tr
##把输出的信息中的小写换成大写
root@localhost tmp\]# last \| tr '\[a-z\]' '\[A-Z\]' ROOT PTS/0 :0 MON DEC 29 08:09 STILL LOGGED IN ROOT :0 :0 MON DEC 29 08:08 STILL LOGGED IN (UNKNOWN :0 :0 MON DEC 29 06:48 - 08:08 (01:20) REBOOT SYSTEM BOOT 3.10.0-123.EL7.X MON DEC 29 14:47 - 08:21 (-6:-25) ROOT PTS/0 :1 THU DEC 25 07:52 - 09:20 (01:28) ROOT :1 :1 THU DEC 25 06:58 - 09:21 (02:22) (UNKNOWN :1 :1 THU DEC 25 06:58 - 06: ##把输出的信息中的冒号（:）删除 \[root@localhost tmp\]# last \| tr -d ':' root pts/0 0 Mon Dec 29 0809 still logged in root 0 0 Mon Dec 29 0808 still logged in (unknown 0 0 Mon Dec 29 0648 - 0808 (0120) reboot system boot 3.10.0-123.el7.x Mon Dec 29 1447 - 0823 (-6-24) root pts/0 1 Thu Dec 25 0752 - 0920 (0128) root 1 1 Thu Dec 25 0658 - 0921 (0222) ##复制文件并转换其编码 \[root@localhost tmp\]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd \&\& \\ > unix2dos /tmp/passwd ##查看文件的编码 \[root@localhost tmp\]# file /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd /etc/passwd: ASCII text /tmp/passwd: ASCII text \[root@localhost tmp\]# \[root@localhost tmp\]# cat /tmp/passwd \|tr -d '\\r' \> /tmp/passwd.linux\[root@localhost tmp\]# ls -l /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd\* -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2824 Dec 25 08:33 /etc/passwd -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2824 Dec 29 08:25 /tmp/passwd -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2824 Dec 29 08:31 /tmp/passwd.linux \[root@localhost tmp\]# col ##显示文件中的特殊字符 \[root@localhost tmp\]# cat-A /tmp/passwd bash: cat-A: command not found... \[root@localhost tmp\]# cat -A /tmp/passwd root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash$ bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin$ daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin$ adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin$ lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin$ ##把输入的文件结果中的\^I\[tab\]转成空白并输出 \[root@localhost tmp\]# cat /etc/man_db.conf \|col -x\|cat -A\|more #$ #$ ## This file is used by the man-db package to configure the man and cat p aths.$ ## It is also used to provide a manpath for those without one by examinin g$ ## their PATH environment variable. For details see the manpath(5) man pa ge.$ #$ ## Lines beginning with \`#' are comments and are ignored. Any combination of$ ##把man page 转换为 /root/col.man 纯文本文档 \[root@localhost tmp\]# man col \> /tmp/col.man \[root@localhost tmp\]# vi /tmp/col.man \[root@localhost tmp\]# join 处理两个文件之间的数据 ##把/etc/passwd /etc/shadow相关数据整合成一栏 \[root@localhost tmp\]# head -n 3 /etc/passwd /etc/shadow ==\> /etc/passwd root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin ==\> /etc/shadow root: 6 6 6zoMJbbV16.vhU23Q$NsUMn8D8d6IaAsE5BNywpVZbS5ZvVkV11l7WhHZt8X82DZpsRu6o48pIpFcssK1wSCF6Sb4hYdp/lJSF5kGBh.:16412:0:99999:7::: bin:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: daemon:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: \[root@localhost tmp\]# ##两份文档第一个字段相同者整合成一行 \[root@localhost tmp\]# join -t ':' /etc/passwd /etc/shadow root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash: 6 6 6zoMJbbV16.vhU23Q$NsUMn8D8d6IaAsE5BNywpVZbS5ZvVkV11l7WhHZt8X82DZpsRu6o48pIpFcssK1wSCF6Sb4hYdp/lJSF5kGBh.:16412:0:99999:7::: bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: *** ** * ** *** \[root@localhost tmp\]# head -n 3 /etc/passwd /etc/group ==\> /etc/passwd root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin ==\> /etc/group root❌0: bin❌1: daemon❌2: \[root@localhost tmp\]# \[root@localhost tmp\]# join -t ':' -1 4 /etc/passwd -2 3 /etc/group 0:root❌0:root:/root:/bin/bash:root❌ 1:bin❌1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin:bin❌ 2:daemon❌2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin:daemon❌ 4:adm❌3:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin:adm❌ join: /etc/passwd:6: is not sorted: sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync 7:lp❌4:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin:lp❌ join: /etc/group:11: is not sorted: wheel❌10: 99:nobody❌99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin:nobody❌ 81:dbus❌81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin:dbus❌ 999:polkitd❌999:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin:polkitd❌ \[root@localhost tmp\]# paste 把两份文档相关的数据 写在一起并用\[tab\]隔开 \[root@localhost tmp\]# paste /etc/passwd /etc/shadow\|head -n 3 root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash root: 6 6 6zoMJbbV16.vhU23Q$NsUMn8D8d6IaAsE5BNywpVZbS5ZvVkV11l7WhHZt8X82DZpsRu6o48pIpFcssK1wSCF6Sb4hYdp/lJSF5kGBh.:16412:0:99999:7::: bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin bin:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin daemon:\*:16231:0:99999:7::: \[root@localhost tmp\]# expand 把tab转换成空格 \[root@localhost tmp\]# grep 'jimi' passwd \| head -n 3 jimistephen❌1000:1000:jimistephen:/home/jimistephen:/bin/bash jimi❌1001:1001:www.jimi.com:/home/jimi:/bin/bash \[root@localhost tmp\]# ##一个tab换成 6个空格 \[root@localhost tmp\]# grep 'jimi' passwd \|head -n 3\| expand -t 6 -\| \\ > cat -A jimistephen❌1000:1000:jimistephen:/home/jimistephen:/bin/bash$ jimi❌1001:1001:www.jimi.com:/home/jimi:/bin/bash$ \[root@localhost tmp\]# split 分割文档 ##每10条记录记录成一个文件 \[root@localhost tmp\]# ls -al /\| split -l 10 - lsroot \[root@localhost tmp\]# wc -l lsroot\* 10 lsrootaa 10 lsrootab 4 lsrootac 24 total \[root@localhost tmp\]# xargs 参数的切换