移植
Step1:在工程中建立存放UCOSS代码的文件夹UCOSII
UCOSII文件夹中包含CONGIF、CORE和PORT 3个子文件夹。
Step2:向CORE文件夹添加文件
Step3:向Config文件夹添加文件
往config文件夹 添加includes.h、os_cfg.h文件
includes.h:
c
/*
************************************************************************************************
主要的包含文件
文 件: INCLUDES.C ucos包含文件
作 者: Jean J. Labrosse
************************************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef __INCLUDES_H__
#define __INCLUDES_H__
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "ucos_ii.h"
#include "os_cpu.h"
#include "os_cfg.h"
#include <stm32f10x.h>
#endif
os_cfg.h:
c
/*
*********************************************************************************************************
* uC/OS-II
* The Real-Time Kernel
* uC/OS-II Configuration File for V2.8x
*
* (c) Copyright 2005-2009, Micrium, Weston, FL
* All Rights Reserved
*
*
* File : OS_CFG.H
* By : Jean J. Labrosse
* Version : V2.91
*
* LICENSING TERMS:
* ---------------
* uC/OS-II is provided in source form for FREE evaluation, for educational use or for peaceful research.
* If you plan on using uC/OS-II in a commercial product you need to contact Micri祄 to properly license
* its use in your product. We provide ALL the source code for your convenience and to help you experience
* uC/OS-II. The fact that the source is provided does NOT mean that you can use it without paying a
* licensing fee.
*********************************************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef OS_CFG_H
#define OS_CFG_H
/* ---------------------- MISCELLANEOUS ----------------------- */
#define OS_APP_HOOKS_EN 0u /* Application-defined hooks are called from the uC/OS-II hooks */
#define OS_ARG_CHK_EN 0u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) argument checking */
#define OS_CPU_HOOKS_EN 1u /* uC/OS-II hooks are found in the processor port files */
#define OS_DEBUG_EN 0u /* Enable(1) debug variables */
#define OS_EVENT_MULTI_EN 0u /* Include code for OSEventPendMulti() */
#define OS_EVENT_NAME_EN 0u /* Enable names for Sem, Mutex, Mbox and Q */
#define OS_LOWEST_PRIO 63u /* Defines the lowest priority that can be assigned ... */
/* ... MUST NEVER be higher than 254! */
#define OS_MAX_EVENTS 10u /* Max. number of event control blocks in your application */
#define OS_MAX_FLAGS 5u /* Max. number of Event Flag Groups in your application */
#define OS_MAX_MEM_PART 0u /* Max. number of memory partitions */
#define OS_MAX_QS 5u /* Max. number of queue control blocks in your application */
#define OS_MAX_TASKS 10u /* Max. number of tasks in your application, MUST be >= 2 */
#define OS_SCHED_LOCK_EN 1u /* Include code for OSSchedLock() and OSSchedUnlock() */
#define OS_TICK_STEP_EN 1u /* Enable tick stepping feature for uC/OS-View */
#define OS_TICKS_PER_SEC 200u /* Set the number of ticks in one second */
/* --------------------- TASK STACK SIZE ---------------------- */
#define OS_TASK_TMR_STK_SIZE 128u /* Timer task stack size (# of OS_STK wide entries) */
#define OS_TASK_STAT_STK_SIZE 128u /* Statistics task stack size (# of OS_STK wide entries) */
#define OS_TASK_IDLE_STK_SIZE 128u /* Idle task stack size (# of OS_STK wide entries) */
/* --------------------- TASK MANAGEMENT ---------------------- */
#define OS_TASK_CHANGE_PRIO_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskChangePrio() */
#define OS_TASK_CREATE_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskCreate() */
#define OS_TASK_CREATE_EXT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskCreateExt() */
#define OS_TASK_DEL_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskDel() */
#define OS_TASK_NAME_EN 1u /* Enable task names */
#define OS_TASK_PROFILE_EN 1u /* Include variables in OS_TCB for profiling */
#define OS_TASK_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskQuery() */
#define OS_TASK_REG_TBL_SIZE 1u /* Size of task variables array (#of INT32U entries) */
#define OS_TASK_STAT_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable(0) the statistics task */
#define OS_TASK_STAT_STK_CHK_EN 1u /* Check task stacks from statistic task */
#define OS_TASK_SUSPEND_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskSuspend() and OSTaskResume() */
#define OS_TASK_SW_HOOK_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTaskSwHook() */
/* ----------------------- EVENT FLAGS ------------------------ */
#define OS_FLAG_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for EVENT FLAGS */
#define OS_FLAG_ACCEPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSFlagAccept() */
#define OS_FLAG_DEL_EN 1u /* Include code for OSFlagDel() */
#define OS_FLAG_NAME_EN 1u /* Enable names for event flag group */
#define OS_FLAG_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSFlagQuery() */
#define OS_FLAG_WAIT_CLR_EN 1u /* Include code for Wait on Clear EVENT FLAGS */
#define OS_FLAGS_NBITS 16u /* Size in #bits of OS_FLAGS data type (8, 16 or 32) */
/* -------------------- MESSAGE MAILBOXES --------------------- */
#define OS_MBOX_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for MAILBOXES */
#define OS_MBOX_ACCEPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMboxAccept() */
#define OS_MBOX_DEL_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMboxDel() */
#define OS_MBOX_PEND_ABORT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMboxPendAbort() */
#define OS_MBOX_POST_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMboxPost() */
#define OS_MBOX_POST_OPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMboxPostOpt() */
#define OS_MBOX_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMboxQuery() */
/* --------------------- MEMORY MANAGEMENT -------------------- */
#define OS_MEM_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for MEMORY MANAGER */
#define OS_MEM_NAME_EN 1u /* Enable memory partition names */
#define OS_MEM_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMemQuery() */
/* ---------------- MUTUAL EXCLUSION SEMAPHORES --------------- */
#define OS_MUTEX_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for MUTEX */
#define OS_MUTEX_ACCEPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMutexAccept() */
#define OS_MUTEX_DEL_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMutexDel() */
#define OS_MUTEX_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSMutexQuery() */
/* ---------------------- MESSAGE QUEUES ---------------------- */
#define OS_Q_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for QUEUES */
#define OS_Q_ACCEPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQAccept() */
#define OS_Q_DEL_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQDel() */
#define OS_Q_FLUSH_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQFlush() */
#define OS_Q_PEND_ABORT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQPendAbort() */
#define OS_Q_POST_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQPost() */
#define OS_Q_POST_FRONT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQPostFront() */
#define OS_Q_POST_OPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQPostOpt() */
#define OS_Q_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSQQuery() */
/* ------------------------ SEMAPHORES ------------------------ */
#define OS_SEM_EN 1u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for SEMAPHORES */
#define OS_SEM_ACCEPT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSSemAccept() */
#define OS_SEM_DEL_EN 1u /* Include code for OSSemDel() */
#define OS_SEM_PEND_ABORT_EN 1u /* Include code for OSSemPendAbort() */
#define OS_SEM_QUERY_EN 1u /* Include code for OSSemQuery() */
#define OS_SEM_SET_EN 1u /* Include code for OSSemSet() */
/* --------------------- TIME MANAGEMENT ---------------------- */
#define OS_TIME_DLY_HMSM_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTimeDlyHMSM() */
#define OS_TIME_DLY_RESUME_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTimeDlyResume() */
#define OS_TIME_GET_SET_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTimeGet() and OSTimeSet() */
#define OS_TIME_TICK_HOOK_EN 1u /* Include code for OSTimeTickHook() */
/* --------------------- TIMER MANAGEMENT --------------------- */
#define OS_TMR_EN 0u /* Enable (1) or Disable (0) code generation for TIMERS */
#define OS_TMR_CFG_MAX 16u /* Maximum number of timers */
#define OS_TMR_CFG_NAME_EN 1u /* Determine timer names */
#define OS_TMR_CFG_WHEEL_SIZE 8u /* Size of timer wheel (#Spokes) */
#define OS_TMR_CFG_TICKS_PER_SEC 10u /* Rate at which timer management task runs (Hz) */
#endif
Step4:向port文件夹添加文件
Step5:将UCOSII源码添加到工程中
- 新建3个分组
- 往这3个分组中添加文件,
把UCOSII文件夹中子文件夹core中的代码全复制到UCOSII_CORE,然后删除ucos_ii.c
把UCOSII文件夹中子文件夹port中的代码全复制到UCOSII_PORT 添加os_cpu.h、os_cpu.c、os_cpu_a.asm 三个文件。
把UCOSII文件夹中子文件夹config中的代码全复制到UCOSII_CONIFIG,添加includes.h、os_cfg.h两个文件。
最后点击OK
去core只读属性,使core的文件可以读写。
最后添加头文件路径。
Step6:构建项目