4.银河麒麟V10(ARM) 离线安装 MySQL

1. 系统版本

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u ~]# nkvers
############## Kylin Linux Version #################
Release:
Kylin Linux Advanced Server release V10 (Lance)

Kernel:
4.19.90-52.39.v2207.ky10.aarch64

Build:
Kylin Linux Advanced Server
release V10 (SP3) /(Lance)-aarch64-Build23/20230324
#################################################
[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u ~]#

2. MySQL 8.0.40版本下载

直接官网下载：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

选择版本：

下载不了请移步到百度网盘

通过网盘分享的文件：mysql-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm-bundle.tar

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1etUFFGVO_8VLc7o58W3cOw?pwd=uwsf 提取码: uwsf

el8表示的是如CentOS 8，非麒麟版本的基本上都是el7版本，请核实你的版本在进行下载

3. 安装MySQL

3.1. 删除原有的mariadb

先查看一下是否已经安装了

rpm -qa | grep mysql
rpm -qa | grep mariadbrpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
rpm -e mariadb-server --nodeps
yum -y remove mysql*
yum -y remove mariadb*

删除mariadb，命令：

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

rpm -e mariadb-server --nodeps

3.2. 解压缩mysql离线安装包

root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app\]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm-bundle.ta 逐个安装，命令如下： 必须安装 ```plain [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm ``` 查看`mysql` ```plain [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -qa |grep mysql mysql-community-libs-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 mysql-community-server-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 mysql-community-devel-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 mysql-community-client-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 mysql-community-common-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64 [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# ``` ### 3.3. 初始化mysql服务 修改配置文件建议使用去除注释精简版本配置 vim /etc/my.cnf #### 3.3.1. 去除注释精简版本 ```plain [mysqld] innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G sort_buffer_size = 512M read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M thread_cache_size = 64 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid bind-address=0.0.0.0 lower-case-table-names=1 ``` #### 3.3.2. 注释版本 ```plain # 有关如何更改设置的建议，请参阅 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # 设置读取缓存大小 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G #调整排序缓存大小 sort_buffer_size = 512M #临时表缓存大小 read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M #线程缓存大小 thread_cache_size = 64 # # 删除前导 # 并设置为最重要数据的 RAM 量 # 在MySQL中缓存。从专用服务器总 RAM 的 70% 开始，否则为 10%。 # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # 删除前导"#"以禁用二进制日志记录 # 二进制日志记录捕获备份之间的更改，并通过以下方式启用 # 违约。它的默认设置为 log_bin=binlog # disable_log_bin # # 删除前导 # 以设置主要用于报表服务器的选项。 # 对于事务和快速的 SELECT，服务器默认值更快。 # 根据需要调整大小，进行实验以找到最佳值。 # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M # # 删除前导 # 以恢复为default_authentication_plugin的先前值, # 这将增加与旧客户端的兼容性。有关背景信息，请参阅： # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin # default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid # 打开跳过权限检查，以方便修改密码 # skip-grant-tables # 开启远程访问连接 bind-address=0.0.0.0 lower-case-table-names=1 ``` ### 3.4. 授权 chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf ### 3.5. 查看服务状态 命令：systemctl status mysqld ```plain [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# ``` ### 3.6. 启动服务 接下来要启动`MySQL`，通过执行以下命令启动： systemctl start mysqld 或者使用一下方式启动 su -s /bin/bash mysql -c "/usr/sbin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf" 在此我使用 `systemctl start mysqld` 方式启动，原因是命令行简单 启动过程并不会返回任何信息即为成功。 再次查询状态 ```plain [root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-12-25 14:45:34 CST; 1min 10s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 167040 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 167133 (mysqld) Status: "Server is operational" Tasks: 40 Memory: 926.8M CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─167133 /usr/sbin/mysqld 12月 25 14:45:22 ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... 12月 25 14:45:34 ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server ``` 激活状态`Active`显示为`active`，则表示启动成功。 ## 4. 配置MySQL `MySQL`安装完成后需要对`MySQL`做基础配置，包括首次登录修改用户密码、数据文件位置调整、`redo log`大小与数量调整、`undo` 表空间调整、`ibdata`表空间调整、`binlog+errorlog+slowlog+pid+socket`等文件调整、性能参数调整，这些调整都可以通过修改`my.cnf`参数文件实现。 在`MySQL`安装完成第一次启动`MySQL`服务后，会自动为`MySQL`的`root`用户生成一个随机初始化密码，并在`MySQL`的`errorlog`文件中记录下来，我们要找到它并用它登录`MySQL`，修改`root`用户密码后才能执行任何其它操作： * 找到初始化密码 ```plain [root@localhost MYSQL安装包]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-07-31T06:52:18.907755Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #SL7tAyY5ih) ``` ### 4.1. SL7tAyY5ih)即为初始化密码，注意是冒号后面的所有字符都是密码 * 使用上面的初始化密码登录MySQL \[root@localhost MYSQL安装包\]# mysql -uroot -p * 修改root密码 使用初始化密码登录`MySQL`后只能执行修改密码的操作，其他任何操作都是不可能的，使用以下命令修改密码： 登录不了怎么办别急，早知道你输入不对密码，请先执行修改密码再进行登录，跳过此章节直接修改密码 ```plain mysql> alter user user() identified by 'LaoGeDB123!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) ``` 密码修改成功后，执行以下命令查看`MySQL`基本信息： ```plain mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 8.1.0 for Linux on aarch64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.1.0 Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8mb4 Db characterset: utf8mb4 Client characterset: utf8mb4 Conn. characterset: utf8mb4 UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Binary data as: Hexadecimal Uptime: 25 min 43 sec Threads: 2 Questions: 10 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 130 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 46 Queries per second avg: 0.006 -------------- ``` ## 5. 修改密码 vim /etc/my.cnf 追加：skip-grant-tables 追加后如下：记得保存wq ```plain [mysqld] innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G sort_buffer_size = 512M read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M thread_cache_size = 64 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid bind-address=0.0.0.0 lower-case-table-names=1 #追加的内容 skip-grant-tables ``` 重启服务：systemctl restart mysqld.service mysql -u root -p //回车不需要密码 登录成功后执行如下注意查看plugin 是caching_sha2_password 跟别的mysql不一样别的是mysql_native_password 查看当前权限 ```plain mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select host,user,plugin from user; +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ | host | user | plugin | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ | localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | root | caching_sha2_password | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` 授权远程访问 ```plain mysql> update user set host="%" where user='root'; mysql> select host,user,plugin from user; +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ | host | user | plugin | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ | % | root | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | | localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) ``` **你的密码**：我设置为Aa123456,根据你实际的情况设置 注意： mysql_native_password，mysql8.x版本必须使用这种模式，否则navicate无法正确连接 ```plain use mysql; ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY '你的密码'; ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的密码'; flush privileges; 或者使用这个方式 update user set authentication_string=password("Aa123456"),plugin='caching_sha2_password' where user='root'; ``` 将/etc/my.cnf 中的 skip-grant-tables 增加注释，重启 mysqld 服务； 如果报错ERROR 1396，请看下面 ```plain mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'Aa123456'; ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'%' mysql> update user set authentication_string='' where user='root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'Aa123456'; mysql> flush privileges; ``` ## 6. 常用服务器命令 启动mysql服务： ```plain systemctl start mysqld.service ``` 停止mysql服务 ```plain systemctl stop mysqld.service ``` 重启mysql服务 ```plain systemctl restart mysqld.service ``` 查看mysql服务当前状态 ```plain systemctl status mysqld.service ``` 设置mysql服务开机自启动 ```plain systemctl enable mysqld.service ``` 停止mysql服务开机自启动 ```plain systemctl disable mysqld.service ``` ## 7.其他版本安装 [参考我以前的Linux彻底卸载删除Mysql和安装mysql及docker安装和配置](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43102784/article/details/122696078)