4.银河麒麟V10(ARM) 离线安装 MySQL

1. 系统版本

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u ~]# nkvers
############## Kylin Linux Version #################
Release:
Kylin Linux Advanced Server release V10 (Lance)

Kernel:
4.19.90-52.39.v2207.ky10.aarch64

Build:
Kylin Linux Advanced Server
release V10 (SP3) /(Lance)-aarch64-Build23/20230324
#################################################
[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u ~]#

2. MySQL 8.0.40版本下载

直接官网下载：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

选择版本：

下载不了请移步到百度网盘

通过网盘分享的文件：mysql-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm-bundle.tar

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1etUFFGVO_8VLc7o58W3cOw?pwd=uwsf 提取码: uwsf

el8表示的是如CentOS 8，非麒麟版本的基本上都是el7版本，请核实你的版本在进行下载

3. 安装MySQL

3.1. 删除原有的mariadb

先查看一下是否已经安装了

rpm -qa | grep mysql
rpm -qa | grep mariadbrpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
rpm -e mariadb-server --nodeps
yum -y remove mysql*
yum -y remove mariadb*

删除mariadb，命令：

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

rpm -e mariadb-server --nodeps

3.2. 解压缩mysql离线安装包

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm-bundle.ta

逐个安装，命令如下：

必须安装

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm 

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm 

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64.rpm

查看mysql

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# rpm -qa |grep mysql

mysql-community-libs-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
mysql-community-server-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
mysql-community-devel-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
mysql-community-client-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
mysql-community-common-8.0.40-1.el8.aarch64
[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]#

3.3. 初始化mysql服务

修改配置文件建议使用去除注释精简版本配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

3.3.1. 去除注释精简版本

[mysqld]
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G

sort_buffer_size = 512M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M

thread_cache_size = 64

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

bind-address=0.0.0.0

lower-case-table-names=1

3.3.2. 注释版本

# 有关如何更改设置的建议，请参阅
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
# 设置读取缓存大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G

#调整排序缓存大小
sort_buffer_size = 512M

#临时表缓存大小
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M

#线程缓存大小
thread_cache_size = 64
#
# 删除前导 # 并设置为最重要数据的 RAM 量
# 在MySQL中缓存。从专用服务器总 RAM 的 70% 开始，否则为 10%。
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# 删除前导"#"以禁用二进制日志记录
# 二进制日志记录捕获备份之间的更改，并通过以下方式启用
# 违约。它的默认设置为 log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# 删除前导 # 以设置主要用于报表服务器的选项。
# 对于事务和快速的 SELECT，服务器默认值更快。
# 根据需要调整大小，进行实验以找到最佳值。
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# 删除前导 # 以恢复为default_authentication_plugin的先前值,
# 这将增加与旧客户端的兼容性。有关背景信息，请参阅：
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# 打开跳过权限检查，以方便修改密码
# skip-grant-tables

# 开启远程访问连接
bind-address=0.0.0.0

lower-case-table-names=1

3.4. 授权

chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf

3.5. 查看服务状态

命令：systemctl status mysqld

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]#

3.6. 启动服务

接下来要启动MySQL，通过执行以下命令启动：

systemctl start mysqld

或者使用一下方式启动

su -s /bin/bash mysql -c "/usr/sbin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf"

在此我使用 systemctl start mysqld 方式启动，原因是命令行简单

启动过程并不会返回任何信息即为成功。

再次查询状态

[root@ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u app]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-12-25 14:45:34 CST; 1min 10s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 167040 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 167133 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
    Tasks: 40
   Memory: 926.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─167133 /usr/sbin/mysqld

12月 25 14:45:22 ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
12月 25 14:45:34 ga-sit-cssjgj-db-01u systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server

激活状态Active显示为active，则表示启动成功。

4. 配置MySQL

MySQL安装完成后需要对MySQL做基础配置，包括首次登录修改用户密码、数据文件位置调整、redo log大小与数量调整、undo 表空间调整、ibdata表空间调整、binlog+errorlog+slowlog+pid+socket等文件调整、性能参数调整，这些调整都可以通过修改my.cnf参数文件实现。

在MySQL安装完成第一次启动MySQL服务后，会自动为MySQL的root用户生成一个随机初始化密码，并在MySQL的errorlog文件中记录下来，我们要找到它并用它登录MySQL，修改root用户密码后才能执行任何其它操作：

• 找到初始化密码

[root@localhost MYSQL安装包]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log

2023-07-31T06:52:18.907755Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #SL7tAyY5ih)

4.1. SL7tAyY5ih)即为初始化密码，注意是冒号后面的所有字符都是密码

• 使用上面的初始化密码登录MySQL

[root@localhost MYSQL安装包]# mysql -uroot -p

• 修改root密码

使用初始化密码登录MySQL后只能执行修改密码的操作，其他任何操作都是不可能的，使用以下命令修改密码：

登录不了怎么办别急，早知道你输入不对密码，请先执行修改密码再进行登录，跳过此章节直接修改密码

mysql> alter user user() identified by 'LaoGeDB123!';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

密码修改成功后，执行以下命令查看MySQL基本信息：

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.1.0 for Linux on aarch64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:		12
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.1.0
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			25 min 43 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 10  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 46  Queries per second avg: 0.006
--------------

5. 修改密码

vim /etc/my.cnf

追加：skip-grant-tables

追加后如下：记得保存wq

[mysqld]
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G

sort_buffer_size = 512M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M

thread_cache_size = 64

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

bind-address=0.0.0.0

lower-case-table-names=1
#追加的内容
skip-grant-tables

重启服务：systemctl restart mysqld.service

mysql -u root -p //回车不需要密码

登录成功后执行如下注意查看plugin 是caching_sha2_password 跟别的mysql不一样别的是mysql_native_password

查看当前权限

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root             | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

授权远程访问

mysql> update user set host="%" where user='root';

mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| %         | root             | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

你的密码：我设置为Aa123456,根据你实际的情况设置

注意：

mysql_native_password，mysql8.x版本必须使用这种模式，否则navicate无法正确连接

use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY '你的密码';
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的密码';
flush privileges;

或者使用这个方式
update user set authentication_string=password("Aa123456"),plugin='caching_sha2_password' where user='root';

将/etc/my.cnf 中的 skip-grant-tables 增加注释，重启 mysqld 服务；

如果报错ERROR 1396，请看下面

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'Aa123456';
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'%'
mysql> update user set authentication_string='' where user='root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'Aa123456';

mysql> flush privileges;

6. 常用服务器命令

启动mysql服务：

systemctl start mysqld.service

停止mysql服务

systemctl stop mysqld.service

重启mysql服务

systemctl restart mysqld.service

查看mysql服务当前状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

设置mysql服务开机自启动

systemctl enable mysqld.service

停止mysql服务开机自启动

systemctl disable mysqld.service

7.其他版本安装

参考我以前的Linux彻底卸载删除Mysql和安装mysql及docker安装和配置