1. Servlet
一、Servlet介绍
1、概念
Servlet(Server Applet)是Java Servlet的简称,称为小服务程序或服务连接器,用Java编写的服务器端程序,具有独立于平台和协议的特性,主要功能在于交互式地浏览和生成数据,生成动态Web内容。
2、实现过程
1.客户端发送请求至服务器端;
2.服务器将请求信息发送至 Servlet;
3.Servlet 生成响应内容并将其传给服务器。响应内容动态生成,通常取决于客户端的请求;
4.服务器将响应返回给客户端。
3、生命周期
1.客户端请求该 Servlet;
2.加载 Servlet 类到内存;
3.实例化并调用init()方法初始化该 Servlet;
4.service()(根据请求方法不同调用doGet() 或者 doPost(),此外还有doHead()、doPut()、doTrace()、doDelete()、doOptions()、destroy())。
二、Request对象(获取请求信息)
2.1获取相应消息数据
2.2 获取请求参数
java
String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值
String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
2.3请求转发
-
通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
-
使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
2.4 共享数据
void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
post乱码解决
在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
三、Response对象(设置响应消息)
3.1 设置响应消息
3.2 重定向
方法:response.sendRedirect("路径");
特点:1. 地址栏发生变化
-
重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
-
重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据
重定向与转发的区别:
forward:一般用于用户登陆的时候,根据角色转发到相应的模块。
redirect:一般用于用户注销登陆时返回主页面和跳转到其它的网站等。
四、综合案例
4.1新建项目步骤
4.2 pom.xml
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.beiyou</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>servlet</name>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<junit.version>5.8.1</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
4.3 web.xml
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.beiyou.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello-servlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.4 HelloServlet.java
java
package com.beiyou.servlet;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
//@WebServlet(name = "helloServlet", value = "/hello-servlet")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
private String message;
public void init() {
message = "Hello World!";
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//response.setContentType("text/html");
response.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html><body>");
out.println("<h1> Servlet 你好,这是您要的麻婆豆腐 </h1>");
out.println("</body></html>");
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
4.5 乱码-解决
中文乱码
解决ide控制台乱码
五、使用注解
java
@WebServlet(name = "helloServlet", value = "/hello-servlet")
1.1 使用JSP页面
1、编写a.jsp页面
javascript
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP - Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
<%= "潘周聃1写死" %>
</h1>
<hr/>
<h1>
<%
Object value = request.getAttribute("name");
out.println(value);
%>
</h1>
<hr/>
<h1>
${requestScope.name}
</h1>
<hr/>
<h1>
id: ${requestScope.user.id}
</h1>
<h1>
姓名: ${requestScope.user.name}
</h1>
</body>
</html>
request和requestScope的区别_xiangwang2016的博客-CSDN博客_requestscope
EL表达式中,param和requestScope的区别在看param和requestScope之前,不妨先了解下在java下request的情况:1. request对象通常用来接收客户端提交到服务端的数据,如:在servlet或者action中可以用request.getParameter()的方法获取获取参数内容;2. requestScope通常是在servlet或者ac...
https://blog.csdn.net/xiangwang2016/article/details/85119692
2、Servlet传递参数到jsp页面
java
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
//通过请求作用域对象HttpServletRequest接口添加共享数据
request.setAttribute("name","苍老师");//将数据写入请求作用于对象name(key名称)
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("id",1);
map.put("name","潘周聃");
request.setAttribute("user",map); //通过请求转发索要a.jsp并写入到响应体中
request.getRequestDispatcher("a.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
html
<body>
<%
Object o= request.getAttribute("name") ;
out.println(o);
%>
基本类型:${requestScope.name}
对象id:${requestScope.user.id}
对象name:${requestScope.user.name}
</body>
1.2 使用模板引擎
1.引入模板库
XML
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
2. servlet 传递集合
java
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
}
java
request.setAttribute("userLst",userLst);
request.getRequestDispatcher("template.jsp").forward(request,response);
3. 页面头加上渲染方式
XML
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
html
<h1>使用模板引擎</h1>
<table>
<c:forEach items="${requestScope.userLst}" var="user">
<tr>
<td>${user.id }</td>
<td>${user.name }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
1.3 使用Post接受表单请求
1.书写表单
html
<form method="post" action="a">
<input type="text" name="id" placeholder="请输入名 ">
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="请输入姓 ">
<input type="submit" value="提交" >
</form>
2.书写doPost
java
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//处理表单数据
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String id = req.getParameter("id");
String name = req.getParameter("name");
//构造一个响应页
resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//一旦调用getWriter方法,此时header的内容就不能更改
Writer writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.write("<html>");
writer.write("id: "+id);
writer.write("<br/>");
writer.write("name: "+name);
writer.write("</html>");
}
3.Post传输Json数据
3.1 引入fastjson包
XML
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.28</version>
</dependency>
3.2 form表单提交
url:http://localhost:8080/demo/bBody:{"id":5,"name":"zhouxingxing"}
3.3 书写doPost方法
java
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//读取request body 数据
ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String jsonStr = "";
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
jsonStr += line;
}
// 转成对象
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
JSONObject jsonObject2 = new JSONObject();
//正常成功时候返回的格式
jsonObject2.put("code",0);
jsonObject2.put("data",jsonObject);
jsonObject2.put("message","请求成功");
//失败的时候返回的格式
// jsonObject2.put("code",1);
// jsonObject2.put("data",null);
// jsonObject2.put("message","连接数据库失败");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("application/json");
response.getWriter().write(String.valueOf(jsonObject2));
// PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
// writer.println("<html>");
// writer.println("<body>");
// writer.println("id -> "+jsonObject.getString("id"));
// writer.println("<br/>");
// writer.println("name -> "+jsonObject.getString("name"));
// writer.println("</body>");
// writer.println("</html>");
}
成功:
失败: