01 从0开始搭建django环境

1 安装相关版本的django，这里，我以5.1.1为例子

python 复制代码

pip3 install django==5.1.1

python 复制代码

(.venv) D:\DjangoCode\MS>pip3 install django==5.1.1
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting django==5.1.1
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ba/aa/b423e37e9ba5480d3fd1d187e3fdbd09f9f71b991468881a45413522ccd3/Django-5.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (8.2 MB)
Collecting asgiref<4,>=3.8.1 (from django==5.1.1)
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/39/e3/893e8757be2612e6c266d9bb58ad2e3651524b5b40cf56761e985a28b13e/asgiref-3.8.1-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting sqlparse>=0.3.1 (from django==5.1.1)
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/5d/a5/b2860373aa8de1e626b2bdfdd6df4355f0565b47e51f7d0c54fe70faf8fe/sqlparse-0.5.1-py3-none-any.whl (44 kB)
Collecting tzdata (from django==5.1.1)
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a6/ab/7e5f53c3b9d14972843a647d8d7a853969a58aecc7559cb3267302c94774/tzdata-2024.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (346 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions>=4 (from asgiref<4,>=3.8.1->django==5.1.1)
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/26/9f/ad63fc0248c5379346306f8668cda6e2e2e9c95e01216d2b8ffd9ff037d0/typing_extensions-4.12.2-py3-none-any.whl (37 kB)
Installing collected packages: tzdata, typing-extensions, sqlparse, asgiref, django
Successfully installed asgiref-3.8.1 django-5.1.1 sqlparse-0.5.1 typing-extensions-4.12.2 tzdata-2024.2

2 启动项目

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django-admin startproject MS .

注意，上面必须要加个"."，效果如下：

3 配置相关环境

点击"add configuration"-->左上角"+"-->django server-->更改"Name"：MS-->点击右下角"fix" -->选择"django"-->勾选"enable django support"-->选择"root":D:\DjangoCodes\MS-->选择"settings"：MS\settings.py

4 创建app，有两种方法，一种是手撸代码，一种是点击选择。

4.1 手撸

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python manage.py startapp app01

4.2 点击选择

5 settings.py配置

5.1 数据库，因为我选择的是mysql，所以我需要进行如下配置：

5.1.1 安装pymysql:pip3 install pymysql

5.1.2 安装cryptography：pip3 install cryptography

5.1.3 在D:\DjangoCode\MS\MS__init__.py，配置数据库池子

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import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

5.1.4 安装数据池:pip3 install django-db-connection-pool

5.1.5 安装pip3 install mysqlclient

5.1.6 修改settings.py里的"DATABASES"

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DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'demo_ms',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'POOL_OPTIONS': {
        "POOL_SIZE": 10,
        "MAX_OVERFLOW": 10,
        "RECYCLE": 3600,
        "TIMEOUT": 60,
        }
    }
}

5.2 注册app，在settings.py里，找到"INSTALLED_APPS"

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    # 注册app01和app02
    "app01.apps.App01Config",
    "app02.apps.App02Config"
]

6 我们先启动看看，是否成功

7 编写测试类，看看数据库是否能正确连接

进入app01/models.py，写一个测试类

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from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class MsTestDemo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    age = models.IntegerField()

执行下面两条语句

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manage.py@MS > makemigrations
manage.py@MS > migrate

可以看到，数据库是成功连接了。

以上就是Django的大概配置。