VSCode编辑+GCC for ARM交叉编译工具链+CMake构建+OpenOCD调试（基于STM32的标准库/HAL库）

奇文怪式2024-12-18 9:44

本文以【STM32F103ZET6】单片机作为示例来进行演示，标准库/HAL库的工程是通用的，修改CMakeLists.txt里面的源文件和头文件引用部分即可。

更多细节请参考【VSCode编辑+GCC for ARM交叉编译工具链+Makefile构建+OpenOCD调试（基于STM32的标准库）】

下面列出几个主要的配置文件：

settings.json：

json 复制代码 
{
    // 字符集编码选择
    "files.encoding": "utf8",
    // 自动保存任意文件
    "files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
    // 开启 material icons
    "workbench.iconTheme": "office-material-icon-theme",
    // theme主题设置
    "workbench.colorTheme": "Default Dark Modern",
    //粘贴时格式化代码
    "editor.formatOnPaste": true,
    //保存时格式化代码
    "editor.formatOnSave": true,
    //设置字体的大小，最小值能设置为6
    "editor.fontSize": 15,
    //设置字体的粗细
    "editor.fontWeight": "500",
    //设置字体的样式
    // "terminal.integrated.fontFamily":"Courier New",
    //使用Ctrl+滚轮缩放编辑区的字体大小
    "editor.mouseWheelZoom": true,
    //使用Ctrl+滚轮缩放终端Terminal的字体大小
    "terminal.integrated.mouseWheelZoom": true,
    //设置为false，这样打开新的文件时，不会自动关闭旧的文件
    "workbench.editor.enablePreview": false,
    
    "security.workspace.trust.enabled": false,
    "VsCodeTaskButtons.showCounter": true,
    "VsCodeTaskButtons.tasks": [
        {
            "label": "$(tools) Build", // 显示标签
            "task": "CMake build", // 对应tasks.json里的任务label
            "tooltip": "🛠️ build" // 工具提示框
        },
        {
            "label": "$(notebook-delete-cell) Clean",
            "task": "CMake clean",
            "tooltip": "🧹 clean"
        },
        {
            "label": "$(notebook-delete-cell) $(tools) Re-bulid", //"$(notebook-delete-cell) & $(tools)",
            "task": "CMake cleanRebuild",
            "tooltip": "🛠️ rebuild" // "🧹 & 🛠️ rebuild"
        },
        {
            "label": "$(zap) Download",
            // "task": "CMake download",
            "tasks": [
                {
                    "label": "⚓ CMSIS-DAP-Link", //icon copied from https://emojipedia.org/
                    "task": "flash with CMSIS-DAP-Link"
                },
                {
                    "label": "⤵️ ST-Link", //icon copied from https://emojipedia.org/
                    "task": "flash with ST-Link"
                },
                {
                    "label": "🚀 J-Link", //icon copied from https://emojipedia.org/
                    "task": "flash with J-Link"
                }
            ],
            "tooltip": "⚡ download"
        }
    ],
    // "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "Git Bash",
    "C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "gnu++17",
    "C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "gcc-arm",
    "C_Cpp.default.cStandard": "gnu17",
    "C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "E:/embedded_dev_tools/xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-13.3.1-1.1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe"
}

c_cpp_properties.json：

json 复制代码 
{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "ARM-GCC",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "E:/embedded_dev_tools/xpack-arm-none-eabi-gcc-13.3.1-1.1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe",
            "cStandard": "gnu17",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-arm",
            "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

tasks.json：

json 复制代码 
{
    //快捷键ctrl+shift+B调出各个task命令
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cmake",
            "label": "CMake build",
            "command": "build",
            "targets": [
                "${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "cmake",
            "label": "CMake cleanRebuild",
            "command": "cleanRebuild",
            "targets": [
                "${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "cmake",
            "label": "CMake clean",
            "command": "clean",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "flash with CMSIS-DAP-Link",
            "command": "openocd",
            "args": [
                "-f",
                "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg",
                "-f",
                "target/stm32f1x.cfg",
                "-c",
                "program build/${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf verify reset exit"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": "build"
        },
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "flash with ST-Link",
            "command": "openocd",
            "args": [
                "-f",
                "interface/stlink.cfg",
                "-f",
                "target/stm32f1x.cfg",
                "-c",
                "program build/${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf verify reset exit"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": "build"
        },
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "flash with J-Link",
            "command": "openocd",
            "args": [
                "-f",
                "interface/jlink-swd.cfg",
                "-f",
                "target/stm32f1x.cfg",
                "-c",
                "program build/${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf verify reset exit"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": "build"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

launch.json：

json 复制代码 
{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Debug with CMSIS-DAP-Link",
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "executable": "./build/${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf",
            "request": "launch",
            "type": "cortex-debug",
            "servertype": "openocd",
            "device": "STM32F103VET6",
            // "openOCDLaunchCommands": [
            //     "adapter speed 10000"
            // ],
            "configFiles": [
                "interface/cmsis-dap.cfg", // D:/Software/arm_riscv_develop_tools/openocd/openocd/scripts/interface
                "target/stm32f1x.cfg" // D:/Software/arm_riscv_develop_tools/openocd/openocd/scripts/target
            ],
            "svdFile": "./STM32F103.svd", //选择寄存器文件
            "liveWatch": {
                "enabled": true,
                "samplesPerSecond": 4
            },
            "searchDir": [],
            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
            "showDevDebugOutput": "none",
            "preLaunchTask": "flash with CMSIS-DAP-Link"
        },
        {
            "name": "Debug with ST-Link",
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "executable": "./build/${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf",
            "request": "launch",
            "type": "cortex-debug",
            "servertype": "openocd",
            "device": "STM32F103VET6",
            // "openOCDLaunchCommands": [
            //     "adapter speed 10000"
            // ],
            "configFiles": [
                "interface/stlink.cfg", // D:/Software/arm_riscv_develop_tools/openocd/openocd/scripts/interface
                "target/stm32f1x.cfg" // D:/Software/arm_riscv_develop_tools/openocd/openocd/scripts/target
            ],
            "svdFile": "./STM32F103.svd", //选择寄存器文件
            "liveWatch": {
                "enabled": true,
                "samplesPerSecond": 4
            },
            "searchDir": [],
            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
            "showDevDebugOutput": "none",
            "preLaunchTask": "flash with ST-Link"
        },
        {
            "name": "Debug with J-Link",
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "executable": "./build/${workspaceRootFolderName}.elf",
            "request": "launch",
            "type": "cortex-debug",
            "servertype": "openocd",
            "device": "STM32F103VET6",
            // "openOCDLaunchCommands": [
            //     "adapter speed 10000"
            // ],
            "configFiles": [
                "interface/jlink-swd.cfg", // D:/Software/arm_riscv_develop_tools/openocd/openocd/scripts/interface
                "target/stm32f1x.cfg" // D:/Software/arm_riscv_develop_tools/openocd/openocd/scripts/target
            ],
            "svdFile": "./STM32F103.svd", //选择寄存器文件
            "liveWatch": {
                "enabled": true,
                "samplesPerSecond": 4
            },
            "searchDir": [],
            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
            "showDevDebugOutput": "none",
            "preLaunchTask": "flash with J-Link"
        }
    ]
}

CMakeLists.txt：

bash 复制代码 
#THIS FILE IS AUTO GENERATED FROM THE TEMPLATE! DO NOT CHANGE!
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
# cmake最低版本需求
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)

# specify cross compilers and tools
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-g++)
set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
set(CMAKE_AR arm-none-eabi-ar)
set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY arm-none-eabi-objcopy)
set(CMAKE_OBJDUMP arm-none-eabi-objdump)
set(SIZE arm-none-eabi-size)
# 链接的类型设置为STATIC, 以便嵌入式ARM-GNU通过CMake的"编译器检查"
set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)

# project settings
# .HEX  .bin  .elf的文件名设置
project(Led_Toggle  C CXX ASM)
# C/C++语言标准版本配置
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 17)

#Uncomment for hardware floating point
#add_compile_definitions(ARM_MATH_CM4;ARM_MATH_MATRIX_CHECK;ARM_MATH_ROUNDING)
#add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
#add_link_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)

#Uncomment for software floating point
#add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=soft)

#编译选项定义
# -mcpu=cortex-m3 告诉编译器为 ARM Cortex-M3 处理器生成代码
# -mthumb 启用 Thumb 指令集，Thumb 指令集是一种 16 位指令集
# -march=armv7-m 指定目标架构，ARMv7-M 是 Cortex-M3 处理器使用的架构
set(MCU_FLAGS -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -mthumb-interwork)    #   编译选项定义修改处
#使用-Wall可开启所有警告；通过-Werror将所有警告视为error
#-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections将函数和数据放在单独的节中，这在链接阶段非常有用，因为链接器可以删除未使用的函数，从而减小最终可执行文件的大小
#开启-fmessage-length=0会让编译器展示所有的消息而不会限制错误和警告输出的长度
set(OPTIMIZE_COMPILE_FLAGS -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fmessage-length=0)
# set(MCU_FLAGS "-mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16")
add_compile_options(${MCU_FLAGS})
add_compile_options(${OPTIMIZE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
# add_compile_options(-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fmessage-length=0)

# uncomment to mitigate c++17 absolute addresses warnings
#set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-register")
# /*
# 编译等级选项：优化等级
# -O0：无任何优化，关闭所有优化选项
# -O、-O1：1级优化,
# -O2: 2级优化,
# -Os: 2.5级优化,-Os启用所有通常不会增加代码大小的-O2优化。 它还执行旨在减少代码大小的进一步优化。
# -O3: 最高级优化。
# -Og：优化调试体验。 -Og启用不会干扰调试的优化。 它是标准编辑 - 编译 - 调试周期可以选择的优化级别，提供合理的优化级别，同时保持快速编译和良好的调试体验。
# -Ofast：无视严格的标准合规性。 -Ofast启用所有-O3优化。 它还打开并非对所有符合标准的程序有效的优化。
# */

# Release 进行优化，提高速度 -排除调试信息
if ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "Release")
    message(VERBOSE "Maximum optimization for speed")
    add_compile_options(-Ofast)
# RelWithDebInfo 进行优化，提高速度 -包含调试信息
elseif ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "RelWithDebInfo")
    message(VERBOSE "Maximum optimization for speed, debug info included")
    add_compile_options(-Ofast -g)
# MinSizeRel 优化二进制大小 -排除调试信息
elseif ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "MinSizeRel")
    message(VERBOSE "Maximum optimization for size")
    add_compile_options(-Os)
# Debug 禁用优化 -包含调试信息
else ()
    message(VERBOSE "Minimal optimization, debug info included")
    add_compile_options(-O0 -g)
endif ()

#添加C文件编译宏定义
add_definitions(-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER
                -D__MICROLIB 
                -DSTM32F103xE 
                -DUSE_STDPERIPH_DRIVER 
                -DSTM32F10X_HD)
# add_definitions(-DUSE_STDPERIPH_DRIVER -DSTM32F10X_HD)

#添加头文件路径，即.h文件
include_directories(./STM32F10x_FWLib/inc
                    ./SYSTEM/delay 
                    ./SYSTEM/sys 
                    ./SYSTEM/usart 
                    ./HARDWARE/inc 
                    ./USER/inc 
                    ./CORE/inc
                    ./CMSIS/inc)

#添加汇编启动文件路径，startup文件是STM32CubeMX生成的(需要gcc版本，不要使用MDK版本)
ENABLE_LANGUAGE(ASM) #为了让cmake识别启动文件
set(SRC_STARTUP "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/startup_s/startup_stm32f103xe.s")

#添加源文件路径,即.c文件
#file语法,前一个参数是固定的GLOB_RECURSE, 后面一个参数自行定义
file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES ./STM32F10x_FWLib/src/*.c 
                          ./USER/src/*.c 
                          ./CMSIS/src/*.c
                          ./CORE/src/*.c 
                          ./SYSTEM/delay/*.c 
                          ./SYSTEM/sys/*.c 
                          ./SYSTEM/usart/*.c 
                          ./HARDWARE/src/*.c)

#添加.ld链接脚本路径
set(LINKER_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/link_script/STM32F103VETx_FLASH.ld")
#-specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs选择链接精简C库，而非标准C库
#-u _printf_float支持浮点数打印
#-cref则生成交叉引用表方便查找未定义的符号引用（比如编译时出现的undefined reference）
#--print-memory-usage选项提供链接器文件中定义的每个内存区域使用的内存的详细信息
set(OPTIMIZE_LINK_FLAGS -Wl,--no-warn-rwx-segments -flto -specs=nano.specs -specs=nosys.specs -u _printf_float) # -u _scanf_float
set(MAP_FLAGS -Wl,--cref,--print-memory-usage,-Map=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.map)
#链接选项配置
add_link_options(${MCU_FLAGS})
add_link_options(-T ${LINKER_SCRIPT})
# add_link_options(-Wl,--no-warn-rwx-segments,--print-memory-usage,-Map=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.map)
# add_link_options(-specs=nano.specs -specs=nosys.specs -u _printf_float)   # -u _scanf_float
add_link_options(${OPTIMIZE_LINK_FLAGS})  
add_link_options(${MAP_FLAGS})


#根据源文件、汇编启动文件、链接脚本 生成 .elf可执行文件
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}.elf ${SRC_STARTUP} ${SOURCES} ${LINKER_SCRIPT})

set(ELF_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.elf)
set(HEX_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.hex)
set(BIN_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.bin)

add_custom_command(TARGET "${PROJECT_NAME}.elf" POST_BUILD
        COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Oihex $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${HEX_FILE}
        COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Obinary $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${BIN_FILE}
        COMMENT "Building ${HEX_FILE}
Building ${BIN_FILE}")

细节注意：如果读者将上述的CMakeLists.txt文件移植到自己的标准库/HAL库工程后，需要重新配置CMake相关的本地嵌入式工具链，否则会报错。参考方法的截图如下，

相关推荐
小卡拉米本米11 分钟前
VSCode常见报错：unins000.exe
vscode
jmlinux2 小时前
STM32 HAL库 + LM2904运算放大器 + ADC + 4-20ma液位传感器：电路设计及代码实现
stm32·单片机·嵌入式硬件
嵌入式小强工作室2 小时前
STM32内部flash分区
stm32·单片机·嵌入式硬件
无为扫地僧2 小时前
五、windows上vscode构建c/c++环境
c++·vscode·c
m0_370565223 小时前
stm32 rtc 详解
stm32·单片机·实时音视频
小帆的帆4 小时前
vscode设置终端代理
ide·vscode·编辑器
驯龙高手_追风4 小时前
QT5.9.9+ARM开发环境搭建【详细步骤】
arm开发·qt
qq_459730034 小时前
1-15 GD32ARM存储器
c语言·arm开发·单片机
1101 11015 小时前
STM32-笔记1-点亮led灯
笔记·stm32·嵌入式硬件
热门推荐
01(欧拉)openEuler系统添加网卡文件配置流程、(欧拉)openEuler系统手动配置ipv6地址流程、(欧拉)openEuler系统网络管理说明02HCIA-datacom数通题库和录播视频资料03玄机平台应急响应—webshell查杀04创造自己的宠物医院预约服务小程序，步骤详解05量化方法怎么选？如何评估量化后的大模型LLM？06PyTorch机器学习实现液态神经网络07优化手机性能，解决卡顿问题：关闭这3个微信开关，释放内存空间08【凡人修仙传_01】散修厉飞羽是如何出师未捷身先死的！09Docker 夺命连环 15 问10excel隔行取数求和/均值