STM32 HAL库USART串口中断编程：环形缓冲区防止数据丢失

HAL_UART_Receive接收最容易丢数据了,可以考虑用中断来实现,但是HAL_UART_Receive_IT还不能直接用,容易数据丢失,实际工作中不会这样用,STM32 HAL库USART串口中断编程：演示数据丢失,需要在此基础优化一下. 本文介绍STM32F103 HAL库USART串口中断,利用环形缓冲区来防止数据丢失.

目录

一、开发环境

二、配置STM32CubeMX

三、代码实现与部署

四、运行结果：

​五、注意事项

---

主要是5个函数的调用和实现.

HAL_UART_Receive_IT();
HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(huart);

void circle_buf_init(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint32_t len, uint8_t *buf);//初始化环形缓冲区

int circle_buf_read(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t *pVal);//读取环形缓冲区

int circle_buf_write(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t val);//写环形缓冲区

1.HAL_UART_Receive_IT:UART 并不会自动继续下一轮的接收中断配置,需要再调用重新开启HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &g_RecvChar, 1).只是使能了中断,会启动一次中断接收,不代表收到数据了.接收1字节实时性更强,灵活性,占内存更少。

2.HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(huart);在回调函数设置标志位,告诉已经传输完毕了,将接收数据写入环形缓冲区,当这一次接收完成后，UART 并不会自动继续下一轮的接收中断配置,需要再调用重新开启.

从源头到调用回调函数的调用过程, USART1_IRQHandler->void USART1_IRQHandler(void)->void HAL_UART_IRQHandler(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)-> UART_Receive_IT(huart)-> __HAL_UART_DISABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_RXNE)-> HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(huart);

一、开发环境

硬件：正点原子精英版 V2 STM32F103开发板

单片机：STM32F103ZET6

Keil版本：5.32

STM32CubeMX版本：6.9.2

STM32Cube MCU Packges版本：STM32F1xx_DFP.2.4.1

串口：USART1(PA9,PA10)

二、配置STM32CubeMX

1.启动STM32CubeMX，新建STM32CubeMX项目 ：​

2.选择MCU ：在软件中选择你的STM32型号-STM32F103ZET6。​

3.选择时钟源：

4.配置时钟：

​5.使能Debug功能：Serial Wire

​6.HAL库时基选择：SysTick

7.USART1配置： 选择异步模式,使能中断。

8.配置工程参数 ：在Project标签页中，配置项目名称和位置，选择工具链MDK-ARM。​ 9.生成代码 ：在Code Generator标签页中，配置工程外设文件与HAL库，勾选头文件.c和.h文件分开，然后点击Project > Generate Code生成代码。

三、代码实现与部署

main.c增加代码：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
#include"circle_buffer.h"

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
static circle_buf g_CircleBuf;
uint32_t buf_len;
static uint8_t g_RecvChar;
static uint8_t g_RecvBuf[150];
int UART1_read(uint8_t *pVal)
{
	return circle_buf_read(&g_CircleBuf, pVal);
}

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
char *str= "hello\r\n";
char c;
/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,str,strlen(str),1000);
	circle_buf_init(&g_CircleBuf, 150, g_RecvBuf);//初始化环形缓冲区
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,&g_RecvChar,1);//一开始就打开中断
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
     while (0 != UART1_read(&c));
		 HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, &c, 1, 1000);
		 HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, "\r\n", 2, 1000);//耗时,导致数据丢失.
 
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
static volatile int g_rx_cplt = 0;

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    g_rx_cplt=1; 
	  circle_buf_write(&g_CircleBuf,g_RecvChar); //写入环形缓冲区
	  HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &g_RecvChar, 1);	//当这一次接收完成后，UART 并不会自动继续下一轮的接收中断配置,需要再调用重新开启
}

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

2.增加代码circle_buffer.h,circle_buffer.c

#ifndef _CIRCLE_BUF_H
#define _CIRCLE_BUF_H

#include <stdint.h>

typedef struct circle_buf {
	uint32_t r;
	uint32_t w;
	uint32_t len;
	uint8_t *buf;
}circle_buf, *p_circle_buf;

void circle_buf_init(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint32_t len, uint8_t *buf);

int circle_buf_read(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t *pVal);

int circle_buf_write(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t val);

#endif /* _CIRCLE_BUF_H */

#include <stdint.h>
#include "circle_buffer.h"

void circle_buf_init(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint32_t len, uint8_t *buf)
{
	pCircleBuf->r = pCircleBuf->w = 0;
	pCircleBuf->len = len;
	pCircleBuf->buf = buf;
}

int circle_buf_read(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t *pVal)
{
	if (pCircleBuf->r != pCircleBuf->w)
	{
		*pVal = pCircleBuf->buf[pCircleBuf->r];
		
		pCircleBuf->r++;
		
		if (pCircleBuf->r == pCircleBuf->len)
			pCircleBuf->r = 0;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return -1;
	}
}

int circle_buf_write(p_circle_buf pCircleBuf, uint8_t val)
{
	uint32_t next_w;
	
	next_w = pCircleBuf->w + 1;
	if (next_w == pCircleBuf->len)
		next_w = 0;
	
	if (next_w != pCircleBuf->r)
	{
		pCircleBuf->buf[pCircleBuf->w] = val;
		pCircleBuf->w = next_w;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return -1;
	}
}

3.连接USART1 ：用USB转TTL工具连接当前硬件USART1的PA9、PA10，GND。​​​

4.打开串口助手：​​​

5.编译代码：Keil编译生成的代码。

6.烧录程序：将编译好的程序用ST-LINK烧录到STM32微控制器中。

四、运行结果：

1. 即使不屏蔽HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, "\r\n", 2, 1000),一旦程序烧录完成并运行，复位打印hello,发送"1234567890"时候，打印"1234567890",数据没有丢失.

​五、注意事项

1.确保你的开发环境和工具已经正确安装和配置。

2.如果没有打印，按一下复位键，检查连接和电源是否正确，注意根据你所用的硬件来接线，不要接错线。

3.在串口打印数据时，要确保波特率等参数与串口助手设置一致。

通过上述步骤，验证STM32F103 HAL库函数HAL_UART_Receive_IT的使用,在此基础优化一下,利用环形缓冲区来防止数据丢失.