为什么要做高可用
在生产环境中,kubernetes 集群中会多多个 master 节点,每个 master 节点上都会部署 kube-apiserver 服务,实现高可用。但是 client 访问 kube-apiserver 时,需要指定 ip 或者域名,这样会出现单点故障。官方推荐的做法是使用一个负载均衡器,将多个 kube-apiserver 服务负载均衡,实现高可用,但很多时候我们是没有这个条件的。这时候就得想想办法了,比如 nignx 转发,但是 nginx 也是单点。域名的方式,但是这种方式生效时间较长,不太适合紧急情况。所以这里介绍一种使用 keepalived + haproxy 的方式实现 kube-apiserver 的高可用。这是一共公用 IP 的方式,当主节点宕机时,VIP 会自动切换到备节点,实现高可用。
环境准备
- master1: 192.168.31.203
- master2: 192.168.31.34
- master3: 192.168.31.46
- worker1: 192.168.31.25
- VIP (虚拟IP): 192.168.31.230
安装
bash
sudo apt install keepalived haproxy
systemctl enable haproxy
systemctl restart haproxy
systemctl enable keepalived
# 没有配置会出现错误 不用管
systemctl restart keepalived
配置 keepalived
配置文件
编辑 keepalived 配置文件
编辑 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
master1:
conf
# 健康检查 查看 haproxy 的进程在不在
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2 # 多少秒教程一次
weight 3 # 成功了优先级加多少
}
vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
state MASTER # MASTER / BACKUP 1 MASTER 2 BACKUP
priority 100 # 优先级 强的机器高一些 三台master 分别 100 99 98
interface enp0s3 # 网卡名称
virtual_router_id 51 # 路由 ip 默认就好
advert_int 1 # keepalived 之间广播频率 秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass test_k8s
}
unicast_src_ip 192.168.31.203 # 自己和其他 keepalived 通信地址
unicast_peer {
192.168.31.34 # master2 的 IP 地址
192.168.31.46 # master3 的 IP 地址
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.230 # 这里必须和其他所有的ip 在一个局域网下
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
master2:
conf
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2
weight 3
}
vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
state BACKUP
priority 99
interface enp0s3
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass test_k8s
}
unicast_src_ip 192.168.31.34
unicast_peer {
192.168.31.203
192.168.31.46
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.230
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
master3:
conf
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2
weight 3
}
vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
state BACKUP
priority 98
interface enp0s3
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass test_k8s
}
unicast_src_ip 192.168.31.46
unicast_peer {
192.168.31.203
192.168.31.34
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.230
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
测试
重启所有几点的 keepalived , 虚拟 ip 会在节点 master 上,因为他的优先级高。
bash
# master 1
ip a show enp0s3
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:ca:59:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.203/24 metric 100 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
valid_lft 41983sec preferred_lft 41983sec
inet 192.168.31.230/32 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feca:5986/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
现在我们关掉 master1 的 haproxy 或者 keepalived
bash
systemctl stop haproxy
# 再查看网络信息 发现虚拟ip 没了
ip a show enp0s3
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:ca:59:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.203/24 metric 100 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
valid_lft 41925sec preferred_lft 41925sec
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feca:5986/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 在优先级第二高的 master IP 上看下网络
ip a show enp0s3
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:11:af:4f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.34/24 metric 100 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
valid_lft 41857sec preferred_lft 41857sec
inet 192.168.31.230/32 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe11:af4f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 启动 master1 的 haproxy ip就会回来
配置 haproxy
把 16443 端口的请求转发到 6443 端口 (3 master 的 kube-apiserver 对外端口)
/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
conf
global
log /dev/log local0 warning
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
defaults
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
timeout connect 5000
timeout client 50000
timeout server 50000
frontend kube-apiserver
bind *:16443
mode tcp
option tcplog
default_backend kube-apiserver
backend kube-apiserver
mode tcp
option tcp-check
balance roundrobin
default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
server kube-apiserver-1 192.168.31.203:6443 check
server kube-apiserver-2 192.168.31.34:6443 check
server kube-apiserver-3 192.168.31.46:6443 check
安装 kubernetes 集群
master1
bash
kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --control-plane-endpoint=192.168.31.230:16443 --v=10
master2 和 master3 加入集群
bash
kubeadm join 192.168.31.230:16443 --token rxblci.ddh60vl370wjgtn7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d712016d5b8ba4ae5c4a1bda8b6ab1944c13a04757d2c488dd0aefcfd1af0157 --certificate-key c398d693c6ce9b664634c9b670f013da3010580c00bd444caf7d0a5a81e803f5 --control-plane --v=10
worker 加入集群
bash
kubeadm join 192.168.31.230:16443 --token rxblci.ddh60vl370wjgtn7 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d712016d5b8ba4ae5c4a1bda8b6ab1944c13a04757d2c488dd0aefcfd1af0157
查看集群状态
bash
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 Ready control-plane 21m v1.28.2
master2 Ready control-plane 3m46s v1.28.12
master3 Ready control-plane 2m12s v1.28.12
worker1 Ready <none> 5s v1.28.2
测试
bash
# 关闭 master1 的 kubelet 和 apiserver
systemctl stop kubelet
sudo kill -9 $(pgrep kube-apiserver)
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady control-plane 25m v1.28.2
master2 Ready control-plane 7m40s v1.28.12
master3 Ready control-plane 6m6s v1.28.12
worker1 Ready <none> 3m59s v1.28.2
# 关闭 master1 的 haproxy
systemctl stop haproxy
root@master1:/home/zhy# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady control-plane 26m v1.28.2
master2 Ready control-plane 9m12s v1.28.12
master3 Ready control-plane 7m38s v1.28.12
worker1 Ready <none> 5m31s v1.28.2
# 关闭 master2 的 keepalived
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady control-plane 28m v1.28.2
master2 Ready control-plane 10m v1.28.12
master3 Ready control-plane 9m12s v1.28.12
worker1 Ready <none> 7m5s v1.28.2
# 可以看到 虚拟ip 跑到了 master3 上
ip a show enp0s3
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:f1:b5:ae brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.46/24 metric 100 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
valid_lft 41021sec preferred_lft 41021sec
inet 192.168.31.230/32 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fef1:b5ae/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever